Contact Lens & Anterior Eye最新文献

{"title":"Normative corneal biometric parameters in sub-Saharan African populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ngozika N Ezinne, Samuel Kyei, Chukwuemeka Junior Obinwanne, Tuwani A Rasengane, Khathutshelo Percy Mashige, Kingsley E Agho, Randy Asiamah, Bernadine N Ekpenyong, Stephen Ocansey, Antor O Ndep, Sylvester Kyeremeh, Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Edgar Ekure, Kelechi C Ogbuehi, Kovin Shunmugan Naidoo, Nalova Westbrook, Haile Waretow, Kofi Asiedu, Uchechukwu L Osuagwu","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the importance of corneal biometric parameters in ophthalmology, there is limited comprehensive data on these measurements in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on corneal biometric parameters of Sub-Saharan African populations, focusing on their variability, influencing factors, and implications for clinical practice and public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies published between January 2003 and December 2023 were identified through comprehensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a specific focus on African populations. Inclusion criteria comprised non-interventional studies reporting central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, radius of curvature, or horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) of eyes of continental Africans. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic. Subgroup analyses examined variations by geographic region, measurement instrument, and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight studies with a total of 14,009 participants were included. The pooled mean CCT was 553.35 µm (95 % CI: 548.52-558.18 µm), with regional variations ranging from 555.66 µm in West Africa to 510.17 µm in Southern Africa. Males exhibited slightly higher CCT values compared to females (539.11 µm vs. 533.78 µm). Additional parameters assessed included mean corneal curvature (43.07 D), radius of curvature (7.70 mm), and HCD (11.59 mm). Variability in the measurements was attributed to demographic, geographic, and methodological factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corneal biometric parameters exhibit substantial regional and demographic variability in SSA. These findings underscore the importance of population-specific data in enhancing diagnostic precision and guiding the development of regionally tailored clinical protocols. Further research is needed to address current knowledge gaps and improve eye care outcomes across the African continent.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of scleral lens removal and reapplication on fluid reservoir thickness and visual quality after 5 h of lens wear.","authors":"Rita Seco, Rute J Macedo-de-Araújo, José M González-Méijome","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess changes in fluid reservoir (FR) thickness and optical quality following the removal and reapplication of a scleral lens worn for 5 h in participants with regular and irregular corneas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two groups with 10 patients were recruited: IC Group-Irregular Cornea; RC Group-Regular Cornea. Both groups were fitted with a diagnostic 16.4 mm scleral lens (hexafocon A). FR thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography (MOCEAN 4000, MOPTIM, Shenzhen Slton Technology Co. Ltd., China l), high and low contrast visual acuity was measured with ETDRS, whole eye aberrometry was assessed with IRx3 Wavefront Aberrometer (ImaginEyes, Orsay, France) for a 5 mm pupil diameter, and the light disturbance under dim light conditions was assessed with Light Distortion Analyzer (LDA, Binarytarget, Portugal). Measurements were taken at 10 min and after 5 h lens wear, as well as following lens removal and reapplication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following lens removal and reapplication, FR thickness significantly increased in RC Group (294.3 ± 137.5 to 337.2 ± 141.4 µm, p = 0.005), and in IC Group (311.5 ± 150.3 to 339.5 ± 150.7 µm, p = 0.005, Wilcoxon). Although minor visual fluctuations of 2 letters were found in high and low contrast visual acuity, no statistically significant differences were observed after lens reapplication. Regarding the size and irregularity of light distortion, no statistically significant differences were observed in either group. The aberrometry results demonstrated significant changes, with an increase in comatic vertical aberrations (p = 0.037, Wilcoxon), observed exclusively in IC Group after lens removal and reapplication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Practitioners should be aware that removing and reapplying a scleral lens with fresh saline solution will increase the FR thickness. However, this increase may not have a significant or clinically meaningful impact on visual acuity, light disturbance size or optical quality as measured by aberrometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global practices of tear fluid collection, storage, and molecular analysis - A questionnaire by the Tear Research Network.","authors":"Nikolay Boychev, Swaminathan Sethu, Romy Op de Laak, Marlies Gijs","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While tear fluid biomarkers are now widely studied, agreement on best practices for sample collection, storage, processing and analysis is still being built. To promote the application of tear fluid biomarkers and to encourage the generation of high-quality data, the aim of this survey was to understand current practices and perspectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Tear Research Network coordinated a self-administrated, digital survey between April 2023 and April 2024. The survey obtained information from 59 independent investigators and laboratories across 21 countries on demographics, tear fluid collection methods, storage conditions, processing steps, analysis techniques, and current and future perspectives for tear fluid research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents were based in the US (24%), followed by the UK and India (10% each). Schirmer's strips were the preferred tear collection method (44%). Protein assays were the most favoured analytical technique overall (47%) and for tear fluid collected with Schirmer's strips (42%). More than 80% of the laboratories did not employ normalization strategies to account for sample volume variability in collection methods other than Schirmer's strips and capillaries. A significant majority (91%) agreed on the need to develop internationally accepted guidelines, with 81% indicating that they would modify their protocols accordingly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This survey provides a global overview of tear fluid biomarker research practices, highlighting substantial variability in methodologies and a pressing need for standardised protocols. Addressing these inconsistencies through international guidelines could enhance reproducibility, facilitate global collaboration, and accelerate the clinical translation of tear fluid biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of ocular surface symptoms and their association with stress levels among the Gazan population in crowded shelters during the 2023 Israel war.","authors":"Mohammed Aljarousha, Waleed M Alghamdi, Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin, Marliana Mahmud","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the status of ocular surface symptoms and their relationship to stress levels among the Gazan population during the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved stratified sampling of participants from the four Gaza districts in Palestine. Individuals aged 18 years or older completed the Arab Ocular Surface Disease Index (Arab-OSDI) questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to assess stress levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 426 participants (238 males and 188 females) completed the Arabic versions of the OSDI and PSS-10 questionnaires. The mean Arab-OSDI score was 21, with 40.6 % of participants scoring ≥23, the threshold for moderate to severe DED symptoms. Participants with moderate or high perceived stress levels had significantly higher mean Arab-OSDI scores than individuals with low stress levels (p = 0.029). Logistic regression analysis identified age over 50 years, and the high PSS as significant factors associated with Arab-OSDI scores ≥13 (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate a high prevalence of dry eye symptoms among the Gazan population during the Israel-Hamas war in 2023, with moderate to high perceived stress levels significantly associated with these symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case series of overnight orthokeratology-related Acanthamoeba keratitis in Northwest China: Clinical presentation, management, and outcomes.","authors":"Na Zhao, Le Liang, Mi Hao, Dong Liu, Zhiyu Fan, Jie Wu, Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a series of overnight orthokeratology-related Acanthamoeba keratitis (OK-AK) at a teriary transfer care eye hospital in China from January 1, 2021, to February 29, 2024, and to provide a reference for its treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center, retrospective case study. Records of patients with a history of OK lens use who were diagnosed with AK were analyzed. Data on clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were analyzed. We also preliminarily investigated behaviors associated with the risk of OK-AK.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 patients were included (8 females, 3 males, 14 eyes). The mean age was 14.7 ± 3.6 years (range: 11-22 years). All patients were using OK for an average of 3.5 ± 2.4 years (range: 1-8 years) before the onset of AK. The median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 5 days (range: 2-150 days). The most frequently presented symptoms were blurred vision (n=11, 100%), redness (n=8, 72.7%), and excruciating eye pain (n=8, 72.7%). Topical anti-amoebic agents (a combination of topical polyhexamethylene biguanide [PHMB], metronidazole, and voriconazole) were used in all infected eyes once the AK diagnosis was made. Systemic metronidazole and/or voriconazole were added in stromal keratitis. Eight eyes (57.1%) were cured by medication. The remaining eyes (6/14, 42.9%) underwent therapeutic keratoplasty surgery because of poor response or rapid progression of the disease. The surgeries included two lamellar keratoplasty (ALK), one deep lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and three therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK). Recurrence occurred in two cases (2/6, 33.3%), one after 1 year following DALK and the other 3 months after TPK. All patients had improved visual acuity after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This findings indicate that OK-AK is a serious problem in Northwest China. AK should be suspected early in patients with OK lens use who present with clinical symptoms such as eye redness and pain. The medication cure rate in OK-AK was 57.1%. The early keratoplasty surgery rate was 42.9%, and the risk of post-operation recurrence should be a concern. Based on the above findings, clinicians need to establish a standardized follow-up system and carry out multi-dimensional user education.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and utility of clinical examination in predicting meibomian gland atrophy.","authors":"Sanjana Suraneni, Lakshman Mulpuri, Matthew Habib, Robert Eden, Robert Schultze, Rahul Tonk","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the role of clinical examination findings in predicting meibomian gland atrophy (MGA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjective reports of dry eye symptoms were collected via a SPEED questionnaire. Lipid layer thickness, Schirmer I score, lid margin characteristics (thickening, vascular engorgement, and telangiectasia), and meibomian gland secretion factors (quality, expressibility, and volume) were examined and used to generate Foulks-Bron scores. Infrared meibography determined the degree of MGA. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis determined predictive factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When all clinical characteristics were included, the pseudo R² of the regression model was 0.466 (p-value = 0.029). FB score alone was significantly correlated with MGA severity (R = 0.372, p = 0.014) and had an odds ratio of 1.190 (p = 0.012). Expressibility was the main predictor for severity of MGA with an odds ratio of 2.604 (p = 0.020), sensitivity of 85.7 %, and specificity of 59.1 %. Lipid layer thickness (p = 0.042) and vascular engorgement (p = 0.032) were also predictive of MGA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A thorough physical examination emphasizing manual expression of meibomian glands can be useful for predicting gland atrophy. Nevertheless, most of the variability in MGA cannot be explained by clinical characteristics, and the full spectrum of contributing factors remains incompletely understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of orthokeratology lenses with different back optic zone diameters in myopia control: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xinwei Yang, Long Wen, Kaimin Xiao, Ying Liu, Yuehua Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates the efficacy of orthokeratology lenses with different back optic zone diameters (BOZD) in controlling myopia progression among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Scopus, Ovid, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled studies comparing the effectiveness of orthokeratology lenses with various BOZD designs for myopia control in adolescents. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed using RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis, assessing the risk of bias. Primary outcomes included axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), treatment zone diameter (TZD), and treatment zone area (TZA). Secondary outcomes included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and eccentricity (E).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 studies were included, comprising 12 RCTs and 6 controlled studies. Meta-analysis showed that compared to conventional BOZD, smaller BOZD lenses significantly inhibited axial elongation (SMD = -0.83, P < 0.00001), reduced TZD (SMD = -1.38, P < 0.00001) and TZA (SMD = -2.05, P < 0.00001), and improved SER (SMD = 0.81, P < 0.0001) and BCVA (SMD = 0.27, P = 0.04). No significant effects were found on eccentricity (P = 0.79) or UDVA (P = 0.31), while HOAs increased (SMD = 1.01, P = 0.02). Longer follow-ups resulted in more reliable findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Orthokeratology lenses with smaller BOZD effectively control myopia progression, improving axial elongation, TZD, TZA, and SER, and increase HOAs, but do not significantly affect eccentricity, UDVA.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing corneal biomechanical response in orthokeratology with differing back optic zone diameter: A comparative finite element study.","authors":"PeiPei Zhang, XinYu Zhang, XueFei Li, YuXuan Wang, Hera Soha, Ahmed Elsheikh, QinXiang Zheng, Fan Lu, RuZhi Deng, JunJie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the impact of orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses with different back optic zone diameter (BOZD) on the biomechanical response of the cornea, focusing on contact pressure, displacement, and stress distribution.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Finite element models were developed to simulate varying corneal curvatures (39.0D, 42.0D, 45.0D) and ortho-k lenses designed to target myopia reductions of -2.0D, -4.0D, and -6.0D, with BOZD values of 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm. Key parameters-contact pressure, displacement, mechanical treatment zone (MTZ) diameter and von Mises stress-were calculated and compared across the models.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The BOZD = 5 mm group demonstrated higher central contact pressure and greater central corneal displacement compared to the BOZD = 6 mm group. Additionally, the BOZD = 5 mm group exhibited a smaller central contact range, corneal reshaping range, and MTZ diameter than the BOZD = 6 mm group. The maximum stress decreased and shifted locations from the center to the periphery after lens application in both groups, with a more significant decrease observed in the 6 mm group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BOZD plays a crucial role in corneal biomechanical responses during ortho-k treatment. Smaller BOZD lenses result in a more concentrated contact area, leading to a smaller corneal reshaping area and MTZ diameter without significantly increasing the maximum stress in the cornea.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European trends in attitudes and strategies for myopia management in clinical practice.","authors":"Clara Martínez-Pérez, Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, Cesar Villa-Collar, Yasmin Whayeb, James S Wolffsohn","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surveys conducted between 2015 and 2022 showed growing concern among European eye care practitioners about myopia management, though adoption of effective strategies varied. This study updates findings from 2024, analysing trends in attitudes and strategies for myopia management across Europe from 2015 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey targeting European eye care practitioners was distributed in multiple languages through professional bodies. It assessed awareness of myopia prevalence, perceived efficacy and adoption of different myopia control strategies, and reasons for non-adoption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2015 and 2024, a total of 3,179 responses were collected from European practitioners, representing data across four survey years. Concern about pediatric myopia varied significantly in 2024 (P < 0.001), with Portugal reporting the highest concern (9.4 ± 1.0) and Sweden the lowest (5.9 ± 2.2). Orthokeratology combined with low-dose atropine was perceived as the most effective approach (60.8 ± 29.6), followed by solo orthokeratology (60.1 ± 25.0) and approved myopia control soft contact lenses (55.9 ± 23.4). Single-vision lenses (15.9 ± 22.9) and undercorrection (7.1 ± 16.6) were rated least effective. Since 2015, single-vision lens prescribing has declined, while myopia control spectacles and contact lenses, and combination therapies have increased. The major reasons preventing the prescription of myopia control methods in 2024 were cost (29.6 %), treatment availability (11.4 %) and inadequate information/knowledge (9.3 %). Factors such as patient age, refractive error, and parental myopia influenced treatment choices, with the factors being less influential in Russia compared to other countries (all p ≤ 0.001). All European countries reported that adopting measures to control myopia progression in 2024 were thought to improve patient loyalty (much more/more: 57.7 %) and improve job satisfaction (much more/more: 73.3 %), but it was perceived not to increase practice revenue (much more/more: 43.3 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>European practitioners are increasingly adopting evidence-based myopia control strategies, with most countries reporting relatively similar management practices. Offering myopia control enhanced patient loyalty and job satisfaction. However, barriers such as cost and perceived limited efficacy still impede broader adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gabor patches training programme for neuroadaptation in multifocal contact lenses wearers.","authors":"Cristina Arroyo-Del Arroyo, Andrea Martínez-Pedreño, Sonia Menchen-Cañadas, David P Piñero, Gonzalo Carracedo","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of using a training programme (OPTIcTRAIN) using Gabor patches on visual performance during the fitting of multifocal contact lenses (CL) in neophyte wearers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized longitudinal pilot study was conducted at the Optometry Clinic of Complutense University of Madrid (Spain). Participants were fitted with Comfilcon A multifocal CL and randomly assigned to either a Gabor group (receiving daily training) or a control group. Measurements were taken at baseline (V0), CL fitting day (V1) and after 10 (V2) and 20 days (V3) of CL wear, assessing visual acuity (VA) under different conditions (photopic and mesopic, high (HC) and low contrast (LC)) at far, intermediate and near distances, contrast sensitivity, and subjective measures using visual analogue scale and global rate changing scale (GRCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve subjects (10 females, 2 males; mean age: 51.41 ± 5.41 years) were included. After 20 days, the Gabor group showed significantly higher HCVA (p = 0.016) and LCVA (p = 0.034) under photopic conditions at intermediate distances (-0.03 ± 0.05, 0.11 ± 0.09, respectively) compared to the control group (0.08 ± 0.07, 0.26 ± 0.10, respectively). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between groups in VA under mesopic conditions. Contrast sensitivity did not significantly differ between groups at any visit. However, after 20 days, the Gabor group's contrast sensitivity (6 cpg) increased to values similar to baseline (V0: 6.33 ± 0.81 vs V1: 5.17 ± 0.75; p = 0.038; V1 vs V3: 6.00 ± 0.89, p = 0.025), whereas the control group experienced a significant decrease (V0: 6.50 ± 0.54 vs V1: 5.83 ± 0.75; p = 0.046). After 20 days, the Gabor group showed a significant improvement in halo perception (p = 0.043) on the GRCS (44.00 ± 4.04) compared to the control group (26.67 ± 7.47).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A visual training program using Gabor patches may enhance high and low-contrast VA at intermediate distances under photopic conditions, improve contrast sensitivity for medium spatial frequencies, and enhance subjective perception of halos during initial adaptation to multifocal CL in presbyopic wearers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}