Energy for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Stakeholder perceptions and policy implications of energy benchmarking in the Philippines","authors":"Kristina P. Badec ,&nbsp;P. Abdul Salam ,&nbsp;Shobhakar Dhakal","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy Benchmarking (EB) is widely recognized as a policy and management tool for enhancing building energy efficiency, yet its application remains limited in developing countries. Despite growing international literature on EB, empirical and stakeholder-centered studies remain scarce in developing and Southeast Asian contexts, where institutional capacity, data systems, and regulatory readiness differ markedly from developed economies. In the Philippines, despite legislative mandates, EB implementation has been slow and poorly understood. This study provides the empirical investigation on awareness of EB in commercial buildings in the country, extending insights to the broader Southeast Asian context. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey responses and the qualitative feedback collected from purposively selected stakeholders representing national and local government, academia, energy service companies, and private establishments. Findings reveal moderate awareness of EB, with stakeholders recognizing its potential benefits particularly regarding improved energy performance, greenhouse gas reduction, and cost savings. Some significant barriers were also including limited technical capacity, inadequate data systems, and weak policy enforcement. Respondents emphasized the importance of enabling conditions such as policy support, training and capacity building, incentives, and reference benchmarks to facilitate adoption. Divergent perspectives across stakeholder groups further highlight the need for differentiated approaches to policy and practice. By documenting stakeholder readiness, concerns, and visions for EB, this study contributes to empirical evidence and insights from the Philippines to strengthen energy conservation programs and align national commitments with sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost competitiveness and carbon reduction of battery-electric vehicle and battery-swapping electric vehicle with incentive policy in China","authors":"Jun Li ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Mingke He","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The key factors determining the total cost of ownership (TCO) of battery-electric vehicle (BEV) and battery-swapping electric vehicle (BSEV) are analysed. The effects of multiple incentive policies and carbon emission regulation on the cost competitiveness and carbon emission reduction of BEV and BSEV are explored in China. The comprehensive TCO model for BEV and BSEV is proposed focusing on vehicle category, city, incentive policy, and application. The TCO of BSEV’ M-SUV is approximately 20,000 yuan higher than that of internal combustion engine vehicle ICEV across five cities under the private car mode. The TCO of BSEV for all vehicle categories is the lowest, being approximately 100,000 yuan lower than that of BEV and around 250,000 yuan lower than that of ICEV under the ride-hailing mode. The incentive policies are essential to improve the cost competitiveness of BEV and BSEV under the private car mode. By contrast, TCO of BEV and BSEV is still 50,000 to 300,000 yuan lower than that of ICEV even without the implementation of incentive policies under the ride-hailing mode in 10 cities. Through sensitivity analysis, the rising unit carbon price, extended driving mileage and proportion of electricity generated from renewable energy sources have increasingly highlighted the advantage of BSEV in reducing carbon emission cost. The appropriate discount rates and optimized battery replacement period can effectively reduce the TCO of BEV and BSEV. Using the BEV with battery capacity of 75 kWh under the private car mode and the BSEV with battery capacity of 100 kWh under the ride-hailing mode are more conducive to TCO reduction. The methodology proposed in this paper can be used in other city and country studies, and generate useful information for supporting decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, identification and characterization of fungal lipids from biorefinery waste sites","authors":"Muthukumaaran Manickam ,&nbsp;Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar ,&nbsp;Noorazlenawati Borhan ,&nbsp;Hasrizal Abd Rahman ,&nbsp;M. Ghaddaffi M. Noh ,&nbsp;Hwai Chyuan Ong ,&nbsp;Zul Ilham","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oleaginous fungi represent a sustainable platform for biodiesel production; however, most studies rely on conventional wild strains, while fungi adapted to harsh, waste-rich environments remain scarcely explored. In this study, filamentous fungi were isolated from a petroleum-contaminated biorefinery waste site and screened for lipid-producing potential. Six isolates (PET1–PET6) belonging to <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Trichoderma</em> genera were identified, among which <em>Aspergillus sydowii</em> PET2 exhibited the highest preliminary lipid yield (3.53% <em>w</em>/w) and was selected for further investigation. Lipid production by PET2 was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Central Composite Design (CCD), evaluating the effects of temperature, glucose concentration, agitation, and initial pH. The model was statistically significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with temperature identified as the dominant factor influencing lipid accumulation. Under optimized conditions (pH 6.0, glucose 57.26 g/L, agitation 150 rpm, 20 °C), validation experiments showed that PET2 achieved a biomass concentration of 5.37 g/L and a lipid content of 5.21% (<em>w</em>/w) in shake-flask cultivation. Scale-up in a 3-L air L-shaped bioreactor further enhanced performance, yielding 5.64 g/L biomass and a markedly higher lipid content of 18.40% (<em>w</em>/w), corresponding to a 3.53-fold increase in lipid accumulation compared to shake-flask culture. The extracted lipids were efficiently converted into FAME with a balanced fatty acid composition (40.06% saturated, 31.91% monounsaturated, and 28.03% polyunsaturated), supporting favourable fuel stability, cold-flow properties, and combustion performance. The biodiesel complied with ASTM <span><span>D6751</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> and EN 14214 standards, except for density and oxidation stability, which can be readily improved through antioxidant supplementation or blending. Future research should prioritise genetic engineering to enhance lipid biosynthetic pathways, incorporate additional RSM parameters (e.g., nitrogen availability, dissolved oxygen, and trace element supplementation) to further maximize productivity, and pilot-scale studies to validate process scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field evaluation of performance degradation for three photovoltaic technologies operating in Marrakech's semi-arid environment","authors":"Mustapha Ezzini ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ennejjar ,&nbsp;Abdelali El Gourari ,&nbsp;Salima Sarikh ,&nbsp;Mohammed Boukendil ,&nbsp;Mustapha Raoufi","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides the first long-term outdoor degradation assessment of three silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) technologies; monocrystalline (m-Si), polycrystalline (p-Si), and amorphous/microcrystalline silicon (a-Si); operating for more than eleven years (2014–2025) in the semi-arid climate of Marrakech. Using over 132 months of AC production data, the performance indicators (Yf, Yr, PR, ηsys) were analyzed using Linear Regression (LR), Classical Seasonal Decomposition (CSD) and Seasonal–Trend decomposition using Loess (STL) to isolate long-term aging trends from seasonal variability. Results show that crystalline modules exhibit comparable long-term stability, with annual degradation rates of 1.337 ± 0.136%/year (p-Si) and 1.350 ± 0.14%/year (m-Si) using LR, increasing to 1.593 ± 0.09%/year (p-Si) and 1.589 ± 0.09%/year (m-Si) with CSD after removing seasonal effects. Amorphous technology shows significantly higher degradation: 2.683 ± 0.142%/year (LR) and 2.850 ± 0.11%/year (CSD). Daily yield ratios reveal that p-Si maintains a persistent advantage of 2–4% over m-Si, while a-Si diverges after 1150 days, stabilizing at a long-term deficit of 14–16% relative to crystalline modules. Lifetime projections indicate that p-Si and m-Si reach the 80% end-of-life threshold after 17–18 years, whereas a-Si reaches it after only ~9 years. Economic analysis shows that p-Si achieves the lowest LCOE (10.15 cUSD/kWh), followed by m-Si (11.00 cUSD/kWh) and a-Si (14.61 cUSD/kWh). These results provide robust long-term experimental evidence on PV reliability in hot semi-arid climates and support improved technology selection and lifetime modelling for North African solar deployments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and deployment of a sustainable battery charging system using a 1.5 kW Piggott wind turbine in off-grid areas of Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Jean-Michel Soumien Kouadio ,&nbsp;Moussa Grafouté ,&nbsp;Aka Stéphane Koffi ,&nbsp;Karana Olivier ,&nbsp;Hugh Piggott","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to affordable and reliable energy remains a pressing challenge in off-grid regions of Côte d'Ivoire. This study presents the first documented field deployment of a wind-powered battery charging system in the country, using a 1.5 kW Pigott wind turbine rated at 10 m/s with a 3.6-meter rotor and a custom quinphasic alternator. The alternator was designed using locally sourced materials—particularly oversized industrial magnets—through a constraint-driven design approach. Five rural communities were selected using a multi-criteria framework that considered wind exposure, accessibility, and social acceptance. Over a seven-month monitoring period, daily peak power outputs ranged from approximately 77 W to 190 W, with a maximum observed value of 650 W under favorable wind conditions. The highest cumulative energy output recorded exceeded 45 kWh. These results were obtained through a manual, once-daily data collection process conducted by local participants. Beyond technical outcomes, the study highlights the critical role of community involvement in renewable energy projects. The findings confirm the practical viability of wind energy in Côte d'Ivoire and demonstrate the value of localized design and social integration. This work lays the foundation for further performance optimization and long-term rural electrification strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-creating sustainable futures: A biogas case study in Argentina's humid pampas","authors":"M.M. Echarte ,&nbsp;M.E. Sanz Smachetti ,&nbsp;J. Maiorano ,&nbsp;L. Iriarte ,&nbsp;N. García ,&nbsp;A.M. Costa ,&nbsp;W. Glessi ,&nbsp;A. Giudice","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rural development in Argentina demands comprehensive solutions that address social, environmental, and cultural factors, in addition to economic ones. Decades of unreliable energy supply, deficient infrastructure and services, declining rural labor demand, and environmental pollution from inadequately treated agricultural and agro-industrial waste have led to rural depopulation. This study examines how rural cooperative bioenergy initiatives might emerge and evolve during early-stage implementation under conditions of institutional volatility, using the Los Pinos Biogas Demonstration Unit (BDU) as a qualitative case study. Through a transdisciplinary, participatory process involving researchers, local government, private companies, and community members, a cooperative-managed biogas plant was designed and constructed to address the local energy and environmental challenges faced by a small rural town in the Humid Pampas. The experience is interpreted as a formative socio-technical process characterized by partial institutionalization, in which participatory governance and technological learning advanced despite persistent regulatory, financial, and market constraints. Integrating innovation ecosystem and business environment perspectives, the study shows how local collaboration, adaptive learning, and social embedding can coexist with structural barriers that limit consolidation and replicability. The paper provides analytical grounded insights into the conditions shaping community-based bioenergy initiatives and highlight the need for bioeconomy policies that better align institutional stability, local autonomy, and inclusive governance, particularly in developing-country contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooking fuels and household air pollution in resource-constrained urban environments: A field assessment","authors":"Dan Oduor Oluoch ,&nbsp;Gideon Nyamasyo ,&nbsp;Nzioka John Muthama ,&nbsp;James K. Gitau ,&nbsp;James Moronge ,&nbsp;Ruth Mendum ,&nbsp;Moses Kirimi ,&nbsp;Mary Njenga","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Household air pollution from cooking remains a major public health and climate challenge in low-income urban areas. In Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya high population density living in poorly ventilated houses, surrounded with poor waste management and use of charcoal in inefficient stoves and kerosene expose people to harmful emissions. This study assessed household energy use, cooking time, and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) from cooking with charcoal, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and electricity under real-world conditions, and explored implications for health and climate policy. Participatory cooking tests of breakfast and dinner were conducted in three households that used all four fuel types identified in a household survey. Real-time measurements of CO, CO_2, and PM_2.5 were taken before, during, and after cooking. Data were analysed using Welch's ANOVA with Games–Howell post hoc tests. Cooking with any fuel resulted into some household air pollution and charcoal and kerosene produced the highest concentrations of the studied gases and particles. LPG and electricity produced low concentrations and there was no significance difference between the two. The household ambient PM_2.5 was 213 μg/m³ implying that people are living in houses with this pollutant being 14.2 times above the 24-h threshold of 15 μg/m³ by World Health Organization guidelines. Hence no fuel switch alone will address household air quality in the informal settlement.</div><div>Transitioning households to clean(er) cooking stackings such as with renewable ecooking, improved charcoal cookstoves and LPG scenario showed the highest reduction of emissions contributing toward Kenya's nationally determined contribution of 32% reduction green house gases emission. Clean(er) cooking stacking aimed at net zero should consider sustainable sourcing of the fuel. There is also need for integration of green spaces for air pollutions removal and reduction of emissions from activities such as burning of waste in open spaces, industrial processes and transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIM-PDCA framework for low-carbon hospital operation in hot-summer, warm-winter regions","authors":"Dongdong Rao ,&nbsp;Yi Pan ,&nbsp;Xinying Huang ,&nbsp;Pingping Shi ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Chen ,&nbsp;Zhengmian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case study presents the first year-round, independently audited evidence that integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) with a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)-based management framework can enable rapid, cost-effective decarbonization in a large hospital in a hot-summer, warm-winter (HSWW) climate (Koppen Cfa). At the Branch Campus of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital in southeast China, the hospital was newly constructed and thus offered a unique opportunity to embed energy-efficiency measures from inception. Eight coordinated measures, involving heating, cooling, automation controls, and kitchen electrification, were implemented from April 2022 to March 2023. Metering and financial audits confirmed a 12.5% drop in electricity use (−1.77 GWh) and 1011 t CO₂-equivalent abatement within 12 months. All measures achieved payback within one year, with the automation upgrades delivering the highest carbon reduction per unit of investment (¥408/t CO₂). PDCA loops embedded in the BIM platform enabled synchronized monitoring, response, and optimization. Beyond carbon and cost, the interventions delivered clinically relevant improvements in patient safety: indoor CO fell from 8 to 12 ppm to &lt;3 ppm, HVAC fault response time halved (48 → 22 h), and mechanical-room noise dropped by 6 dB—improving thermal stability and infection control in sensitive zones. Using a single-site, electricity-only boundary, the project demonstrates that digitally enabled governance can unlock high-impact savings while supporting both China's “dual-carbon” goals and global health-sector decarbonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated biohydrogen production systems: Advances, synergies, and pathways to a circular hydrogen economy","authors":"Manidipa Roy ,&nbsp;Soumyajit Chandra ,&nbsp;Tripti Singh ,&nbsp;Soumya Pandit ,&nbsp;Srijoni Banerjee ,&nbsp;Harjot Singh Gill ,&nbsp;Mithul Rajeev ,&nbsp;Amandeep Sharma ,&nbsp;Basant Lal ,&nbsp;Rajeev Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated biological hydrogen production systems are being critically evaluated as renewable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, based on hydrogen production processes. The rising environmental issues and depletion of resources call for the use of renewable energy carriers, among which hydrogen is a suitable candidate because of its high energy density and carbon-neutral combustion. This review covers the mechanisms, operating conditions, and recent technological advances of integrated biohydrogen production strategies, such as dark fermentation photo fermentation (DFPF), dark fermentation microbial electrolysis cells (DFMEC), dark fermentation microbial fuel cells (DFMFC), biophotolysis photo fermentation systems, and DF anaerobic digestion (DF-AD) configurations. The sequential integration of biological pathways provides synergistic benefits in terms of hydrogen yield, waste valorization, and overall energy recovery; however, the authors point out that there are still some challenges, such as mismatched operating conditions between stages, microbial stability, reactor design complexity, and scale-up feasibility.</div><div>Advances in synthetic biology, nanomaterial-based electrodes, process intensification, and data-driven optimization offer possible solutions to these problems. In summary, this review serves as a vehicle for recent scientific and technological breakthroughs in integrated biohydrogen systems, covering economic aspects and analyzing sustainability implications, as well as envisaging the role of such systems in the framework of the emerging hydrogen economy and circular bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic waste conversion to syngas by thermal arc plasma for sustainable energy production","authors":"Andrius Tamošiūnas ,&nbsp;Dovilė Gimžauskaitė ,&nbsp;Mindaugas Aikas ,&nbsp;Mindaugas Milieška ,&nbsp;Kęstutis Zakarauskas","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2026.101957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated energy recovery from plastic waste, specifically FFP2 face masks, to hydrogen-rich syngas via thermal plasma gasification, and its potential application in co-gasification with biomass/waste for sustainable energy production. Direct current (DC) thermal arc plasma torch technology was utilized with a mixture of carbon dioxide (11–18 wt%) and water vapor (82–89 wt%) to generate plasma, serving as both an external heat source and a gasifying agent. The effect of the water vapor to carbon (S/C) ratio on plasma gasification performance efficiency was studied. The performance of the gasification system was evaluated based on the syngas composition and yield, the H₂/CO ratio, the tar content, the lower heating value of syngas (LHV_syngas), the carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), the energy conversion efficiency (ECE), and the specific energy requirement (SER). Additionally, mass and energy balances for the plasma gasification process were calculated, considering a potential further syngas utilization pathway. Optimal performance of the plasma gasification process was observed at an S/C ratio of 1.65. At this ratio, the producer gas contained the highest concentrations of H₂ and CO – 51.14% and 24.42%, respectively, resulting in a H₂/CO ratio of 2.09, the LHV_syngas – 13.70 MJ/Nm³, the CCE – 81.10%, the ECE – 49.16%, and the SER – 1.4 kWh/kg_syngas. It was demonstrated that the DC thermal arc CO₂/water vapor plasma could be successfully applied to obtain syngas from plastic waste. Various liquid or biomass/waste feedstocks can be co-gasified for sustainable energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 101957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}