Contact Lens & Anterior Eye最新文献

{"title":"Ocular surface side effects of botulinum toxin type A injections in the treatment of lateral canthal wrinkles (Crow’s Feet)","authors":"Jiaxin Han ,&nbsp;Xue Yang ,&nbsp;Qianwen Gong ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Huifang Tu ,&nbsp;Xiulan Lu ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Ruiting Ji ,&nbsp;Liang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study investigates the impact of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) injections for lateral canthal wrinkles on the ocular surface.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 30 patients (30 eyes) who received BoNT-A injections were followed over a three-month period. Evaluations included tear meniscus height (TMH), strip meniscometry test, fluorescein tear film break-up time (FTBUT), corneal staining score, meibomian gland orifice and meibum quality score. Observations were recorded at baseline, one week, one month, and three months post-injection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Upper and total eyelid meiboscore, meibomian gland orifice obstruction, and meibum quality score peaked at three months post-injection, while FTBUT was shortest during the same period, with significant differences observed across time points (P &lt; 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicated a significant reduction in FTBUT between baseline and three months (P = 0.048). Corneal staining scores were highest at one week, with significant differences across time points (P &lt; 0.001); post-hoc analysis revealed a significant difference between one week and three months (P = 0.037). No significant changes were found in TMH or strip meniscometry test score (P = 0.374, P = 0.732).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BoNT-A injections may temporarily compromise ocular surface stability by decreasing tear film stability, disrupting meibomian gland function, and causing corneal epithelial disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 4","pages":"Article 102389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of the decentration in different designs of scleral lenses","authors":"Ana Privado-Aroco ,&nbsp;María Serramito ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Valdes-Soria ,&nbsp;María Romaguera ,&nbsp;Alvaro Cuellar ,&nbsp;Mohamed Filali ,&nbsp;Cristina Pastrana ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Carracedo","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To validate a simple and highly repeatable method of measuring the displacement of scleral lenses from the pupillary center and to quantify scleral lens decentration of two different designs of scleral lens landing zones: spheric (SLZ) and toric (TLZ), with the validated method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective crossover study has been performed. Twenty patients (26.90 ± 3.03) with regular corneas participated voluntarily in the study and SLZ and TLZ landing zone Onefit™ MED scleral lenses were fitted. This study was divided into 2 phases. In the first phase, the validation of a new technique, using an image processing tool through the Matlab_R2017b software, to measure decentration was performed, compared with a subjective method consisting of a millimetric grid located in one of the slit lamp eyepieces. Intersession and interobserver repeatability were evaluated in the vertical and horizontal measurements of decentration with both methods. Once the best and higher repeatable method to assess decentration was found, phase 2 started and decentration of two different landing zone designs of scleral lenses were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the first phase, Matlab methodology for decentration analysis showed high repeatability for both horizontal and vertical axes (ICC ≥ 0.9), whereas the slit lamp method demonstrated lower repeatability (ICC &lt; 0.5). Second phase showed a significant reduction in decentration after two hours of wear with TLZ design (p &lt; 0.001), unlike the SLZ design, which had no significant changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The measurement of contact lens decentration by image processing using the Matlab software showed a high intersubject and intersession repeatability. SLZ tends to decenter inferiorly and temporarily. A toric landing zone design allows better centration but does not completely reduce the problem of decentration in either the vertical or horizontal axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 4","pages":"Article 102391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost and benefits of availing specialty contact lenses for irregular cornea and ocular surface diseases from patient perspectives","authors":"Janani Balaji ,&nbsp;Madhumathi Subramanian ,&nbsp;Swetha Saravanan ,&nbsp;Anuradha Narayanan","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the cost of availing specialty contact lenses for irregular cornea and ocular surface diseases from the perspective of patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients aged ≥18 years who purchased specialty contact lenses (corneal or scleral) for the management of irregular corneal or ocular surface diseases between August 2023 and January 2024 were included in this study. Using a micro-costing approach, cost per patient was estimated with the help of the institution’s records, and via a semi-structured survey. The benefit-cost ratio was calculated as the valuation of benefits in terms of gain in productivity resulting from the use of contact lenses to the cost. Quality of life was measured using “The National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25)”. The NEI-VFQ 25 was administered during dispensing visits and after three months and was converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using the previously published results. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by estimating the cost per QALYs gained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total median (IQR) (USD) cost per patient to avail any specialty, corneal, and scleral contact lenses was ₹57,878(89,567) ($693), ₹21,907(20,420) ($262) and ₹1,10,316(69,514) ($1321) respectively. The total cost per patient was comparable to that of the low-income group ($750) based on the gross domestic product per capita of India and considerably less than that of the middle ($6,407) and high-income groups ($49,607). The discounted benefit-cost ratio was found to be 136:1. The cost per QALYs gained was found to be ₹1,35,899($1,628) and ₹1,56,440 ($1,874) for corneal and scleral lenses respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Specialty contact lenses are cost-beneficial and effective for patients with irregular cornea and ocular surface diseases. Considering economic differences, implementing health coverage plans, policies, or allocative decisions can make these lenses more affordable for every socioeconomic status people in India and reduce out-of-pocket expenses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 3","pages":"Article 102385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goal framing of health promotion messages in contact lens wear","authors":"Heidi Wagner ,&nbsp;Dawn Lam ,&nbsp;Andrew Loc Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Appropriate framing of health information influences the adoption of health behaviors. This study explored whether (1) gain- or loss-framed health promotion messages, emphasizing positive or negative consequences, respectively, were more persuasive in adult contact lens wearers and (2) approach-oriented participants (participants that tend to seek rewards or attain goals) were motivated by gain-framed messages while avoidance-oriented participants (those driven to avoid consequences such as disease or injury) were motivated by loss-framed messages, as postulated by the congruency hypothesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Gain- and loss-framed health promotion messages were created for three healthy contact lens-wearing habits (avoiding sleeping in contact lenses unless instructed to by an eye care provider, replacing lenses according to the manufacturer’s recommended replacement schedule, and avoiding water exposure with contact lenses). Following local pilot testing and revision of health messages, data from 300 soft contact lens wearers aged 18–33 years (2/3 female) were collected via an electronic survey and online survey platform. Message persuasiveness was assessed by the participants with a visual analog scale. Avoidance and approach motivations were evaluated using the Behavioural Inhibition System/Behavioural Activation System scale. A linear mixed-effect model explored factors that influenced the persuasive effect of messages. Independent variables included frame type, media (infographic versus text), and participant characteristics. Pairwise Pearson correlations were used to explore relationships between avoidance/approach mechanisms and persuasiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants rated loss-framed messages as more persuasive than gain-framed messages across the three habits: overnight wear (P &lt; 0.001), lens replacement (P &lt; 0.001), and water exposure (P &lt; 0.001). The motivational orientation of the participants was not significantly correlated with persuasiveness but varied significantly with participant sex and history of a contact lens-related red eye.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Loss-framing was more persuasive than gain-framing in this cohort. The results did not support the congruency hypothesis. Further study is needed to explore the clinical impact of these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 4","pages":"Article 102387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rodent models for dry eye syndrome (DES)","authors":"Jingyun Zhu ,&nbsp;Liu Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Lang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a range of ophthalmic conditions characterized by compromised tear film homeostasis, resulting from various pathological factors and primarily manifesting as ocular discomfort and impaired ocular surface integrity. With the rise in screen time due to modern lifestyles, the prevalence of DES is increasing annually, posing a significant global public health challenge. Pathophysiologically, DES involves damage to the lacrimal functional unit (LFU), including the lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, and corneoconjunctival epithelium, highlighting its multifactorial etiology. Current treatments mainly focus on artificial tears for moisture replacement and anti-inflammatory therapies, but both are limited. Consequently, animal models are crucial for understanding the complex pathological mechanisms of DES and identifying potential therapeutic agents. Rodent eyes, with their structural and physiological similarities to human eyes and cost-effectiveness, have become widely used in DES research. This manuscript reviews the current understanding of DES pathogenesis and rodent models, discussing their strengths, weaknesses, and relevant genetic models. The aim is to furnish critical insights and provide a scholarly resource to propel future investigative endeavors into the pathogenesis of and therapy for DES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 3","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnicity optimized indices enhance the diagnostic efficiency of early Keratoconus: A multicenter validation study","authors":"Yan Huo ,&nbsp;Ruisi Xie ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jie Hou ,&nbsp;Haohan Zou ,&nbsp;Yan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an ethnically-optimized corneal tomography and biomechanics index using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for diagnosing early ectasia in Chinese populations and determine the diagnostic indices’ sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff value for clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter case-control retrospective study included 1,012 eyes from three centers in China (Tianjin, Shaanxi, and Shandong). The groups included very asymmetric ectasia with normal topography (VAE-NT, n = 146), contralateral ectasia (VAE-E, n = 127), bilateral keratoconus (KC, n = 247), and normal eyes (NL, n = 492). The diagnostic efficiency of the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI), CBI for Chinese populations (cCBI), Tomographic and Biomechanical Index version 1 (TBIv1), TBI version 2 (TBIv2), and TBI for Chinese populations (cTBI) was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The diagnostic efficiency was compared using DeLong’s test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>cTBI had the highest diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing NL from early ectasia (VAE-NT), with an area under the ROC (AUROC) of 0.93 at the cutoff value of 0.41, a sensitivity of 84.39 % and specificity of 92.67 %. cTBI diagnostic efficacy in early ectasia was better than TBIv2, TBIv1, cCBI, and CBI (Delong test, P &lt; 0.01). It also had the best efficacy in distinguishing NL from “disease” (VAE-NT + VAE-E + KC), with an AUROC of 0.98 at the cutoff value of 0.66, sensitivity of 91.05 %, and specificity of 99.39 %. cTBI achieved 100 % sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing NL from clinical ectasia (VAE-E + KC) at a cutoff of 0.81.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The ethnicity optimized cTBI index had good diagnostic efficiency for early ectasia in the Chinese population, highlighting the benefit of ethnic-specific parameter optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 3","pages":"Article 102382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of large language models for providing educational information in orthokeratology care","authors":"Yangyi Huang ,&nbsp;Runhan Shi ,&nbsp;Can Chen ,&nbsp;Xueyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Xingtao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiaxu Hong ,&nbsp;Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Large language models (LLMs) are gaining popularity in solving ophthalmic problems. However, their efficacy in patient education regarding orthokeratology, one of the main myopia control strategies, has yet to be determined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study established a question bank consisting of 24 orthokeratology-related questions used as queries for GTP-4, Qwen-72B, and Yi-34B to prompt responses in Chinese. Objective evaluations were conducted using an online platform. Subjective evaluations including correctness, relevance, readability, applicability, safety, clarity, helpfulness, and satisfaction were performed by experienced ophthalmologists and parents of myopic children using a 5-point Likert scale. The overall standardized scores were also calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The word count of the responses from Qwen-72B (199.42 ± 76.82) was the lowest (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with no significant differences in recommended age among the LLMs. GPT-4 (3.79 ± 1.03) scored lower in readability than Yi-34B (4.65 ± 0.51) and Qwen-72B (4.65 ± 0.61) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). No significant differences in safety, relevance, correctness, and applicability were observed across the three LLMs. Parental evaluations rated all LLMs an average score exceeding 4.7 points, with GPT-4 outperforming the others in helpfulness (<em>P</em> = 0.004) and satisfaction (<em>P</em> = 0.016). Qwen-72B’s overall standardized scores surpassed those of the other two LLMs (<em>P</em> = 0.048).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GPT-4 and the Chinese LLM Qwen-72B produced accurate and beneficial responses to inquiries on orthokeratology. Further enhancement to bolster precision is essential, particularly within diverse linguistic contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 3","pages":"Article 102384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing scleral toricity induced lens flexure and contact disparity using anterior segment optical coherence tomography","authors":"Eihab Eltantawy","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine the influence of scleral toricity on the extent of lens contact and in-vivo flexure using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and to identify variables related to lens decentration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Scleral toricity at a chord of 15 mm was measured using Pentacam corneoscleral profilometry (CSP) from 10 healthy young participants (22 ± 2 years) with normal corneas. Participants were fitted with the same 16.0 mm rotationally symmetric scleral lens design (hexafocon A material). AS-OCT was used in conjunction with ImageJ analysis to document the disparity of lens contact at the 15 mm chord primary toric meridians and to assess lens flexure. Additionally, central fluid reservoir (FR) depth and lens decentration were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant correlation was found between scleral toricity (mean 155 ± 95 μm) and both the magnitude of lens flexure, and the disparity in lens contact between the scleral primary toric meridians at the 15 mm chord diameter (r = 0.83, p = 0.003 and r_s = 0.83, p = 0.005 respectively). Mean lens decentration values were 0.30 ± 0.18 mm inferior-temporal net decentration, 0.26 ± 0.16 mm inferior decentration and 0.13 ± 0.1 mm temporal decentration. This was significantly associated with central FR depth (r_s = 0.91, p = 0.0005 and r_s = 0.73, p = 0.02 and r_s = 0.71, p = 0.03 respectively). No significant correlation was found between lens decentration and scleral toricity (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Scleral toricity was significantly associated with AS-OCT measured lens flexure and contact disparity at primary toric landing locations defined by profilometry. Reducing central FR depth appears to be a good strategy for improved lens centration. Whilst equalising lens contact along toric meridians is beneficial for addressing lens flexure, the influence of this on centration is less clear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 3","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a contact lens with atropine base using a microemulsion technique","authors":"Md Abdullah Aziz ,&nbsp;Furqan Maulvi ,&nbsp;Ditixa T. Desai ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kuppusamy ,&nbsp;Kishor Mazumder ,&nbsp;Alex Hui ,&nbsp;Fiona Stapleton ,&nbsp;Mark Willcox","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Myopia or near-sightedness is a global vision problem. Atropine eye drops and myopia-controlling contact lenses can help to slow down its progression, but neither is sufficient alone. The present research work was conducted to design a contact lens embedded with an atropine base within a microemulsion system. The goal was to improve the stability of atropine base and facilitate its release from the lens, preventing the rapid clearance observed with atropine eye drops.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two microemulsions, one with a pH of 7.4 and the other with a pH of 6.5, were developed using the surfactant D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), the co-surfactant polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), the emulsifier Capmul MCM C8, atropine base, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The microemulsions were kept at room temperature (21 °C) and the amount of the atropine base in microemulsions were checked periodically over one year using reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) to determine its stability. The globule size of the formulations was measured using a zetasizer. MiSight contact lenses were soaked in the atropine base microemulsion formulations for 24 h, and the amount of atropine base loaded into contact lenses and released in PBS was measured by a RPHPLC. ISO 10993-5 guidelines were used to measure the <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity of atropine base loaded contact lenses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The atropine base was more stable in the microemulsion at pH 6.5 (ME 6.5) with less than 4 % degradation, compared to a 10 % degradation at pH 7.4 (ME 7.4). The globule sizes of the microemulsions ranged between 17–21 nm. MiSight lenses absorbed<!--> <!-->4.25 ± 1.67 <!--> <!-->µg atropine base from ME 6.5, with the majority of the atropine base (3.52 ± 0.03 <!--> <!-->µg) released within 2 h. However, elutes from atropine base loaded contact lenses were toxic to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), reducing cell viability to less than 5 % after 24 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While the microemulsions were stable and the contact lenses released sufficient amounts of atropine base, future studies are needed to address the toxicity issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 3","pages":"Article 102381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Letter to the Editor","authors":"Anitha Arvind,&nbsp;Rakesh Nanjappa,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Rute J. Macedo-de-Araújo,&nbsp;Daddi Fadel","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 2","pages":"Article 102379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}