Investigating social sustainability in Philippine electrification policies through qualitative content analysis

The Philippines continues to face challenges in achieving full electrification while ensuring sustainability. Although recent policies such as the Renewable Energy Act and the Microgrid Systems Act reflect efforts to achieve full electrification, the extent to which social sustainability is integrated into these policies remains unclear. Recognizing this gap, this study examines the extent to which social sustainability is integrated in Philippine energy policies focused on rural electrification. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA), the study systematically analyzed relevant laws and guidelines issued by government agencies. A set of codes corresponding to social sustainability categories was applied to identify patterns and potential gaps. Key findings reveal six prominent social sustainability categories, including energy access (emphasizing full electrification); socio-economic benefits and employment (highlighting financial benefits and affordable electricity); involvement and governance (enhancing stakeholder participation in policy decisions); social development, well-being, and quality of life (addressing environmental concerns); social equity (focusing on distributive and procedural aspects); and health and safety (prioritizing public health and pollution mitigation). Underrepresented categories, such as social acceptance, gender, human rights, and education, indicate policy gaps that warrant further integration. This study advances theory by introducing a coding framework that identifies social sustainability dimensions from national energy policies. It also offers practical value by providing empirical insights to enhance policy inclusivity and a transferable approach for similar assessments in other national contexts, particularly in developing countries.