Journal of Foot and Ankle Research最新文献

{"title":"Postoperative Dressing Regimens in Nail Surgeries: A Scoping Review.","authors":"David Yousry Foad Isaac Wassef, Zainab Al-Modhefer, Kym Hennessy","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toenail surgeries are one of the most common surgeries performed on the lower limb with many common postoperative complications, including prolonged healing time, infection and prolonged exudation. There is a wide variety of dressings designed to reduce the rate of postoperative complications and improve healing. The efficacy of dressings for improving postoperative healing in toenail surgeries is still unknown. There is no consensus on the correct dressing regimen and a low number of studies into the subject. This review aimed to assess the current literature to determine the most efficacious postoperative dressing regimens following toenail surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane library and SCOPUS from database creation to June 2025. Quantitative studies which applied any postoperative dressing regimen to any patient undergoing any form of toenail surgery and attributed the postoperative outcome to the dressing were deemed eligible for inclusion. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies had 27 dressing regimens across 15 outcome measures. Outcome measures investigated were as follows: pain, healing rate, time of exudate, inflammation, infection rate, bleeding, size of exudate, type of exudate, soothing effect, nail area preservation, time until normal shoe wear, satisfaction rate, time until full function, ease of removal by dressing type and ease of dressing removal by surgery type. Overall, no outcome measure had high quality evidence supporting use, suggesting no dressing was superior to others for any of the outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collation of similar outcome measures was not possible due to the variability in outcome measures, and a lack of high-quality studies investigating the efficacy of specific dressing regimens for the reduction of postoperative complications or improving postoperative healing meant specific conclusions could not be formed. However, a consensus in the included articles was that primary dressings were more likely to impact postoperative outcomes when compared to secondary dressings. Further high-quality research investigating the efficacy of postoperative dressing regimens in nail surgery are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12823457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Structural Associations of Disability and Gait Performance in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Remission and Metatarsal Pain.","authors":"Rebeca Bueno Fermoso, Rosario Morales Lozano, Carmen Martínez Rincón, Pablo García Fernández, Juan Miguel López González, Maria Luz González Fernández","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may continue to experience foot-related disability despite clinical remission. Foot involvement is associated with self-reported disability and objective gait alterations. Foot involvement is heterogeneous; studying patients with localised forefoot pain may help clarify which structural and inflammatory factors are associated with functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify clinical, structural and imaging factors associated with disability and gait performance in patients with RA in clinical remission with metatarsal-region forefoot pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study of 81 patients with RA in remission with metatarsal-region forefoot pain. Outcomes were Foot Function Index disability and activity limitation (FFI-D and FFI-AL), gait velocity (GV) and double-support time (DS). Associations were examined using Spearman correlations, age- and BMI-adjusted individual linear regression, parsimonious multivariable linear regression and exploratory cluster analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (SD) FFI-D and FFI-AL were 29.8 (29.4) and 29.1 (27.7); gait velocity (GV) was 0.90 (0.34) m/s and double-support time (DS) was 22.9 (8.2)% of the gait cycle. In bivariate and age/BMI-adjusted analyses, graded structural measures showed more consistent associations with disability and gait outcomes than dichotomous/count variables. In parsimonious models, disability (FFI-D/FFI-AL) was independently associated with pain intensity (VAS) and first metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness/limited dorsiflexion (1stMTP), whereas gait performance was mainly associated with age/BMI, greater graded forefoot structural severity and 1stMTP. Cluster analysis identified a higher grey-scale synovitis (GS)/lower structural-burden group and a lower GS/higher structural-burden group, with worse function and slower gait in the latter.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In RA remission with metatarsal-region forefoot pain, perceived disability is mainly associated with pain and forefoot stiffness, whereas gait performance is more closely related to age/BMI and graded forefoot structural severity. These findings support severity-based region-specific structural assessment alongside pain evaluation in clinical follow-up, to avoid underestimating the independent contribution of structural damage to function and gait.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working Right Ways in Foot Health With and for First Nations Peoples: Research Method Guided and Governed by First Nations Ways of Knowing, Being, and Doing in Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study Design.","authors":"James Gerrard, Shirley Godwin Badimaya Yamatji, Kim Whiteley Wiradjuri, James Charles Kaurna, Sean Sadler, Vivienne Chuter","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Underpinning ongoing colonisation of the lands now known as Australia, scientific racism in colonial research delivered flawed results by building Indigenous inferiority into methodology to produce dehumanising conclusions of First Nations Peoples. Scientific racism facilitated exclusion of First Nations Peoples from systems design and development; foregrounding ways exclusive and enforced colonial health systems cause First Nations health and wellbeing inequality. Inequities in foot health contribute to this inequality. This work describes and documents a process of First Nations-led authentic co-design for foot health research. This study represents ways and means to develop culturally responsive foot health research as judged by First Nations Peoples which will translate into improved and more responsive ways of delivering foot care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Non-Indigenous and First Nations Peoples sought authentic First Nations-led co-design process in foot health research methods, a governing First Nations Advisory Group, and broader First Nations governance and ethics approvals. Indigenous methodology, data sovereignty, and redistribution of power were imperative in ways of working. First Nations-led co-design developed culturally responsive semi-structured interviews to collect data. Talking with 10 registered health practitioners who work closely with lower limb and foot health represented the right mix of participants and enough data to convey a more complicated mosaic of multi-faceted stories. First Nations expertise informed analytic induction and the use of inductive reasoning and constant comparison to identify common and overarching themes, and to perform thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Authentic First Nations-led ways of working in cross-sectional qualitative study design are documented. Results of data analysis following these ways of working will be published subsequently.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work provides insights into working right ways in research which will underpin good foot health services with and for First Nations Peoples. The paper highlights ways of working that empowers First Nations Peoples in authentic co-design. First Nations-led foot health research changes ways of working to counter inequities in foot health caused and maintained by ongoing colonisation and systemic racism. This study provides qualified voiced lived experience which foot health researchers must listen to and receive learning and direction from.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12929027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Preoperative Anxiety and Associated Factors in Hallux Valgus Surgery.","authors":"Pedro C Ramírez-Navarro, David Rodríguez-Sanz, Jorge Velázquez-Saornil, Alberto Sardón Iribarnegaray, Bernardino Basas-García, Mario Suárez-Ortiz, Santiago Nieto-Farrán, Edurne Nieto-Sanmartín","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preoperative anxiety is that which is motivated by the emotional and physical stressors inherent in a surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to assess preoperative anxiety as well as the associated sociodemographic and surgical factors in the context of a common foot surgery procedure, such as surgery for the correction of hallux valgus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 80 patients using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) during the preoperative consultation to determine the level of anxiety and information among patients undergoing osteoarticular surgery for the correction of hallux valgus. Additionally, a questionnaire was used to gather information on other variables such as age, gender, type of surgery, and surgical history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36.3% of the participants experienced preoperative anxiety. Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery had lower levels of preoperative anxiety compared to those undergoing conventional surgery (p = 0.006). 81.3% of the patients requested additional information about the surgical procedure, which was correlated with the level of anxiety with patients who requested additional information being 5.57 times more likely to experience preoperative anxiety (p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in anxiety levels between men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of preoperative anxiety and the demand for information were high among the participants in this study. The patient's demand for information is a predictive factor of preoperative anxiety. Other factors, such as knowing the surgeon or having undergone previous surgery, acted as protective factors against preoperative anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146259898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding Data Integrity in Online Podiatry Research: Understanding and Managing Non-Genuine Participation.","authors":"Will Gurr, Michael McDougall, Abigail O'Brien, Kate Carter","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Online research methods have become increasingly common in podiatry, offering efficient, low cost and convenient data collection. Emerging evidence from online studies suggests that the integrity of online research is being compromised by participants who are not genuine: for example, they may not have the relevant health condition they are claiming to have or they may not be taking the trial medication as instructed. In health research, the consequences of non-genuine participants are significant, including unreliable data, wasted time and funding, researcher distress, loss of participant trust and, in some cases, cancelled projects. Growing awareness of fraudulent participation and reports of these challenges highlights the need for structured approaches designed to safeguard data integrity and the trustworthiness of results. In the United Kingdom, the University of Nottingham has recently published practical guidance for researchers and ethics committees on handling potential non-genuine participants. The aim of this commentary is to raise awareness of the risks posed by non-genuine participation in online research and to provide a summary of the recently published practical strategies for researchers to safeguard the integrity of their data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12949622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Immediate Effects of Vibrotexture Shoe Insoles on Quiet Standing Balance and Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Healthy Young Adults.","authors":"Megan Trotman, Avni Hurkat, Kylie Tucker, Thomas Cattagni, Anna L Hatton","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Shoe insoles that provide a single source of plantar sensory stimulus, such as texture or vibration, can improve measures of standing balance. Vibrotexture insoles, designed to provide multiple sources of sensory stimuli, may provide greater benefits. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of wearing Vibrotexture insoles on quiet standing balance and lower limb muscle activity in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty healthy young adults (16 males, 23.6 ± 3.9 years) performed standing balance tests (eyes open/closed, firm/foam surface) wearing four different insoles (vibrotexture, textured, vibrating, and control) within standardized shoes. Balance outcomes included center of pressure (COP) velocity, COP anteroposterior and mediolateral (ML) path length and range. Lower limb muscle amplitude was examined using electromyography at the medial gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus longus, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius (dominant leg). Perceived insole comfort and user experience was reported. One-way Friedman tests were used to compare differences between insoles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the primary aim of interest, there were no differences in balance measures or muscle activity between the vibrotexture insoles and other insole conditions. Exploratory secondary analyses revealed that COP ML path length was less while wearing the textured compared to vibrating insoles (eyes open, firm surface) (p = 0.022), and rectus femoris muscle amplitude was less while wearing the textured compared to control insoles (eyes open, foam surface) (p = 0.027). The vibrotexture insoles were perceived as less comfortable than the control insoles (p < 0.013). Participants commonly reported the sensory-stimulating insoles to feel \"spiky\", \"tingly\", or \"rough\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wearing vibrotexture insoles for the first time does not appear to alter standing balance in young adults. However, textured insoles do alter COP ML path length and rectus femoris amplitude. These findings highlight the need to investigate vibrotexture insoles in more dynamic tasks and in populations with reduced foot sensation, where their effects may be more pronounced.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Australian Podiatry Research: A Bibliometric Review.","authors":"Peta Tehan, Ameer Nor Azhar, Helen Banwell, Shan Bergin, James Charles, Fiona Hawke, Malia Ho, Sheree Hurn, Michelle Kaminski, Polly Lim, Saraid Martin, Hylton B Menz, John Osborne, Benjamin Peterson, Dean Samaras, Cylie Williams, Matthew R Carroll","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Podiatrists are the primary health professionals associated with assessment, diagnosis and management of lower limb problems. Research is critical in informing evidence-based practice. As part of a national research priorities project, this bibliometric review aimed to map all Australian podiatry-relevant research from 1970 to 2024 and explore volume over time, authors, institutions, level of evidence, funding sources and categories of research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Podiatry-relevant research was categorised into 10 streams: dermatology, diabetes-related foot disease, gerontology, musculoskeletal and sports, paediatrics, rheumatology, surgery, workforce and education, First Nations foot health and neurological and vascular disease. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in each stream up until December 2024. Meta-data from Scopus were analysed in Biblioshiny, where publications volume, authors, institutions, journals and collaborations were described. Each publication was also categorised for level of evidence using the National Health and Medical Research Council criteria, research type using the United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration Health Research Classification System and funding source using Higher Education Research Data Collection specifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1641 publications were included across all research streams. Steady increases in publication volume occurred over the past 20 years, with diabetes-related foot disease yielding the highest volume (n = 335), followed by musculoskeletal (n = 308) and paediatrics (n = 280). Musculoskeletal and sports research demonstrated the highest proportion of level I evidence (22%), whereas most streams were dominated by level IV evidence. The majority of research across all streams received no funding support, ranging from 32% unfunded in First Nations foot health research to 87% in surgical research. Rheumatology achieved the highest proportion of competitive funding (47% Category 1). The most frequent research categories were aetiology, detection and screening and evaluation of treatments. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Research was the most frequent publication source, with 140 (8%) of total publications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Australian podiatry-relevant research has grown substantially, particularly over the past 2 decades. However, significant disparities exist in volume, evidence quality and funding across different streams, with most research conducted without external funding support, highlighting the need for strategic investment to enhance evidence generation in key areas of podiatry practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Corticosteroid Injections in Plantar Fasciitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ruaa Mustafa Qafesha, Hammam Anas Ishreiteh, Adli Luay Nassourah, Omar Islam Tawil, Doaa Mashaly","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common cause of heel pain that affects the health-related quality of life of many individuals and has various treatment options. Two effective interventions are corticosteroid (CS) injections and dextrose prolotherapy (DP). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of DP and CS in patients with PF systematically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant studies, including those comparing DP and CS for treating PF, were identified by searching electronic databases until August 2025. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, foot function index (FFI), and plantar fascia thickness (PFT) were compared between the groups in the short term (0.5-1 month) and mid-term (3 months). Statistical analyses were performed via RevMan 4.5.1, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five RCTs and two cohort studies, with a total of 567 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that at the short-term follow-up (1 month), corticosteroid injections were more effective at reducing the VAS pain scores than dextrose prolotherapy for general VAS score (MD = 1.85, 95% CI [0.05, 3.64], p = 0.04), the VAS score at the first step in the morning (MD = 1.26, 95% CI [0.49, 2.02], p = 0.001), and the VAS score for pain while walking (MD = 1.85, 95% CI [0.68, 3.02], p = 0.002). Similarly, at the short-term follow-up (1 month), the analysis revealed a significantly greater reduction in the FFI score (MD = 18.81, 95% CI [0.06, 37.55]) and PFT (MD = 0.26 mm, 95% CI [0.07, 0.45]) in the CS group than in the DP group. At 3 months, the analysis revealed a significant decrease in the FFI score (p = 0.003) in the DP group compared with the CS group, whereas no significant difference was observed in the VAS scores or PFT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with plantar fasciitis, CS injections had greater efficacy than DP did in the short term; however, their efficacy became similar in the mid-term follow-up, with DP outperforming CS in terms of foot function. Further trials with standardized protocols and long-term follow-ups are needed to address potential biases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12913222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Therapy for Chronic Ankle Instability: Which Modality for Which Deficit? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jia Sheng Xu, Hui Juan Lin, Zhi Kun Li, Zi Long Wang, Chao Fan, Hui Fang Chen, Di Xie","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic ankle instability (CAI) involves heterogeneous sensorimotor deficits. Evidence comparing exercise modalities for specific deficits is limited, impeding personalised rehabilitation. To determine the relative efficacy of exercise interventions and create an evidence-based framework for deficit-specific prescription in CAI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Searches of 9 electronic databases from inception to 1 September 2025.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Randomised controlled trials comparing exercise interventions against no intervention for sensorimotor outcomes in CAI individuals.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Two reviewers independently conducted the screening, and will independently extract the data into an Excel spreadsheet. Methodological quality was assessed using PEDro criteria, and bias analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2. Sensitivity analysis and I² statistics evaluated heterogeneity. Meta-analysis summarised standard mean difference for sensorimotor indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight studies (n = 2097) were included. Of the included studies, 28 were rated as low risk of bias, 19 as unclear risk and 11 as high risk. Balance training provided comprehensive benefits, improving patient-reported function, dynamic balance, joint position sense, concentric strength and functional performance. Strength training enhanced patient-reported function, dynamic balance and concentric strength. 3D, stroboscopic and neuromuscular training improved patient-reported function and dynamic balance; stroboscopic training also benefited joint position sense. Vibration training improved only dynamic balance. No interventions significantly improved force sense or eccentric strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise modalities have distinct efficacy profiles in CAI. Balance training is foundational, but therapy can be personalised by framework optimises management.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024606683).</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12953057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Normative Values for the Supination Resistance Test: An International Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Gabriel Moisan, Pier-Luc Isabelle, Álvaro Gómez Carrión, Dominic Chicoine, Nader Farahpour, Ian Griffiths, Ahmed Dami, Jose Manuel Reguera Medina, Sean McBride","doi":"10.1002/jfa2.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jfa2.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The supination resistance test quantifies the force required to supinate the foot and ankle. Although it demonstrates good to excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability and shows potential for predicting foot and ankle biomechanics during walking, assessing the biomechanical effects of foot orthoses, and distinguishing between healthy and pathological conditions, the supination resistance test remains underutilised in both clinical and research settings due to the lack of normative reference values. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to establish international normative values for the supination resistance test based on age and sex. A secondary objective was to compare supination resistance across age groups and between sexes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this international cross-sectional study, supination resistance was measured in 1198 healthy participants aged 18 years and older from North America, the Middle East, and Europe. Supination resistance was compared across age decades and between sexes using a two-way analysis of covariance, with body mass included as a covariate. Correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination were calculated to examine the relationships between supination resistance, body mass, and the Foot Posture Index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supination resistance was greater in males than in females during the 3rd to 5th and 9th decades of life. In males, it increased from the 3rd to the 5th decade and then progressively declined. In females, it increased from the 3rd to the 6th decade, remained stable through the 7th decade, and then dropped sharply. Body mass accounted for 18.1% of the variance in supination resistance, whereas the Foot Posture Index accounted for only 0.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The international clinical reference values established for the supination resistance test, stratified by age and sex, carry important clinical implications and may support clinicians in screening, monitoring, and managing foot and ankle musculoskeletal conditions. Future research should investigate whether deviations from these normative values represent a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal injuries and explore the relationship between restoring supination resistance to normative levels and the reduction of clinical symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"e70137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12953718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}