Contact Lens & Anterior Eye最新文献

{"title":"Designing a contact lens with atropine base using a microemulsion technique.","authors":"Md Abdullah Aziz, Furqan Maulvi, Ditixa T Desai, Rajesh Kuppusamy, Kishor Mazumder, Alex Hui, Fiona Stapleton, Mark Willcox","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myopia or near-sightedness is a global vision problem. Atropine eye drops and myopia-controlling contact lenses can help to slow down its progression, but neither is sufficient alone. The present research work was conducted to design a contact lens embedded with an atropine base within a microemulsion system. The goal was to improve the stability of atropine base and facilitate its release from the lens, preventing the rapid clearance observed with atropine eye drops.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two microemulsions, one with a pH of 7.4 and the other with a pH of 6.5, were developed using the surfactant D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), the co-surfactant polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), the emulsifier Capmul MCM C8, atropine base, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The microemulsions were kept at room temperature (21 °C) and the amount of the atropine base in microemulsions were checked periodically over one year using reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) to determine its stability. The globule size of the formulations was measured using a zetasizer. MiSight contact lenses were soaked in the atropine base microemulsion formulations for 24 h, and the amount of atropine base loaded into contact lenses and released in PBS was measured by a RPHPLC. ISO 10993-5 guidelines were used to measure the in vitro cytotoxicity of atropine base loaded contact lenses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The atropine base was more stable in the microemulsion at pH 6.5 (ME 6.5) with less than 4 % degradation, compared to a 10 % degradation at pH 7.4 (ME 7.4). The globule sizes of the microemulsions ranged between 17-21 nm. MiSight lenses absorbed4.25 ± 1.67 µg atropine base from ME 6.5, with the majority of the atropine base (3.52 ± 0.03 µg) released within 2 h. However, elutes from atropine base loaded contact lenses were toxic to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), reducing cell viability to less than 5 % after 24 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the microemulsions were stable and the contact lenses released sufficient amounts of atropine base, future studies are needed to address the toxicity issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Letter to the Editor","authors":"Anitha Arvind,&nbsp;Rakesh Nanjappa,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Rute J. Macedo-de-Araújo,&nbsp;Daddi Fadel","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 2","pages":"Article 102379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The safety of orthokeratology contact lens wear in slowing the axial elongation of the eye in children","authors":"Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido ,&nbsp;Sin-Wan Cheung ,&nbsp;César Villa-Collar ,&nbsp;the ROMIO/MCOS/TO-SEE Groups","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the safety of orthokeratology contact lens wear in slowing the axial elongation of the eye in myopic children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Safety data from three prospective studies, which evaluated the use of orthokeratology for slowing myopia progression in children in comparison to a parallel control group of single-vision spectacle lens wearers over a 2-year period, were pooled together for analysis. The primary and secondary safety endpoints are the comparisons of adverse events and slit-lamp findings grades ≥ 2 between orthokeratology and control groups, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Collectively, data from 125 orthokeratology and 118 control subjects were analyzed in this study. Of these, 101 (81 %) and 88 (75 %) orthokeratology and control subjects completed the 2-year follow-up period, respectively. Nineteen orthokeratology subjects experienced 28 adverse events, of which 6 were significant, whereas just one adverse event was found in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). Most adverse events found in the orthokeratology group were corneal in nature, primarily corneal abrasion/staining, accounting for around 40 % of all adverse events. Of the 28 adverse events, only 18 (3 significant) are likely to be contact lens-related, leading to incidence rates of total and device-related adverse events per 100 patient years of lens wear (95 % confidence intervals) of 13.1 (9.2–18.2) and 8.4 (5.4–10.7), respectively. No significant differences were found between groups in the total number of silt-lamps findings with grades ≥ 2 (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Around 13% of eyes wearing overnight orthokeratology contact lenses are likely to experience an adverse event over one year of lens wear, with this figure being lower when considering device-related adverse events alone. No serious adverse events were found, with most being non-significant. These results inform eye care practitioners on the safety of orthokeratology lenses when prescribed for slowing myopia progression to myopic children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effect of orthokeratology on controlling myopia progression in children with allergic conjunctivitis","authors":"Xiaoguang Niu ,&nbsp;Hongda Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengxue Zhang ,&nbsp;Shujuan Wu ,&nbsp;Guimei Xia ,&nbsp;Man Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To observe whether the effect of orthokeratology (OK) lenses on myopia control in children with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) after three years of wear differs from that in children without allergic conjunctivitis (nAC) and to identify the potential influencing factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a retrospective case–control study. Patients aged 8–15 years who were fitted with OK lenses in 2019 were collected. A three-year follow-up was also conducted, documenting all corneal adverse events (AEs) and the increase in axial length (AL) of the eye after three years of wearing OK lenses. Patients were divided into groups with and without AC based on their medical history and physical signs at the initial fitting. Baseline data and AL elongation after three years were compared between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 309 patients were included in this study, with 47 in the AC group and 262 in the nAC group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, spherical equivalent (SE), AL of the eye and environment. After three years of OK lens wear, the AL elongation in the AC group was 0.96 ± 0.45 mm, whereas it was 0.69 ± 0.45 mm in the nAC group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The extent of AL elongation in AC patients was significantly greater than that in nAC patients. During the three-year follow-up period, the duration of OK lenses discontinuation due to corneal AEs in the AC group was greater than that in the nAC group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study found that allergic conjunctivitis can affect the efficacy of OK lenses in controlling myopia after three years of treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of beliefs about the orthokeratology lens compliance scale (BOLCS): Based on the theory of planned behavior","authors":"Shudan Lin ,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Chen ,&nbsp;Dandan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanhui Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Sun ,&nbsp;Juan He ,&nbsp;Yanyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div><span>Non-adherence to standard wear, care, and follow-up procedures is a major risk factor for contact lens-related complications. The effectiveness of orthokeratology largely depends on the wearer's adherence. However, a deficiency in scales capturing adherence beliefs pertinent to orthokeratology exacerbates the lack of guidance for effective intervention strategies. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the psychometric<span> properties of a new scale based on the Theory of Planned Behavior that assesses the level of adherence among </span></span><em>ortho</em>-k wearers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span><span><span><span><span>This study involved three stages following the STROBE<span> checklist: (1) developing initial scale items based on the </span></span>Theory of Planned Behavior, a </span>literature review<span>, and a qualitative study; (2) evaluation of content and </span></span>face validity; (3) </span>psychometric testing<span> on 296 participants. Item analysis, based on </span></span>Classical Test Theory, assessed the overall consistency, reliability, and validity of the scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final 37-item Beliefs about the Orthokeratology Lens<span><span> Compliance Scale (BOLCS) comprises 11 dimensions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.560 to 0.798. The folded half reliabilities were 0.845, and the combined reliabilities ranged from 0.676 to 0.793, indicating strong reliability. Item-level CVI (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI/average (S-CVI/Ave) values, assessed by the panel, ranged from 0.71 to 1 and 0.954, respectively. Exploratory and </span>confirmatory factor analyses supported a factor structure consistent with the theoretical model.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The scale's construction adhered to a standardized process, yielding preliminary validation results with satisfactory reliability and validity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of extended periods of mini-scleral lens wear on the conjunctival/episcleral and scleral thickness","authors":"Ruveyde Bolac,&nbsp;Merve Beyza Yıldız,&nbsp;Oksan Alpogan,&nbsp;Yasemin Un,&nbsp;Mehmet Serhat Mangan","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the conjunctival/episcleral thickness (CET) and anterior scleral thickness (AST) in patients with keratoconus with an extended duration of mini-scleral contact lens wear by utilizing anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 17 eyes of 17 patients with keratoconus with mini-scleral contact lens wear (Group 1), 20 eyes of 20 patients with keratoconus without any contact lens wear (Group 2), and 20 eyes of 20 healthy controls (Group 3). CET and AST were measured using AS-OCT (Triton, Topcon, Japan) at 1, 2, and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age of the mini-scleral contact lens group was 26, and the number of male patients was 14 (82.4 %). The superior CET values at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm statistically differed between the groups, with Group 1 having significantly lower values than Group 3 and Group 2 having statistically similar values to the remaining two groups. The inferior CET at 2 mm was lower in Groups 1 and 2 than in Group 3. The inferior CET at 3 mm was lower in Group 1 compared to Groups 2 and 3.</div><div>AST was similar between the groups at all measured quadrants and distances. The duration of lens wear had a strong, statistically significant, negative correlation with the superior CET at 2 mm (rho: −0.847, p &lt; 0.001) and a moderate, statistically significant, negative correlation with the superior CET at 3 mm (rho: −0.506, p &lt; 0.038).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, it was found that mini-scleral contact lens usage causes thinning in the conjunctival-episcleral layer, especially in the superior and inferior quadrants, but does not affect scleral thickness. AS-OCT is a non-invasive and clinically applicable technique for assessing the impact of contact lens use on the conjunctiva/episclera and sclera.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal elevation asymmetry vector: Viable predictor of severe one-year-averaged orthokeratology lens decentration","authors":"Qiong Xu ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Xuewei Li ,&nbsp;Yue Wen ,&nbsp;Tao Tang ,&nbsp;Jia Qu ,&nbsp;Mingwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To assess the predictive value of pretreatment corneal elevation asymmetry vector (CEAV) for severe orthokeratology (Ortho-k) lens decentration (LD) in Chinese myopic adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of 247 myopic participants over one year employed a novel MATLAB algorithm to calculate CEAV and precise LD vector. Subjects were categorized into mild (&lt;1 mm) and severe (≥1 mm) yearly averaged LD (YALD) groups. Logistic regression and ROC analysis evaluated the relationship between corneal parameters and severe YALD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LD reached stability within the first month, with severe YALD compromising visual quality and corneal health. Notably, univariate linear regression revealed a paradoxical correlation between axial length elongation (ALE) and YALD: ALE negatively correlated with YALD in the mild group (standardised β = -0.546, P &lt; 0.05), contrasting with a positive correlation in the severe group (standardised β = 0.599, P &lt; 0.05). Horizontal CEAV (standardised β =  − 0.237, &lt; 0.05) and curvature differences between nasal and temporal quadrants at 8 mm (K_TN) (standardised β = 0.227, P &lt; 0.01) significantly correlated with horizontal YALD, while vertical CEAV vector associated with vertical YALD (standardised β =  − 0.237, &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified CEAV as an independent predictor of severe YALD (OR = 3.145, 95 % CI: 1.334 ∼ 4.607, P &lt; 0.01). Other risk factors included larger horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) (OR = 2.430, 95 % CI:0.6136 ∼ 10.07, P &lt; 0.05), corneal astigmatism (CA) (OR = 1.506, 95 % CI: 1.017 ∼ 2.244, P &lt; 0.05), and K_TN (OR = 1.864, 95 % CI: 0.934 ∼ 3.864, P &lt; 0.05). CEAV magnitude alone predicted severe YALD with AUC = 0.698 (95 %CI: 0.615–0.783, P &lt; 0.001), improving to AUC = 0.732 (95 % CI: 0.660–0.805, P &lt; 0.001) when combined with other risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pretreatment CEAV may emerge as a viable predictor of severe Ortho-k YALD, warranting its consideration in further tailored lens fitting to improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in anterior segment after short-term scleral lens wear in healthy Chinese population","authors":"Qianni Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingling Niu ,&nbsp;Bingjie Wang ,&nbsp;Daddi Fadel ,&nbsp;Ruihua Wei ,&nbsp;Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of short-term scleral lens (SL) wear on anterior chamber (AC) dimension and central corneal thickness (CCT) in healthy Chinese people.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a prospective, daily wear study. Eligible participants were dispensed SLs to correct refractive errors. Anterior segment (AS) parameters were measured by AS optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) before, during, and after 2 and 4 hours of lens wear. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the changes in AS parameters over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve subjects (10 females and 2 males) with a mean age of 25.3 ± 3.8 years (ranging from 21 to 34 years) were recruited. The AC parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD) from the endothelium (<em>endo</em>-ACD), angle opening distance at 500 μm (AOD500), and trabecular-iris space area at 500 μm (TISA500), significantly decreased after wearing SLs for 4 hours (P&lt;0.05). CCT increased by 12 μm (2.29 %) after wearing SLs for 4 hours (P=0.013).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that SL wear has a significant impact on AS dimensions in patients with healthy corneas in the short term with SL in situ, but tend to recover quickly after SL removal. Further research is needed to determine whether the change in AS dimensions during SL wear affects aqueous humor (AH) outflow and causes changes in intraocular pressure (IOP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of back optic zone diameter on corneal morphology with orthokeratology lenses","authors":"Hao Li ,&nbsp;Li Zeng ,&nbsp;Can Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><span>This study aimed to compare the changes in corneal morphological characteristics in </span>corneal topography assessments performed after wearing orthokeratology (OK) lenses with different back optic zone diameters (BOZDs). These changes included the change ratios of the apical corneal power (ACP), the maximum relative corneal refractive power (mRCRP), and the treatment zone diameter (TZD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 133 children with myopia (average age 9.50 ± 1.23 years) treated at Fudan University Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All participants wore the same brand of tangent-design OK lens (corneal refractive therapy, CRT). According to the BOZD, the patients were divided into two groups, of 5.0 and 6.0 mm BOZD, respectively. Corneal topography was analyzed at baseline, as well as 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after wearing the lenses, and the change ratios of ACP, mRCRP, and TZD were compared between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The change ratio of the ACP did not differ significantly between the BOZD 5.0 and 6.0 groups after 1 day or 1 week of lens wear (P = 0.170 and P = 0.113, respectively). However, after 1 month of lens wear, the change ratio of the ACP in the BOZD 5.0 group was significantly larger than that in the BOZD 6.0 group (P &lt; 0.001). After 1 month of lens wear, the mRCRP along the horizontal and vertical meridians was higher (P &lt; 0.05) and the TZD was significantly smaller (P &lt; 0.001) in the BOZD 5.0 group than in the BOZD 6.0 group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In CRT OK lenses, a small BOZD lens can produce faster corneal shaping, a larger mRCRP, and a smaller TZD, which may have a better effect on slowing ocular axial length elongation. The lens parameters are also a factor affecting the TZD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialise for special eyes in 2025","authors":"Stephen J. Vincent,&nbsp;Pauline Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2024.102356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 1","pages":"Article 102356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}