Energy for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of lithium iron phosphate and nickel manganese cobalt batteries for electric vehicles: An Indian perspective","authors":"V.J. Abhiraman ,&nbsp;Nimish Khandelwal ,&nbsp;Ravi Krishnaiah ,&nbsp;Shishir Kumar Behera ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing environmental concerns and global shift towards sustainable transportation, adopting electric vehicles (EVs) has become indispensable. In this context, considering the Indian electricity mix and pollution landscape, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the manufacturing, use, and recycling phases of EV batteries. Two widely used battery chemistries in Indian EV market, <em>viz.</em>, Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), were compared in this study. The LCA was performed using OpenLCA®, employing the ReCiPe 2016 methodology along with Monte-Carlo simulations. The results showed that NMC batteries had nearly double the manufacturing-phase global warming potential (1208 vs. 573 kg CO₂-eq) and higher use-phase emissions (1042 vs. 706 kg CO₂-eq) than that of LFP batteries. The water consumption in NMC batteries' manufacturing (153.6 m³) was found to be six times greater than LFP batteries (25.8 m³), while recycling offered limited mitigation, contributing &lt;2 % of total emissions. Overall, LFP batteries consistently outperformed NMC batteries across air pollution, water pollution, and toxicity indicators, making them more suitable for India's cost-sensitive and resource-constrained context. Current socio-economic limitations in India's battery recycling infrastructure were also examined, highlighting the need for more robust and sustainable end-of-life practices. The findings obtained from this study, aim to support the development of a low-carbon EV ecosystem in India in line with the national sustainability targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of lithium iron phosphate and nickel manganese cobalt batteries for electric vehicles: An Indian perspective","authors":"V.J. Abhiraman ,&nbsp;Nimish Khandelwal ,&nbsp;Ravi Krishnaiah ,&nbsp;Shishir Kumar Behera ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing environmental concerns and global shift towards sustainable transportation, adopting electric vehicles (EVs) has become indispensable. In this context, considering the Indian electricity mix and pollution landscape, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the manufacturing, use, and recycling phases of EV batteries. Two widely used battery chemistries in Indian EV market, <em>viz.</em>, Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), were compared in this study. The LCA was performed using OpenLCA®, employing the ReCiPe 2016 methodology along with Monte-Carlo simulations. The results showed that NMC batteries had nearly double the manufacturing-phase global warming potential (1208 vs. 573 kg CO₂-eq) and higher use-phase emissions (1042 vs. 706 kg CO₂-eq) than that of LFP batteries. The water consumption in NMC batteries' manufacturing (153.6 m³) was found to be six times greater than LFP batteries (25.8 m³), while recycling offered limited mitigation, contributing &lt;2 % of total emissions. Overall, LFP batteries consistently outperformed NMC batteries across air pollution, water pollution, and toxicity indicators, making them more suitable for India's cost-sensitive and resource-constrained context. Current socio-economic limitations in India's battery recycling infrastructure were also examined, highlighting the need for more robust and sustainable end-of-life practices. The findings obtained from this study, aim to support the development of a low-carbon EV ecosystem in India in line with the national sustainability targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MCDM GIS framework for wind energy sites suitability in Algeria's northwest","authors":"Daaou Nedjari Hafida,&nbsp;Samira Louassa,&nbsp;Sabiha Kheder-Haddouche","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To fulfill rising energy demand and slow global warming, countries worldwide are gradually transitioning to renewable energy, including wind power. However, the wind project's success depends on ideal locations, influenced by conflicting feasibility factors, and on balancing energy objectives, costs, and social and environmental concerns. This study proposes a holistic framework for analyzing the complex issues related to wind energy transition solutions using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methodology, combining geographic information systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To address the optimal wind site selection challenge, this process evaluates sites based on eight feasibility factors, including infrastructural accessibility, technological limitations, and environmental issues. A priority assessment survey was conducted using the expert method. The energy production maximization objectives were mainly based on wind speed and power density data produced using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP 12.9) at the regional scale. Overlaying the scores with GIS mapping criteria assisted the sites' classification into five categories, from “unsuitable” to “most suitable”. The proposed MCDM rules, adapted to local conditions, significantly reduced the number of preliminary alternatives by about two-thirds. The regions deemed viable for suitable wind exploitation encompass approximately 1369 km². The cumulative installed capacity reaches 10 GW, including 4.8 GW in Oran and 1.2 GW in Chlef. Fifteen scenarios were assessed, resulting in an effective capacity of 1.43 GW. The results made it possible to construct a roadmap for wind farms, particularly in northwest Algeria, which may attract the interest of policy makers and industry stakeholders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming energy access in developing economies: An innovative framework for demand response integration","authors":"Timothy King Avordeh ,&nbsp;Samuel Gyamfi ,&nbsp;Forson Peprah ,&nbsp;Christopher Quaidoo","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study advances the discourse on Demand Response adaptation in developing economies by introducing a novel <em>Socio-Technical Adaptive Framework for Demand Response</em> (<em>STAF-DR</em>), which integrates mobile-based platforms, decentralized energy systems, and policy reforms with a unique emphasis on behavioral economics and institutional capacity building. Unlike prior reviews, we systematically analyze causal mechanisms behind DR success or failure across 15 case studies (2010–2025) using a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative meta-analysis of peak load reductions (5–15 %) with qualitative institutional diagnostics. Our framework identifies three original levers for scalability: (1) <em>contextualized technology bundling</em> (e.g., hybrid SMS/solar-microgrid DR in Kenya achieving 18 % higher participation than standalone solutions), (2) <em>policy sequencing</em> tailored to regulatory maturity (e.g., Ghana's phased TOU rollout reducing implementation costs by 30 %), and (3) <em>community trust metrics</em> that predict DR adoption (R² = 0.72 in rural India). The study provides new empirical evidence on DR's role in mitigating renewable intermittency, demonstrating that mobile-DR can reduce solar curtailment by 12 % in South Africa, compared to 5 % for smart meters. We provide actionable insights for policymakers through a risk-weighted decision matrix, addressing gaps in longitudinal impact assessment and rural DR scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming energy access in developing economies: An innovative framework for demand response integration","authors":"Timothy King Avordeh ,&nbsp;Samuel Gyamfi ,&nbsp;Forson Peprah ,&nbsp;Christopher Quaidoo","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study advances the discourse on Demand Response adaptation in developing economies by introducing a novel <em>Socio-Technical Adaptive Framework for Demand Response</em> (<em>STAF-DR</em>), which integrates mobile-based platforms, decentralized energy systems, and policy reforms with a unique emphasis on behavioral economics and institutional capacity building. Unlike prior reviews, we systematically analyze causal mechanisms behind DR success or failure across 15 case studies (2010–2025) using a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative meta-analysis of peak load reductions (5–15 %) with qualitative institutional diagnostics. Our framework identifies three original levers for scalability: (1) <em>contextualized technology bundling</em> (e.g., hybrid SMS/solar-microgrid DR in Kenya achieving 18 % higher participation than standalone solutions), (2) <em>policy sequencing</em> tailored to regulatory maturity (e.g., Ghana's phased TOU rollout reducing implementation costs by 30 %), and (3) <em>community trust metrics</em> that predict DR adoption (R² = 0.72 in rural India). The study provides new empirical evidence on DR's role in mitigating renewable intermittency, demonstrating that mobile-DR can reduce solar curtailment by 12 % in South Africa, compared to 5 % for smart meters. We provide actionable insights for policymakers through a risk-weighted decision matrix, addressing gaps in longitudinal impact assessment and rural DR scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable energy recovery via co-pyrolysis of orange peels and agro-wastes: Generation of hydrogen-rich syngas, bio-oil, and biochar","authors":"Emna Fassatoui ,&nbsp;Sana Kordoghli ,&nbsp;Jean François Largeau ,&nbsp;Khaled Loubar ,&nbsp;Fethi Zagrouba","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of orange peels alongside typical agricultural biomass residues, such as peanut shells and coffee grounds. Based on their equal weight percentage, the cited samples were combined with orange peels in a 50:50 wt% ratio. Two technological configurations were employed: a batch setup at the laboratory scale and a semi-batch setup at the industrial scale. As the experiments transitioned from batch to semi-batch configurations, the yield of volatile byproducts, including bio-oil and biogas, showed a significant increase, peaking at 79 % for the orange-peanuts mixture. The semi-batch setup demonstrated enhanced conversion efficiency for both condensable and non-condensable fractions. As a result, the semi-batch configuration was prioritized because of its potential to produce high-quality biogas. As regards to pure biomass pyrolysis, orange peels yielded the largest gas fraction (38.83 wt%) due to their high volatile matter content. The results of co-pyrolysis further revealed that the addition of orange peels to the other residues significantly influenced the thermochemical behavior, leading to an increased biogas yield. Specifically, gas fractions reached 48.90 wt% for the orange-coffee blend and 54.20 wt% for the orange-peanuts combination. In particular, the orange peels incorporation generated innovative blends that reached maximal hydrogen production earlier than individual biomass processing. In terms of bio-oil composition, the established mixtures led to a higher hydrocarbons concentration. The co-pyrolysis process, notably, improves the viable conversion of orange peels and specific lignocellulosic biomass waste, providing thus a distinctive alternative to their processing in accordance with the circular economy and sustainable waste treatment concepts. This approach can serve as a viable solution to support energy resilience and the socio-economic development of rural communities in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable energy recovery via co-pyrolysis of orange peels and agro-wastes: Generation of hydrogen-rich syngas, bio-oil, and biochar","authors":"Emna Fassatoui ,&nbsp;Sana Kordoghli ,&nbsp;Jean François Largeau ,&nbsp;Khaled Loubar ,&nbsp;Fethi Zagrouba","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of orange peels alongside typical agricultural biomass residues, such as peanut shells and coffee grounds. Based on their equal weight percentage, the cited samples were combined with orange peels in a 50:50 wt% ratio. Two technological configurations were employed: a batch setup at the laboratory scale and a semi-batch setup at the industrial scale. As the experiments transitioned from batch to semi-batch configurations, the yield of volatile byproducts, including bio-oil and biogas, showed a significant increase, peaking at 79 % for the orange-peanuts mixture. The semi-batch setup demonstrated enhanced conversion efficiency for both condensable and non-condensable fractions. As a result, the semi-batch configuration was prioritized because of its potential to produce high-quality biogas. As regards to pure biomass pyrolysis, orange peels yielded the largest gas fraction (38.83 wt%) due to their high volatile matter content. The results of co-pyrolysis further revealed that the addition of orange peels to the other residues significantly influenced the thermochemical behavior, leading to an increased biogas yield. Specifically, gas fractions reached 48.90 wt% for the orange-coffee blend and 54.20 wt% for the orange-peanuts combination. In particular, the orange peels incorporation generated innovative blends that reached maximal hydrogen production earlier than individual biomass processing. In terms of bio-oil composition, the established mixtures led to a higher hydrocarbons concentration. The co-pyrolysis process, notably, improves the viable conversion of orange peels and specific lignocellulosic biomass waste, providing thus a distinctive alternative to their processing in accordance with the circular economy and sustainable waste treatment concepts. This approach can serve as a viable solution to support energy resilience and the socio-economic development of rural communities in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 101831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative low-cost approaches to biogas purification in developing economies","authors":"Ankur Srivastava ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Meena ,&nbsp;Dinesh Meena ,&nbsp;Sagar Shelare ,&nbsp;Chandrika S Wagle","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing environmental degradation and dependency on fossil fuels have accelerated the global push toward renewable energy. Sustainable Development Goal 7 underscores the critical role of clean, affordable energy in fostering social and industrial development. In developing regions, where organic waste is abundant, biogas—rich in methane—offers a viable renewable energy source. However, raw biogas contains impurities like carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, reducing usability and requiring purification. Conventional purification technologies are often expensive, technologically intensive, and unsuitable for decentralized or small-scale applications in low-resource settings. This review evaluates low-cost, locally sourced materials for biogas purification suited to household and community-level systems. Several affordable materials show promising purification potential: clay removes up to 90 % of contaminants, iron-rich soils up to 93.8 %, steel wool about 95 %, and compost-based media around 80 %.</div><div>To further enhance these materials, the study suggests approaches such as drying biomass ash to reduce moisture content, modifying the surface chemistry of activated carbon to improve gas adsorption, combining multiple materials for synergistic effects, and reusing adsorbents to lower costs and environmental impact. Evidence from reviewed literature and pilot projects indicates that these low-cost materials can substantially reduce purification costs and operational burdens. Moreover, some have been successfully implemented in community-level biogas programs, improving energy access in underserved regions. These efforts align directly with the objectives of SDG 7, contributing to cleaner energy transitions and increased energy equity in low-income communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergies and trade-offs in the energy-water-food security nexus: Implications for household livelihood resilience in South Africa","authors":"Thulani Ningi ,&nbsp;Amon Taruvinga ,&nbsp;Leocadia Zhou ,&nbsp;Saul Ngarava","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synergies and trade-offs within the energy, water, and food (EWF) security nexus at the household level can be both direct and indirect, often manifesting as subconscious consequences. However, it remains unclear how these trade-offs and synergies shape the livelihood resilience of rural households. The study sought to evaluate the impact of EWF security nexus trade-offs and synergies on rural livelihood resilience, using the Amathole district of South Africa as a case study. A cross-sectional research survey of 655 households was conducted. The perception-based min-max normalisation, livelihood resilience Index and propensity score matching were used to analyse the EWF security nexus trade-offs and synergy index, livelihood resilience, and the impact of trade-offs and synergy on household livelihood resilience, respectively. Most households experienced more trade-offs rather than synergies within the EWF security nexus (33.1 %). Additionally, a significant proportion of households demonstrated low livelihood resilience (42.7 %). Furthermore, experiencing higher synergies than trade-offs in the EWF security nexus is associated with a 28 % increase in livelihood resilience. In conclusion, households in the Amathole district face more trade-offs than synergies within the EWF security nexus, and experiencing greater synergies improves livelihood resilience. The study recommends supporting households with synergistic interventions such as modern energy access, reduced energy costs, water-saving techniques, and transportation infrastructure to enhance their capacity to address food, energy and water security challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101832"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptance and the sustained use of prefabricated biodigesters in Nepal","authors":"Poushan Shrestha ,&nbsp;Luiza C. Campos ,&nbsp;Sunil Prasad Lohani","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogas is one of the promising clean cooking alternatives, it has been used in Nepal for decades. However, performance often declines during colder months due to low temperatures. This study had three main objectives: (i) to assess the impact of insulation on biogas production capacity, (ii) to evaluate user acceptance and intention to continue using biodigester models, and (iii) to estimate the economic benefits for households. Twenty-two floating digesters were installed in four districts of Nepal, covering the Hilly and Terai regions. Each of the digesters was fabricated with one of the three insulation types: none, medium, or full. Digester performance was evaluated by comparing gas yield across insulation types, user intention to continue usage was assessed using structured surveys and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and economic benefits were measured through avoided liquid petroleum gas (LPG) consumption and payback period analysis. Results showed that full insulation performed best, particularly in the hilly region during winter, where fully insulated digesters produced 47 % more gas on average than non-insulated units, with winter production increasing by up to 253 %. Notably, fewer than half of the digesters remained functional because of maintenance issues, manufacturing defects, and user neglect. TAM analysis revealed that user intent for continued usage was supported by Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Trust. Economic analysis revealed varying payback periods of 1.3 to 15 years, with the variation explained mainly by differences in the extent of LPG replacement. The study recommends that manufacturers increase the durability and quality of components and that users be held accountable for regular maintenance. The biogas program should focus on identifying committed users willing to accept biogas plants in the long term, ensuring the successful integration of biogas into the clean cooking transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}