Journal of Foot and Ankle Research最新文献

{"title":"Plantar Fasciitis Research: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2010-2024.","authors":"Baoqiang Xu, Guanghui Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Plantar fasciitis is a common degenerative foot disease that significantly impairs quality of life. The disease is characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis, diverse intervention strategies, and heterogeneous therapeutic effects. Despite extensive research findings, the fragmented nature of these results hinders a comprehensive understanding of the field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a bibliometric approach to analyze the literature data obtained from the Web of Science database over the past 15 years. The aim was to explore the knowledge structure, research trends, and collaborative features of this field from a quantitative perspective using bibliometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a fluctuating trend in publications within the field, with the United States, Harvard Medical School, and Karl B. Landorf leading the research output and collaboration. Foot and Ankle International emerged as the most prolific and frequently cited journal in this domain. The research hotspots in this field primarily focus on \"plantar fasciitis,\" \"heel pain,\" and \"extracorporeal shock wave therapy.\" Meanwhile, \"shear wave elastography,\" \"plantar fascia thickness,\" \"systematic review,\" and \"musculoskeletal disease\" represent the research trends in this field. In addition, this study identifies the literature that has had a significant impact on the field.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By organizing the entire research field of plantar fasciitis, this study provides decision support for future clinical practice and scientific research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Consensus Statement: Perioperative Management of Prothrombotics, Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, DMARDs and Biologics in Elective Podiatric Surgery.","authors":"Jade Tang, Lesley Posmyk, James Cowden, Richard Lang, Helen Milnes, Lorna Donson","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A substantial body of literature exists on the perioperative management of pharmacological agents specifically prothrombotic agents, antiplatelets, anticoagulants and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) aimed at mitigating risks associated with both the medications themselves and the comorbidities they treat. However, a clear and consistent consensus on best practice is either lacking or poorly defined especially in foot surgery. To address this gap, a working group of podiatric surgeons convened to develop a Clinical Consensus Statement (CCS) for the perioperative management of these drugs in foot and ankle surgery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A five-member panel identified four key areas of interest: prothrombotic agents, antiplatelets, anticoagulants and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. They conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess the available data and identify evidence gaps, ultimately formulating nineteen questions grouped within these areas using a modified Delphi method. These questions were presented to delegates at the 2022 Faculty of Podiatric Surgery (FoPS) Conference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recommendations from the clinical consensus statement are summarised in Appendix 1 highlighting the strength of each recommendation. Although more high-level evidence is needed to inform decision-making in this area, this consensus statement has utilised the available evidence base and reflects current practice. Rather than providing a definitive guideline, it provides valuable interim guidance for elective foot surgery, however, does not replace local trust policies and guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of First Metatarsophalangeal Osteoarthritis on Plantar Pressures Across Multiple Activities.","authors":"Scott Telfer, Corey Wukelic, Nicholas Entress, William R Ledoux","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ1) is one of the sites most often affected by osteoarthritis (OA). The condition contributes to activity restrictions and reduced quality of life along with biomechanical changes that affect the joint and beyond. Despite this, previous studies have presented limited evidence of alterations in plantar pressures during level walking. In this case-control study, we hypothesized that activities that may stress the joint to a greater extent than standard gait may reveal greater differences in plantar pressures between those with MTPJ1 OA and healthy feet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with MTPJ1 OA (n = 22) and matched controls (n = 21) were recruited for this study. All were asked to perform four activities while plantar pressures were measured: standing, walking, stair ascent, and heel raise. Analysis of discrete pressure variables at anatomical regions and statistical parametric mapping was used to determine if there were significant differences in pressures between MTPJ1 OA and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences were found for discrete variables across the activities, however, statistical parametric mapping revealed differences for the MTPJ1 OA group, including reduced loading under the distal first metatarsal head (60%-80% of stance), increased midfoot pressures at 70%-80% of stair ascent, and decreased lateral forefoot pressure during heel raise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MTPJ1 OA is associated with limited changes in plantar pressures across different activities. These regions of difference may be targeted by interventions such as foot orthotics as part of a personalized treatment program.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV, case control study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot Progression Angle Modulates Three-Dimensional Lower-Limb Biomechanics in Flexible Flatfoot: Kinematic-Kinetic Patterns and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Linxiao Shen, Dong Sun, Yufei Fang, Zhenghui Lu, Xin Li, Yufan Xu, Yang Song, Chengyuan Zhu, Xuanzhen Cen, Gusztáv Fekete, Monèm Jemni, Yaodong Gu","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foot progression angle affects gait and lowerlimb alignment. Altered angles may increase knee and ankle loading and produce tissue loading patterns previously linked to musculoskeletal injury. This study investigates how different foot progression angles modify knee and ankle biomechanics in young adults with flexible flatfoot.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>28 participants (aged 18-35 years) with flexible flatfoot completed gait trials under three foot progression angle conditions. Kinematic and kinetic variables were analyzed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. A 1D convolutional neural network was applied to classify progression angle patterns based on flexible flatfoot severity and gait biomechanics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Decreasing foot progression angle reduced the ankle eversion/inversion range and knee abduction and external rotation (p < 0.05). Increasing foot progression angle lowered early stance ankle plantarflexion and increased knee abduction/external rotation (p < 0.05). Kinetically, a smaller foot progression angle reduced peak ankle plantarflexion moment and knee extension moment but increased the first peak of the knee adduction moment and rotational moment fluctuations (p < 0.05). A larger foot progression angle reduced rotational fluctuations and terminal stance knee extension moment (p < 0.05). The convolutional neural network model was most accurate for moderate flexible flatfoot cases, and ankle coronal and knee transverse biomechanics showed the strongest discriminative power.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modifying the foot progression angle can meaningfully alter knee and ankle loading in young adults with flexible flatfoot. Neutral or mild toe-in angles may help mitigate excessive eversion and rotational stress, suggesting a simple noninvasive adjustment that clinicians can incorporate during gait retraining or orthotic prescription. Because biomechanical responses vary across individuals, FPA modification may be the most effective when tailored to patient-specific gait characteristics. In addition, deep-learning-based gait classification shows promise for supporting personalized monitoring and guiding clinical decision-making during rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Step-Down Tasks Reveal Altered Lower Limb Biomechanics in Chronic Ankle Instability.","authors":"Nader Farahpour, Usef Mohammadi Yaghoubi, Shawn Robbins, Paul Allard, Gabriel Moisan","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate knowledge about biomechanical alterations in chronic ankle instability (CAI) during dynamic movements may inform rehabilitation strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify movement patterns associated with CAI injury during a step-down task.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventeen participants with CAI and 17 healthy controls performed a step-down task from heights of 20 and 40 cm. Lower limb joint angles, range of motion (ROM), moments, and power were measured. The one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM) test compared groups across the entire task (0%-100%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 20 cm height, the CAI group exhibited greater hip abduction angles (0%-2%, p = 0.024 and 21%-77%, p = 0.014) but smaller hip abduction (7%-13%, 19%-20%, and 47%-64% (p < 0.05)), hip external rotation (8%-12% and p = 0.04), knee abduction (7%-30%, p = 0.001 and 49%-53%, p = 0.024), and ankle external rotation moments (7%-42% and p = 0.001). At 40 cm height, the CAI group showed greater hip abduction (44%-100% and p = 0.005), reduced ankle eversion (4%-12% and p = 0.012) angles, and smaller hip abduction, hip external rotation, knee abduction, ankle plantarflexion, and external rotation moments (all p < 0.05). No between-group differences were observed for the ROMs and power (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAI individuals exhibited greater hip abduction, less ankle eversion, and smaller muscle moments, which are associated with an increased risk of injury. Rehabilitation should emphasize strengthening the hip muscles to mitigate the risk of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12788985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Statistical Shape Modeling Analysis of Three-Dimensional Foot Alignment in Female Patients With Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity.","authors":"Takuma Miyamoto, Rich J Lisonbee, Kassidy Knutson, Hiroaki Kurokawa, Akira Taniguchi, Yasuhito Tanaka, Amy L Lenz","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is a complex condition characterized by multiple combined deformities, with a higher reported prevalence in women. Most studies of PCFD morphology have focused on single joints and evaluated both sexes together, leaving the interrelationship of multiple joints in females specifically unassessed. In this study, we developed a multi-domain statistical shape model (SSM) from reconstructions of simulated weight-bearing computed tomography (SW-CT) image data to investigate variations in 3D foot alignment in women by comparing the morphology of patients with PCFD to that of their asymptomatic control counterparts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an SSM to analyze the 3D alignment in the foot, including the distal tibia, distal fibula, talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and each of the cuneiforms and metatarsal bones. Model results were compared between 23 female patients with PCFD and 23 female asymptomatic individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the Chopart, subtalar, and Lisfranc joints were dorsiflexed and abducted, the Chopart and subtalar joints were inverted whereas the Lisfranc joint was everted, indicating that deformity of the Lisfranc joint occurred in the opposite direction to that of the subtalar and Chopart joints.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of a multi-domain SSM from SW-CT to evaluate alignment deformities in patients with PCFD represents a new and novel approach to understanding the pathophysiology of this condition. In PCFD, the subtalar and Chopart joints showed coordinated changes, whereas the Lisfranc joint demonstrated variation in the opposite direction. Also, the talonavicular joint spreads out medially in a fan-like direction in PCFD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12932315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Learning Experiences of Non-Medical Prescribing Among Podiatry Students on Clinical Placement.","authors":"Stephanie Haines, Hamna M Khan, Sophia T Pano, Simon Otter, Kim Holmes, Kate Carter","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endorsement for scheduled medicines has been available to Australian podiatrists for over a decade. However, uptake and prescribing rates remain low. A key barrier is the limited number of endorsed prescribers, which restricts access to mentorship opportunities for podiatrists seeking endorsement. While existing literature explores practicing podiatrists' perspectives on endorsement, the views of students regarding prescribing remain underrepresented. This study aimed to explore final-year podiatry students' experiences with non-medical prescribing during clinical placements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study purposively recruited final-year podiatry students from the University of Western Australia. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore participants' experiences of non-medical prescribing during clinical placements, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using constant comparative analysis until data saturation was reached. Data recorded prior to interview included demographic information, academic characteristics were determined using self-reported questionnaires to describe motivation, self-efficacy and mental wellbeing and clinical logbook records were retrospectively reviewed for data on prescribing encounters recorded by students during clinical placements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen participants aged between 23 and 46 years were recruited. Retrospective clinical logs showed that 631 of 7613 cases (8.3%) involved prescription of a scheduled medicine, with most prescribing opportunities occurring in public health settings. Six global themes relating to prescribing experiences emerged: limited exposure, confidence, learning experiences, proposed improvements, pursuit of endorsement and future career impacts. Relationships between themes were developed based on key concepts, particularly scarcity of endorsed prescribers, and limited amount and variety of prescribing encounters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that although podiatry students experienced limited exposure to endorsed prescribing and low self-confidence in prescribing ability, they continued to see value in non-medical prescribing with a willingness to pursue endorsement in the future. Future implications to address limited student exposure to prescribing due to shortage of endorsed podiatrists may facilitate the uptake of endorsement for scheduled medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'No Foot, No Future': Lived Experiences of Foot Health and Care Access Among Rough-Sleeping Adults in a UK Coastal Community-A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Joanna Bower, Joanne Paton","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People experiencing homelessness face profound barriers in accessing healthcare, particularly preventive services such as foot care. Globally, rough sleepers are vulnerable to foot-related morbidity due to prolonged exposure, inadequate footwear and poor hygiene access. Despite this, foot health remains an under-researched aspect of homelessness.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the lived experiences of rough-sleeping adults in the United Kingdom in relation to foot health, self-care practices and access to podiatric services, and to understand how these experiences influence their overall health and well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to investigate the narratives of seven adults (five men and two women, aged between 30 and 62, all identifying as White British) who were sleeping rough in an urban UK setting. Semistructured interviews were conducted at a community drop-in centre. The consequent transcripts were analyzed thematically, focusing on participants' interpretations of foot health, access to care and coping within the context of homelessness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes were identified: foot care as survival, normalisation of foot health problems, barriers to foot care access and the charity sector as a lifeline. Participants reported widespread foot problems, including chronic pain, infections and poor nail health. Barriers to care included stigma, distrust of medical professionals, inflexible services and competing survival priorities. Lack of access to basic hygiene and footwear exacerbated foot health issues. In contrast, charitable services offering podiatry were described as vital sources of support and dignity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Foot health is integral to the mobility, independence and psychosocial well-being of people experiencing homelessness. Findings highlight the need for flexible, outreach-oriented and stigma-informed approaches to podiatric care. Charitable models offer transferable insights for statutory and community services seeking to improve equitable access to foot care for socially marginalised populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting Podiatric Medicine Education Through Tailored Work Allocation Models.","authors":"A Coda, A Fellas, C Escalona-Marfil, X Ruiz-Tarrazo, X Ortas, X Girones, F Hawke","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary explores the necessity of tailored work allocation models in podiatric medicine education to meet the unique demands of clinical programmes. It highlights the importance of maintaining optimal student-to-staff ratios, the impact on student development, programme reputation and addressing the national workforce shortage in podiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12932302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Star Excursion Balance Test Performance in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Participant-Level Analysis.","authors":"Lauren Forsyth, Jeffrey Simpson, Fereshteh Pourkazemi, Danielle M Torp, Christopher Burcal, Rachel M Koldenhoven, Luke Donovan, Abbis Jaffri, Saeed Al Adal, Andrew Mitchell, Craig R Childs","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For 1 in 5 individuals, an initial ankle sprain results in chronic ankle instability (CAI). Research is inconclusive as to whether individuals with CAI display decreased stability performance. This study conducted a participant-level analysis to determine normative values for modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) performance in a CAI population.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Participant-level analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten datasets of mSEBT data were combined and participants categorised into one of three groups: individuals with CAI, Copers and Healthy participants. Maximal reach distances were analysed in the anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL), posteromedial (PM) and composite (COMP) directions. The CAI and Healthy groups were sub-categorised into 4 groups depending on the stance position and whether the average or best scores were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final pooled data consisted of 429 participants (202 CAI; 181 Healthy; 46 Coper). The 4 CAI sub-groups recorded a mean reach of 66.53%-76.42% (ANT), 54.67%-87.16% (PM), 44.55%-83.01% (PL) and 55.25%-82.19% (COMP). Smaller reach distances were reported in Group 1's ANT, PL and COMP reaches and Group 2's ANT reach (p < 0.05) compared to the Healthy group. Copers exceeded CAI and Healthy reaches for all reaches. Reach distances in the ANT direction were generally the smallest for the CAI group and ANT and PL directions for the Healthy and Coper groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced mSEBT reach was performed in specific directions for specific sub-groups only for the CAI population compared to both Healthy and Coper. The normative data can inform clinical practice and aid decision-making regarding dynamic balance for assessment and rehabilitation purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12779527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}