Energy for Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"A novel concept for optimal operation of multi-swap stations serving electric metrobuses","authors":"Alper Çiçek ,&nbsp;Furkan Karakuş ,&nbsp;Ozan Erdinç","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the carbon emissions produced by the conventional transportation sector's use of fossil fuels, transportation vehicles are considered one of the leading contributors to global climate change. Additionally, in metropolises like Istanbul/Türkiye, traffic congestion is one of the most significant issues. Taking these factors into account, there is a need to promote the use of public transportation vehicles and electrification of the system. This study focuses on the optimal energy management of multi-swap stations (MSSs) with photovoltaic (PV) systems serving an electric metrobus (EM) line. The presented framework is modeled using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach. In this system, when the batteries of the EMs on the route are running low, they can come to the stations where the swap operation can be performed, allowing them to exchange their batteries within the passenger boarding and disembarking times. Besides, the power transferring between batteries at swap stations is considered, which helps ensure flexible operation. The PV systems can be utilized for battery charging, and surplus energy can be sold to the power grid. Various test studies are conducted using data from the Istanbul Z34 metrobus route in this research. According to the results obtained from the study, the proposed structure demonstrates the effective operation of swap stations serving EMs. Doubling the PV capacity increased the profit to 6103 Turkish Liras (TL). In October, the highest energy selling revenue of 4791 TL was recorded due to elevated electricity prices. Inter-battery power transfer provided cost savings, with up to 50 TL saved in January, while prioritizing PV energy sales to the grid further reduced operating expenses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating greenhouse gas reduction in Seremban, Malaysia: A pilot study on biogas production from organic municipal solid waste","authors":"Is Aizat Samsuri ,&nbsp;Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ,&nbsp;Mohd Ali Hassan ,&nbsp;Amir Hamzah Sharaai ,&nbsp;Norhayati Ramli ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid ,&nbsp;Mohd Azhar Abd Hamid ,&nbsp;Toshinari Maeda","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing population causes municipal solid waste (MSW) buildup, which is a major problem. National MSW output in Malaysia is estimated at 1.17 kg per capita. This issue is crucial since 29 Malaysian landfills produce 200 thousand tons of MSW per month, releasing greenhouse gasses (GHGs). Anaerobic digestion (AD) may convert MSW into biogas to lower its organic content for landfill disposal. The AD system aims to produce biogas from domestic organic waste to create a circular economy. This study also surveyed Seremban, Malaysia, inhabitants on MSW composition and disposal. The organic fraction of MSW was subjected to the pilot-scale 500 L AD reactor, resulting in a daily average biogas production of 92–262 L, where a significant proportion of the biogas constituent, ranging from 60 to 70 %, is CH₄. Biogas production was shown to be enhanced by an increase in feedstock, as seen by a greater daily intake of 5 kg. <em>SimaPro</em> was then used to quantify the resulting GHGs emissions from the AD process. The results indicated a value of 0.215 kgCO₂ equivalent for every 5 kg food waste that underwent processing. The proposed AD system exhibits a remarkable 80 % improvement in GHG emission reduction per kg of food waste processed, in comparison to existing methods. A thorough familiarity with organic waste's make-up and disposal patterns is necessary for its effective implementation. Statistics revealed that only 35.45 % of Seremban residents disposed of MSW daily, and that waste segregation rates were below 50 %. As a percentage of MSW, organic waste account for 55 %, or 0.35 kg/person/day. With a daily capacity of 20 kg for processing food waste, the proposed AD system is highly dependent on a constant organic waste supply. Instead of continuing to be inept at waste management, this effort offered an alternative. MSW poses significant environmental concerns, but the proposed pilot-scale AD system shows promise in addressing these issues and encouraging sustainable habits in local communities. At the very least, this could result in a reduction in MSW sent to landfills and GHG emissions for residents of Seremban.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of clean cooking energy on female employment in rural China","authors":"Zheng Shen ,&nbsp;Jiangliang Zheng ,&nbsp;Mengling Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenping Song","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper contributes to the existing research by investigating the causal effect of clean cooking energy on multiple employment outcomes for women in a rural developing context and the possible underlying mechanisms responsible for this relationship. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies between 2010 and 2020, we examine the impact of clean cooking energy on female employment in rural China. Results indicate a significant energy-related employment effect. We find an increase in non-farm employment participation among women in households that use clean energy for cooking. In particular, clean cooking energy is associated with a higher likelihood of women working in wage or full-time employment. The mechanism underlying the increase in female employment is that clean cooking energy leads to better health and a reduction in the prevalence of serious illness. Further evidence suggests that the effect on employment participation varies by women's age and family size. To improve the well-being of rural women in developing countries, this study emphasizes the necessity for policy support to increase access to clean energy for rural households. Our findings also highlight that vulnerable groups, such as older women, should be given more financial and technical support to participate in the clean energy transition process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does carbon quota affect China's auto industry? A study on the incentives of carbon quota","authors":"Ning Wang,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhao,&nbsp;Kai Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable and healthy development of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry requires the support and guidance of relevant policies. However, the Chinese auto industry is currently facing problems such as subsidy withdrawal and redundancy of positive credits. To better guide the high-quality development of NEV industry and support the achievement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, it is necessary to explore new programs to improve the existing policy system. In this context, this study explores the incentive mechanism of carbon quota policy on the technological innovation of new energy vehicles and puts forward targeted suggestions for policy implementation. A system dynamics model is used to analyze the interactions between the market, technology, and policy subsystems under the carbon quota policy. The findings suggest that by incorporating the new energy vehicle carbon quota policy into the carbon trading market, setting the carbon trading price at 367 yuan/ton enables China to reach the industry's carbon peak objective by 2028. Moreover, with the ratio of targeted support funds for new energy technologies and funds to stimulate enterprises' research and development (R&amp;D) investment set at 1:4, the industry is projected to achieve a balanced supply and demand state within the carbon trading market by 2035. The results underscore the importance of carefully designed carbon quota policies in fostering NEV innovation and ensuring the industry's long-term sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of LPG in Pakistan: Factor productivity and efficiency perspectives","authors":"Muhammad Yousaf Raza ,&nbsp;Boqiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is quickly becoming an imperative part of Pakistan's energy mix, with huge future potential. However, there are still some reservations about the degree of its potential market, which leads to supply shortages. Thus, these scarcities establish the main objective of encouraging LPG to be a key fuel in various sectors. The research investigates the decomposition of key driving factors and their economic efficiency under countries' economic plans from 1987 to 2021. The results show that (i) from 1987 to 2021; LPG increased hugely because of growth in income-level; (ii) population is the second major factor in growing LPG; however, the intensity effect added maximally to LPG; (iii) domestic and commercial sectors contributed to huge consumption, which added 537.05 and 1201.7 billion dollars to the economy during the period, while the industrial sector added 3641.08 billion dollars from 2002 to 2021 followed by population and income effects. Income level is the only factor presenting positive outcomes except for the recent phase (2017–2021) due to COVID-19. (iii) Energy Efficiency Accounting Systems remained positive and significant in all phases, excluding the crisis period (2007–2011) and epidemic phase (2017–2021), while economic-wide efficiency showed optimistic results. Finally, structural change and technological enhancement can sustain the income of consuming sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive approach for electricity and clean cooking access through solar photovoltaic mini grids: The Kobe refugee camp case study","authors":"Sonia Ramos-Galdo ,&nbsp;Andrea A. Eras-Almeida ,&nbsp;Javier Mazorra Aguiar ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Egido-Aguilera","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The literature on e-cooking lacks case studies on integrated energy and clean cooking approach for community-based infrastructures in displacement settlements. This case study from the Kobe refugee camp fills this gap by incorporating up-to-date and context-specific data. The study enhances e-cooking literature by specifically examining the integration of electric pressure cooker (EPC) demand into scalable photovoltaic mini-grids (PVMGs) designed under a comprehensive approach – to address electricity and cooking needs – and long-term sustainability. Using HOMER Pro, a recognized power system modelling software, to optimize the MG from the load profile, the study assesses the benefits, challenges and open issues, with a particular focus on access levels achieved, costs and environmental impact; demonstrating that integrating high efficiency e-cooking appliances as EPCs significantly increases initial investment but has minimal impact on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) while creating a stable demand anchor. This research also demonstrates that when capital expenses are covered through donations, and the system is and properly maintained, this solution enables Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) Tier 4 energy access, equivalent to Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS). Comparative analyses of metrics such as leveraged cost of cooking a meal, global warming potential and MTF level confirm that an e-cooking solution combining EPC with optimized PVMG is economically and environmentally beneficial in this context compared to the baseline situation of cooking with traditional three-stone firewood stoves, with high scalability potential to other refugee camps in the context. Additional advantages include reduced deforestation and resource conflicts between refugees and host communities.</div><div>Although findings may not be universally applicable, the decreasing costs of lithium-ion batteries and solar PV and the increasing reliability and quality of the solar PV technology, alongside rising biomass fuel prices, make electric cooking a cost-effective alternative, particularly in displacement settings. This study offers a valuable resource for energy practitioners and policymakers, supporting integrated e-cooking and electricity solutions. It addresses climate, energy, and development challenges in the humanitarian sector while contributing to SDG 7 and SDG 13.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101691"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid-edge renewable technologies enabling sustainable cities through big data analytics for energy sustainability","authors":"Benedito D. Bonatto ,&nbsp;Tiago M. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Vinicius B.F. Costa ,&nbsp;Walmir Freitas ,&nbsp;Luiz C.P. Silva ,&nbsp;Fernanda C.T. Arioli ,&nbsp;Tiago R. Ricciardi ,&nbsp;Madson C. de Almeida ,&nbsp;Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi ,&nbsp;Marcelo S. Castro ,&nbsp;Hildo Guillardi Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to public data from the 2019 Distributor's Geographic Database (BDGD), the Brazilian public sector consumes 41.0 TWh of electricity per year, implying R$ 24.2 billion (US$ 4.8 billion) in expenses. The current business model is traditional, that is, the public sector exclusively purchases electricity from distribution companies at fixed rates. However, the electric sector business model has become outdated by the development of renewable distributed generation sources, energy storage systems, and competitive retail electricity markets. In this context of grid-edge technologies, where decarbonization, digitalization, and decentralization urgently promote energy transition, big data analytics applied to the BDGD can be useful for proposing more advanced business models for the public sector, focusing on enhancing electricity affordability, efficiency, and government sustainability. Therefore, this study contributes to an innovative framework called BDA4ES (Big Data Analytics for Energy Sustainability) by (i) creating a methodology that enables researchers to access the BDGD, process the data, and add complementary data, and (ii) conducting a thorough evaluation of investment opportunities in photovoltaic (PV) generation to make the Brazilian public sector more sustainable (financial, social, and environmental). Preliminary results demonstrate that by investing in PV generation, the Brazilian public sector could save R$ 476 billion (US$ 95 billion) over 25 years, representing a return on investment of 366 %, thus avoiding 46.2 Mt CO₂-eq of global warming potential (GWP), representing 3.4 % per year of the annual Brazilian carbon footprint on electricity generation. Moreover, when assuming an interest rate of 4.4 % (2019 average Brazilian basic interest rate – SELIC) the discounted payback time is 6.3 years (again, between 1 and 2 political mandate of 4 years), and the Net Present Value (NPV) is R$ 233 billion (US$46.5 billion) over 25 years. From this perspective, considering the overall socieconomical, environmental and political benefits, it becomes evident the public sector energy sustainability project's potential. The conventional optimized tariff model (TAROT) indicates that such a project would imply regulatory tariff increases up to 2.52 %, which is not particularly worrisome. Therefore, the results demonstrate the economic, social, and environmental viability of deploying PV systems to supply green electricity to the public sector, thereby enabling sustainable cities. Although the analyses focused on the public sector and PV generation, the proposed methodology can be used to conduct several distinct studies on energy sustainability for corporate and government social responsibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the regulatory gap: A policy review of extended producer responsibility for power battery recycling in China","authors":"Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Qingyun Jiang ,&nbsp;Junxian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of electric vehicles in China is continuously increasing, leading to the issue of retired power batteries recycling. According to the degree of end-of-life (EOL), the recycling of power batteries can be divided into cascading utilization and material recycling. As the number of retired power batteries rising each year, effective recycling paths for power batteries are urgently needed to achieve sustainable development, protect the environment, and reduce carbon emissions. Currently, the legal framework for the recycling of electric vehicle power batteries in China needs further enhancement, especially in the implementation of the extended producer responsibility (EPR). This includes clarifying the rights and obligations of responsible parties, particularly the financial responsibilities, clarifying the information collection and reporting system, and promoting incentive mechanisms. In this process, experiences from the European Union in managing waste batteries can be drawn upon to further improve China's legal system for power batteries recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vernacular architecture in enhancing the environmental sustainability of the building sector","authors":"Ajay Kumar K.C. ,&nbsp;Brijesh Mainali ,&nbsp;Anish Ghimire ,&nbsp;Bikash Adhikari ,&nbsp;Sunil Prasad Lohani ,&nbsp;Bivek Baral","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nepal's rapid urbanization, rural-to-urban transition, and economic growth have driven a major shift in building construction, moving from traditional methods using brick, stone, mud, and wood to contemporary Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) buildings. This transition in building construction practice raises critical questions about changes in the building life cycle energy use and emission. So, the study aimed to assess the life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions (CO₂-eq.) of the typical traditional building types in Nepal namely: attached brick houses (ABH), isolated brick houses (IBH), and isolated stone houses (ISH).</div><div>The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Nepalese traditional building shows that the life cycle energy use of traditional buildings ranges from 3573 to 5864 MJ/m², with emissions between 438 and 681 kgCO₂-eq/m²—substantially lower than RCC counterparts. A crucial factor is the use of biogenic materials in traditional buildings, which can sequester −126 to −185.5 kgCO₂-eq/m² during their lifecycle, offering a natural mechanism for reducing carbon emissions. In Nepal, where the energy mix is predominantly hydropower and residential buildings have minimal operational energy demands due to limited space heating and cooling provision, embodied carbon becomes a decisive factor in evaluating the environmental impact of construction. Traditional building practices present a compelling strategy for reducing embodied energy and emissions, thereby supporting sustainable development. The study highlights the importance of leveraging traditional building methods to create a low-carbon future, particularly in contexts like Nepal where renewable energy resources and low operational energy needs align with the advantages of biogenic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use and impacts of an ethanol cooking fuel promotion pilot in Dar es Salaam","authors":"Wenrui Qu ,&nbsp;Remidius Ruhinduka ,&nbsp;Maggie L. Clark ,&nbsp;Megan Benka-Coker ,&nbsp;Ashlinn Quinn ,&nbsp;Harry Stokes ,&nbsp;Wubshet Tadele ,&nbsp;Marc Jeuland","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esd.2025.101692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring access to affordable and clean energy resources (as articulated in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7) is critical to achieving a range of human development outcomes. Numerous studies have examined how clean cooking technology can, under the right circumstances, reduce household air pollution and shift household time use. Yet, empirical research on the adoption and impacts of bioethanol, an emerging clean cooking fuel that is frequently promoted in policy dialogues, remains limited and largely descriptive. Thus, this paper evaluates the effects of a large-scale, UNIDO/GEF-sponsored ethanol promotion program implemented in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. To mitigate against bias from non-random selection into ethanol stove ownership and confounding by observable factors that may influence the outcomes of ethanol stove adoption, we apply multiple regression and matching methods to analyze survey data collected from 844 households. We document increases in cooking time with ethanol fuel and primary use of ethanol stoves, indicating that this technology was taken up by targeted households. Yet, no clear health improvements or net time savings result among these households. This is likely due to the continued use of charcoal stoves and insufficiently robust stoves, which dampen cooking time savings and air pollution reductions, and a weak ethanol fuel supply chain to convenient retail outlets, with implications for fuel collection time. Improvement in technology and program design and implementation, focusing on user experiences and convenience aspects, is necessary to achieve better outcomes and deliver tangible economic benefits to households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49209,"journal":{"name":"Energy for Sustainable Development","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}