Contact Lens & Anterior Eye最新文献

{"title":"Accommodation and convergence with spherical and toric soft contact lenses in astigmatic eyes.","authors":"Ankur Banik, Ganashree S, Nandini Kalyankumar Hadalgi, Ashwini K V","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the accommodation and convergence in astigmatic eyes with spherical and toric contact lenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total of 50 non-contact lens wearers, aged between 18 and 30 years with -0.75 to -2.00 D of astigmatism were enrolled in a double-masked, randomized, crossover study. Participants attended three clinical visits and were fitted with Purevision 2 Sphere and Toric (Bausch and Lomb Inc, Rochester, NY) contact lenses in a randomized order. The amplitude of accommodation was measured using a push-up technique with a Royal Air Force Ruler, and the near point of convergence was assessed using a vertical row of letters attached to a pen torch. All participants completed the Near ActivityVisual Questionnaire (NAVQ) and a forced-choice lens preference test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amount of amplitude of accommodation was significantly lower with toric contact lenses (7.86 ± 0.94 D) compared to spherical contact lenses (10.6 ± 0.84 D, p < 0.001). Similarly, near point of convergence was also significantly better with toric correction than with spherical correction (10.99 ± 1.06 cm vs. 12.78 ± 1.19 cm, p < 0.001). Participants reported improved near-visual performance with toric lenses (p < 0.001), and ninety percent (45 of 50) of participants preferred toric lenses (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Astigmatic eyes showed reduced accommodative stress and improved convergence stability with toric contact lenses. This study emphasizes the importance of correcting astigmatism to optimize binocular vision and minimize visual fatigue in contact lens wearers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense pulsed light therapy to improve signs and symptoms of contact lens discomfort.","authors":"Srikanth Dumpati, Fatima Iqbal, Ajay Kumar Vijay, Jacqueline Tan, Mukesh Kumar, Mark Willcox","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effects of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy on signs and symptoms of Contact Lens Discomfort (CLD) in symptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, randomised, double masked study was conducted on 36 eyes of 18 CL wearers (IPL: n = 20; sham: n = 16) with a Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) score ≥ 12. Participants received two IPL/sham treatments at three weeks intervals as per randomization. The sham group underwent simulated light exposure using a torch while the IPL device remained inactive. Meibomian gland expression was performed for both groups after each treatment. Symptom and clinical assessments included CLDEQ-8 questionnaire, non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear volume, meibomian gland secretion score (MGSS), meiboscore (upper/lower eye lids), MG capping, pouting, foam, telangiectasia, hyperaemia (bulbar, limbal, & palpebral), palpebral roughness, corneal staining, and lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF). Assessments were evaluated prior to treatment at baseline (D-0), and then at day 21(D-21), D-42, and D-90.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IPL group showed a significant reduction in CLDEQ-8 score from 18.1 ± 1.9 at D-0 to 10.7 ± 1.1 at D-42 (p = 0.01), and improved meibomian gland secretion score (MGSS) at D-21 (p = 0.02) and D-42 (p < 0.01), MG capping, and pouting remained improved at D-90 (p < 0.01). MG foam, telangiectasia, bulbar hyperaemia and corneal staining improved significantly at D-42 (p < 0.01), but most changes diminished by D-90. The sham group showed no significant changes. No differences were observed in tear film parameters at any time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IPL therapy, effectively reduced symptoms of CLD and improved meibomian gland function, though effect diminished within 69 days after the final treatment, underscoring the need for optimized treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing scleral lens prescriptions: a comparison of algorithmic and conventional refraction and over-refraction in irregular corneas.","authors":"Rafaela S Alves-de-Carvalho, Rute J Macedo-de-Araújo, José M González-Méijome","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the accuracy and consistency of subjective refraction using conventional methods versus an algorithm-based approach in patients with primary or secondary corneal irregularities, both with and without scleral lenses (SL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen eyes of ten subjects with irregular corneas underwent non-cycloplegic refraction using (I) retinoscopy followed by conventional subjective refraction (Conventional Refraction) to achieve maximum visual acuity with the maximum positive prescription, and (II) a Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer (WAM 800) followed by an algorithm-based semi-automatic phoropter (Vision-R 800). Refraction measurements were conducted with both techniques, without and with SLs. Outcomes included spherical equivalent (M) and astigmatic components (J0 and J45), and monocular high and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Without SLs, the mean difference in the spherical equivalent between methods was -0.80 ± 1.20 D (p = 0.001). With SLs, the mean difference was -1.04 ± 0.93 D (p = 0.001). Without SLs, monocular HCVA was 0.21 ± 0.20 LogMAR (range: -0.10 to 0.76) and 0.17 ± 0.14 LogMAR (range: -0.02 to 0.60) for Conventional Refraction and V-R 800 (p = 0.162), respectively. Monocular LCVA was 0.59 ± 0.22 LogMAR (range: 0.18 to 0.96) and 0.53 ± 0.20 LogMAR (range: 0.10 to 0.92) for Conventional Refraction and V-R 800, respectively (p = 0.060). With SLs, HCVA was 0.12 ± 0.16 LogMAR (range: -0.12 to 0.50) and 0.09 ± 0.11 LogMAR (range: -0.08 to 0.26) for Conventional Refraction and V-R 800 (p = 0.272), respectively. LCVA was 0.43 ± 0.20 LogMAR (range: 0.06 to 0.90) and 0.47 ± 0.15 LogMAR (range: 0.18 to 0.88), respectively (p = 0.287).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Algorithm-based refraction method provided a more positive spherical equivalent than conventional methods, and both techniques resulted in comparable HCVA and LCVA. Algorithm-based refraction may offer an alternative for over-refraction in patients with irregular corneas during SLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of selective topical anaesthesia on the initial comfort of rigid contact lenses.","authors":"Maria Navascues-Cornago, Carole Maldonado-Codina, Michael L Read, Philip B Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The primary sensory location of contact lens discomfort remains unclear. This study utilised selective topical anaesthesia of the ocular surface to investigate if the relative contribution of different tissues to lens-related discomfort could be determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomised, subject-masked, contralateral eye pilot study involving 10 participants. Mechanical sensitivity was measured at three locations on the ocular surface (cornea, upper and lower eyelid marginal conjunctiva) using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. Following sensitivity measurements, proxymetacaine hydrochloride 0.5% was topically applied to one of the three locations in one eye whilst 0.9% saline was applied to the corresponding location in the fellow eye as a placebo. Sensitivity measurements were then repeated. A pair of rigid contact lenses was subsequently applied and comfort scores were recorded after 5 min using a 0-100 visual analogue scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity of the location anesthetised decreased significantly (all Bonferroni-adjusted p<0.006), whilst the sensitivity of the unanaesthetised remaining two locations showed no significant change (all p>0.05). There was no significant change in sensitivity following the application of saline (all p>0.05). There was no significant difference in comfort following lens application between the anaesthetic and saline for the cornea and lower lid marginal conjunctiva [LSM difference (95% CI): -3.0 (-11.3, 5.3) and 2.0 (-6.3, 10.3), respectively]. However, comfort was significantly better when the upper lid marginal conjunctiva was anaesthetised compared to saline application [12.3 (4.0, 20.6)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work has demonstrated a novel technique which can successfully selectively anaesthetise specific regions of the ocular surface. The initial comfort of rigid lenses was better when the upper lid marginal conjunctiva was anaesthetised, which supports the hypothesis that initial comfort of rigid lenses may be driven by the interaction between the lens and the upper eyelid. This work may also have significant utility for investigating discomfort in soft contact lenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the quality-of-life impacts of ocular surface disease.","authors":"Pawan Baral, Sheela Evangeline Kumaran, Fiona Stapleton, Jwu Jin Khong, Nicole Carnt, James S Wolffsohn, Konrad Pesudovs","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to explore the lived experience of adults with different types of ocular surface disease (OSD) to understand their quality of life (QoL) impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lived experiences of participants diagnosed with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (DED), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), anterior blepharitis, neuropathic corneal pain (NCP), ocular surface involvement of autoimmune disease and contact lens discomfort (CLD) were explored using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited from specialized dry eye clinics in Australia, United Kingdom, as well as online support groups. Thematic analysis of interviews was performed to identify key QoL themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-two participants participated in an in-depth interview (median age: 46 years, range 22-78). There were 16 male participants (median age: 38.5 years; range: 23-74) and 46 female participants (median age: 50 years; range 22-78). The distribution of participants by condition as follows: DED - 9, MGD - 12, anterior blepharitis - 8, NCP - 8, ocular surface involvement of autoimmune disease - 14, and CLD - 11. Thirteen major QoL themes emerged. The most significant impact observed was on the emotional wellbeing with participants describing feelings of annoyance, depression, frustration, reduced self-confidence, worry, and anxiety related to their condition. Many expressed concerns about the chronic nature of OSDs, characterised by persistent symptoms and lifelong treatment. Economic impact extended beyond direct medical expenses, affecting employment, and productivity. Participants also described difficulties with daily activities, driving and mobility. Coping strategies included adjustments to their daily routine and environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OSDs significantly impact multiple aspects of an individual's life. These findings lay the foundation for developing a comprehensive and technologically advanced patient reported outcome measure (PROM) tailored to individuals with OSDs. Addressing these QoL concerns through targeted interventions and policy updates will be crucial in enhancing patient care and optimizing disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of prolonged low-dose radiation exposure on tear function and corneal endothelial parameters in radiation workers.","authors":"Güldeniz Usta Küçükbezirci, Osman Şevki Arslan","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the effects of prolonged occupational exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (X-rays) on tear film parameters and corneal endothelial morphology among healthcare personnel, including radiology technicians and diagnostic imaging staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 144 radiation-exposed participants and 91 controls. Prolonged exposure was defined as more than 10 years, with a mean annual dose of 1.7-2.1 mSv. Participants were stratified by exposure duration into three groups: <10 years, 10-20 years, and >20 years (10-year exposures were included in the 10-20-year group). Tear film was evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer I/II tests, tear breakup time (TBUT), tear osmolarity, and Oxford grading. Corneal endothelium was assessed via specular microscopy, including cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonality (HEX), pachymetry (PACH), average cell area (AVE), and standard deviation (SD). Only one eye per participant was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean OSDI scores increased progressively across radiation-exposed groups (34, 52, and 67) compared to the control group (11) (P < 0.001) accompanied by a corresponding decline in Schirmer I values (15, 8, and 9 mm vs. control: 18 mm, P < 0.001). Tear osmolarity increased with chronic low-dose radiation exposure (303, 310, and 313 mOsm/L vs. control: 302 mOsm/L), and TBUT was shortened (6, 4, and 4 s vs. control: 14 s) (P < 0.001 for both). CD was reduced in radiation groups (2683, 2709, 2647 cells/mm² vs. control: 2830 cells/mm², P < 0.001), whereas CV, HEX, and PACH remained stable. Cornea guttata was more frequent in exposed individuals but did not correlate with annual dose, suggesting a potential stochastic or threshold effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged exposure to low-dose radiation is associated with early ocular surface changes and reduced endothelial CD, supporting the need for regular ocular monitoring in radiation-exposed workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of deep learning models for anterior segment OCT image segmentation during scleral lens wear.","authors":"Yoel Garcia Marin, David Alonso-Caneiro, Michael J Collins, Stephen J Vincent","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The accurate segmentation of corneal and contact lens boundaries in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images provides essential clinical information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sixteen different deep learning (DL) models developed to segment AS-OCT images obtained during scleral lens wear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AS-OCT images were obtained from 15 participants with normal corneas after 0 and 480 min of scleral lens wear. An experienced observer manually annotated the boundaries of interest in each image (considered the ground truth) including the anterior and posterior scleral lens surfaces, the anterior corneal epithelial surface, the anterior stromal interface, and the endothelium. Four different architectures were adapted for semantic segmentation (U-Net, U-Net++, FPN, and MA-Net) each of which was tested with five different encoders (EfficientNet-B4, DenseNet201, VGG19, ResNet34, and Xception). Following training, the segmentation performance of each model was evaluated using the Dice coefficient (measurement of the area overlap) and the mean absolute boundary error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All DL models displayed a high level of performance for classification and segmentation of the scleral contact lens and fluid reservoir (with Dice coefficients typically > 99 % and mean absolute error values of < 1 pixel). Misclassification issues arose for some models, likely linked to the lower reflectivity and homogeneity of the interface between Bowman's layer and the corneal stroma. Overall, only minor differences were observed between models, with the U-Net++/VGG19 combination displaying the best performance with an overall Dice score of 99.26 % and per class Dice scores ranging from 99.11 to 99.77 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The U-Net++/VGG19 DL model displayed the best performance for AS-OCT image segmentation during scleral lens wear based on the overall Dice coefficient. Further assessment of DL models involving the segmentation of eyes with corneal disease and altered tissue morphology during scleral lens wear is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting contact lens discomfort from meibomian gland morphology and function.","authors":"Fatima Iqbal, Eric B Papas, Fiona Stapleton, Waleed M Alghamdi, Amy Ruan, Karuna Darvesh, Lucy Nguyen, Jacqueline Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop and validate a model to predict contact lens discomfort (CLD) using features of the meibomian glands (MG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study consisted of three parts: (i) 50 meibography images from contact lens wearers and non-wearers were assessed to distinguish features of interest between the groups to develop an automated algorithm which was tested on 154 images from CLD participants (ii) A multivariable model was constructed with a separate population of 84 lens wearers using imaging features and ocular surface signs to predict Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) score (iii) The model was validated on two independent sets of images using Bland-Altman comparisons between actual and predicted CLDEQ-8 scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Part I: Intergland distance and width of the gland at the lid margin, centre and distal end were identified as features distinguishing between lens wearers and non-wearers. Part II: In univariate analysis, CLDEQ-8 scores were negatively associated with gland width at the lid margin (r = -0.52, p = 0.01) and lipid layer thickness (r = -0.40, p < 0.05) and positively associated with tear break-up time (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), MG expressibility (r = 0.35, p = 0.01), and intergland distance at the lid margin (r = 0.73, p = 0.02). The multivariable regression model accounted for 68 % (R² = 0.68, p < 0.05) of the variance in CLDEQ-8 scores. Part III: The mean difference (bias) between the predicted and actual CLDEQ-8 score was -0.1 with limits of agreement of ± 2.8 units.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Morphometric features of MG can predict CLDEQ-8 score in lens wearers with reasonable accuracy. This approach may be a suitable screening tool in early detection and to understand the natural history of CLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in vitro efficacy of ivermectin, lotilaner, lime sulfur, tea tree oil, and lemongrass oil against Demodex folliculorum.","authors":"G Demirci, S Karaman Erdur","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Excessive proliferation ofDemodex folliculorumhas been implicated in blepharitis and other inflammatory ocular conditions. Given the growing interest in safer and more effective alternatives to current treatments, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vitro acaricidal efficacy of lemongrass oil, tea tree oil (TTO), ivermectin 1%, lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% (Xdemvy), lime sulfur, and olive oil (used as a negative control) againstDemodex folliculorum.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adult Demodex folliculorum mites were isolated from eyelash samples of blepharitis patients. Lashes were epilated under slit-lamp guidance using sterile forceps. The most motile mite per slide was selected and placed under a digital light microscope (40 × ) with 20 μL of each test agent. Mite viability was recorded in real time; death was defined as the cessation of all movement for 60 s despite mechanical stimulation. Ten mites were tested per group. Survival time data were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lotilaner 0.25 % exhibited the shortest median survival time (12.0 min), followed by ivermectin 1 % (14.0 min), lemongrass oil (14.5 min), lime sulfur (22.0 min), and TTO 5 % (27.0 min). Olive oil showed minimal acaricidal activity (median: 360.0 min). Lemongrass oil achieved the fastest complete kill time, while lotilaner demonstrated the lowest median survival time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% demonstrated the shortest median survival time, followed closely by ivermectin 1% and lemongrass oil. While lemongrass achieved complete mite mortality most rapidly, lotilaner was most consistent in reducing survival time. These in vitro findings suggest that both pharmaceutical and natural agents may possess promising acaricidal activity. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore safety and clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning techniques in the diagnosis of meibomian glands related alterations from clinical indicators.","authors":"Elena Fernández-Jiménez, Elena Diz-Arias, Jose A Gomez-Pedrero, Assumpta Peral","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is no \"Gold Standard\" test that allows the diagnosis and classification of alterations and pathologies related to Meibomian glands (MG). A global evaluation of objective and subjective tests is necessary to determine the final diagnosis. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques have experienced great progress in the field of health sciences, as promising techniques for predicting pathologies from data and images. The main objective of this study has been to train ML classifiers for the classification of three groups of participants with and without MG alterations. The secondary objective was to study the precision, specificity and sensitivity of the ML classifiers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective comparative study was carried out on a total of 135 participants (control, contact lens wearers and MG pathology). Symptomatology and clinical tests were performed to evaluate the ocular surface and adnexa. The numerical data obtained from these tests were used to train ML classifiers and the top 5 were subsequently verified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accuracies greater than 76 % were obtained for the training group and greater than 79 % for the verification group, for five classifiers previously described in Matlab. Subspace KNN was the classifier with the highest accuracies, specificities and sensitivities, these being moderate-high (greater than 79 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ML algorithms can be useful for classifying groups of participants with various meibomian gland disorders using clinical data. A large number of participants is needed for reliable diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}