Contact Lens & Anterior Eye最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of different methods to image the tear film before and during contact lens wear.","authors":"Srikanth Dumpati, Mukesh Kumar, Ajay Kumar Vijay, Jacqueline Tan, Mark Willcox","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the repeatability and compare non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT) and tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT) measurements obtained using subjective (Keeler Tearscope-Plus) and objective (Oculus Keratograph 5M and LipiView II Interferometer) instruments before and during soft contact lens (CL) wear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomised, double-masked, crossover study involved ten healthy participants who wore two types of daily disposable soft CLs: hydrogel and silicone hydrogel. NIBUT and TFLLT were assessed under pre cornea (before lens insertion) and pre lens (over the lens) conditions. NIBUT was measured using Tearscope-Plus and the Oculus Keratograph 5M, while TFLLT was assessed with Tearscope-Plus and the LifpiView II Interferometer. Repeatability was evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA within-subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of repeatability (CR), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Correlation between instruments was assessed using Spearman coefficients, while agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NIBUT measured with the Tearscope-Plus demonstrated good to excellent repeatability (ICC: 0.84-0.96). TFLLT measured with the LipiView II Interferometer showed excellent repeatability (ICC: 0.92-0.96). The Oculus Keratograph 5M showed moderate to good repeatability for NIBUT (ICC: 0.67-0.85). No significant correlations were observed between NIBUT measurements from the Tearscope-Plus and Oculus Keratograph 5M (r range: 0.02-0.30; p > 0.05). In contrast, strong correlations were observed between TFLLT measurements from the Tearscope-Plus and LipiView II Interferometer in pre cornea (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) and pre hydrogel (r = 0.74, p = 0.02) conditions, with a moderate, non-significant correlation in the pre silicone hydrogel condition (r = 0.51, p = 0.13). Bland-Altman analysis revealed wide limits of agreement between instruments, indicating substantial measurements variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tearscope-Plus and LipiView II Interferometer demonstrated high repeatability for NIBUT and TFLLT, respectively. However, the Tearscope-Plus overestimated both NIBUT and TFLLT values compared to objective instruments, indicating that these instruments should not be used interchangeably in clinical practice or research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMI-global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice - A nine-year review.","authors":"Yasmin Whayeb, James S Wolffsohn, Nicola S Logan, Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Surveys in 2015, 2019, and 2022 identified a high level of eye care practitioner activity and concern about pediatric myopia, reflected by an uptake of appropriate control techniques. This research provided updated information, examining global trends from 2015 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered, internet-based questionnaire was distributed in 18 languages to eye care practitioners globally. The questions examined awareness of increasing myopia prevalence, perceived efficacy, prescribing of available strategies and barriers to adoption. Responses were compared with data from previous surveys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,993 practitioners responded in 2024. From 2015 to 2024, practitioner concern had increased in all continents besides Australasia (all p < 0.05), being consistently highest in Asia (8.4 ± 1.8 to 8.6 ± 1.9, respectively). Practitioner activity level had increased markedly in every continent (all p < 0.001), with the greatest change in North America (4.7 ± 3.0 to 7.1 ± 2.6, respectively). Perceived efficacy of soft contact lenses approved for myopia control more than doubled since 2015 (24.4 ± 25.0 % to 52.2 ± 24.0 %, p < 0.001). Combination therapy and orthokeratology were perceived to be the most efficacious interventions, yet single vision spectacles were the most prescribed option. However, the frequency of prescribing single vision spectacles had decreased since 2015 (by -11.1 %, p < 0.001). Globally, cost to the patient remained practitioners' primary reason for not prescribing myopia interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More practitioners are prescribing appropriate control methods to children with lower degrees of myopia than identified previously. However, consistent hindrances need addressing, namely increased affordability and accessibility of effective control options.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized contralateral eye study of myopia control between aspheric multifocal soft contact lens and orthokeratology in children.","authors":"Ruru Chen, Tianhui Chen, Weiwei Lu, Yue Li, Jiawei Li, Tiankun Li, Hengli Lian, Siping Chen, Colm McAlinden, Xiaoying Wang, Jinhai Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare myopia progression in children wearing an aspheric multifocal contact lens and an orthokeratology (OrthoK) lens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 65 participants, aged 9.70 ± 1.31 years, were fitted with an OrthoK lens in one randomly assigned eye and a multifocal soft contact lens in the contralateral eye for the first 6 months (period 1). Following this, contact lens wear was discontinued in both eyes for 1 month, after which the two lens-wearing methods were swapped between eyes and continued for another 6 months (period 2). Axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), central corneal thickness (CCT), and central choroidal thickness (CChT) were measured at the 0-, 6-, 7-, 13-, and 14-month visits. AL and SER were the primary outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the OrthoK and multifocal soft lens, AL elongation was 0.14 ± 0.11 mm and 0.23 ± 0.12 mm, respectively, after period 1. AL elongation for the OrthoK and multifocal lens was 0.12 ± 0.19 mm and 0.20 ± 0.13 mm, respectively, after period 2. The SER change for the OrthoK and multifocal lens was -0.20 ± 0.27 D and -0.33 ± 0.30 D after period 1 and -0.26 ± 0.40 D and -0.36 ± 0.46 D after period 2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the 14-month observation period, no statistically significant differences in myopia progression were found between the aspheric multifocal contact lens and the OrthoK lens. Further longitudinal observation is necessary to characterize the disparities in long-term myopia-control efficacy between the two intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000041520. Registered 27 December 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/ChiCTR2000041520. Retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scleral shell prostheses in patient care: A survey of eyecare clinicians in New Zealand.","authors":"Janice P Yeoman, Brian H Sloan, Keith R Pine, Robert J Jacobs, Stuti L Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Research to guide scleral shell practice is sparse with minimal evidence-based information available about indications and contraindications for shell wear, or the ideal wear and maintenance regimes. New Zealand optometrists, ophthalmologists and ocular prosthetists were surveyed to gauge current understanding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Topics queried included practitioner specialisation, judgements on the suitability and success of shells for different presentations of non-functional disfigured eyes, shell wear and maintenance protocols, and management of complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses from 140 optometrists, 50 ophthalmologists and 8 ocular prosthetists were collected. Optometrists and ophthalmologists observed that patients with non-functional disfigured eyes had an ocular prosthesis significantly less often than anophthalmic patients (∼30 % vs >90 %). Judgements from optometrists and ophthalmologists about shell suitability for different clinical presentations were wide ranging and inconsistent. Judgements from ocular prosthetists highlighted globe volume, corneal sensitivity and corneal integrity as key factors determining shell wear success. Keratitis and discomfort with shell wear were of high concern to both optometrists and ophthalmologists. Optometrists and ocular prosthetists most frequently reported that shells should be disinfected daily with no overnight wear, while ophthalmologists provided heterogeneous recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are significant inconsistencies among and between ophthalmologists and optometrists in the provision, care and maintenance of scleral shells. Ocular prosthetists in New Zealand do not have the necessary scope of practice to care for patients' eye health once they have fabricated and fitted a scleral shell. The consequence of these combined factors is that people with blind disfigured eyes in New Zealand are sub-optimally managed. This survey provides a foundation for developing interdisciplinary consensus guidelines on scleral shell provision and maintenance in New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy in dry eye: Insights into clinical and artificial intelligence limitations: Limitations of diagnostic accuracy in dry eye.","authors":"Germán Mejía-Salgado, William Rojas-Carabali, Carlos Cifuentes-González, María Andrea Bernal-Valencia, Paola Saboya-Galindo, Jaime Soto-Ariño, Valentina Dumar-Kerguelen, Guillermo Marroquín-Gómez, Martha Lucía Moreno-Pardo, Juliana Tirado-Ángel, Anat Galor, Alejandra de-la-Torre","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the agreement and performance of four large language models (LLMs)-ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Leny-ai, and MediSearch-in diagnosing and classifying Dry Eye Disease (DED), compared to clinician judgment and Dry Eye Workshop-II (DEWS-II) criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standardized prompt incorporating retrospective clinical and symptomatic data from patients with suspected DED referred to a dry eye clinic was developed. LLMs were evaluated for diagnosis (DED vs. no DED) and classification (aqueous-deficient, evaporative, mixed-component). Agreement was assessed using Cohen's-kappa (Cκ) and Fleiss'-kappa (Fκ). Balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 338 patients (78.6 % female, mean age 53.2 years), clinicians diagnosed DED in 300, and DEWS-II criteria identified 234. LLMs showed high agreement with clinicians for DED diagnosis (93 %-99 %, Cκ: 0.81-0.86). Subtype agreement was lower (aqueous-deficient: 0 %-18 %, evaporative: 4 %-80 %, mixed-component: 22 %-92 %; Fκ: -0.20 to -0.10). Diagnostic balanced accuracy was 48 %-56 %, with high sensitivity (93 %-99 %) but low specificity (0 %-16 %). Subtype balanced accuracy and F1 score ranged from 33 %-81 % 0 %-71 %, respectively. Compared to DEWS-II, agreement for DED diagnosis remained high (96 %-99 %) but with weaker Cκ (0.52-0.58). Subtype agreement was again low (aqueous-deficient: 0 %-20 %, evaporative: 9 %-68 %, mixed-component: 16 %-75 %; Fκ: -0.09 to -0.02). Diagnostic balanced accuracy was 49 %-56 %, sensitivity 97 %-99 %, and specificity 5 %-16 %. Subtype balanced accuracy ranged from 43 % to 56 %, F1 score 0-68.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LLMs showed strong agreement and high sensitivity for DED diagnosis but limited specificity and poor subtype classification, mirroring clinical challenges and highlighting risks of overdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dehydration kinetics of soft contact lenses: The hidden impact of early wear.","authors":"Silvia Tavazzi, Anna Galli, Francesco Maspero, Giulia Carlotta Rizzo, Fabrizio Zeri, Erika Ponzini","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contact lens (CL) wear, maintaining adequate CL hydration is essential to prevent ocular dryness and associated discomfort. In this context, dehydration of worn Etafilcon A and Kalifilcon A CLs hydrated by natural tears was monitored using an in-vitro gravimetric method. A kinetic model was applied to derive the water kinetics coefficient, which emerged as a reliable indicator of the on-eye hydration state and water diffusion mechanisms. A significant reduction in water content and a tendency from a polymer-hindered water diffusion toward free diffusion were observed after just five minutes of wear, suggesting a rapid initial adaptation to the ocular environment that alters the material resistance to water evaporation. After two hours of wear, a similar effect was evident in approximately half of the samples investigated, indicating that a new hydration equilibrium may eventually be reached over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and readability of online patient information for contact lens wearers.","authors":"Genis Cardona, Carla Vega","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the reliability and readability of online patient information regarding contact lens (CL) wear and maintenance, given that many users may employ these resources to supplement or replace professional advice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten frequently asked questions (FAQs) concerning CL wear and maintenance were formulated based on clinical experience and literature search. Each FAQ was used to query Google, and the first 20 eligible websites were analysed, yielding a final sample of 200 websites. Reliability was assessed using the short version of the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) tool, while readability was evaluated through the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) tests. Websites were classified by country of origin and source type. Non-parametric group contrast and variable correlation analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median EQIP score was 68.0 % (range 29.0 %-90.0 %), with 30.0 % of websites providing high-quality content (≥75 %). Websites from encyclopaedias and medical centres/hospitals scored higher in reliability compared to commercial and practitioner sources (p < 0.05). Readability was generally poor, with mean FRES and FKGL values of 55.8 ± 11.3 and 9.9 ± 2.3, respectively, exceeding recommended reading levels. Unexplained technical jargon was found in 59.5 % of websites. Encyclopaedias demonstrated better readability scores than news centres (p = 0.036). A weak but significant inverse correlation was found between EQIP and FRES scores (rho = -0.215; p = 0.002), indicating that higher reliability was associated with slightly better readability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, online patient information regarding CL wear and maintenance evidenced moderately high reliability but insufficient readability. Contact lens wearers may find this information difficult to understand, leading to poor compliance and potential ocular complications. Given the critical role of online resources in patient education, eye care professionals should guide patients towards reliable, comprehensible websites and consider modern communication strategies to enhance compliance and safety in CL wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis of tear fluid: Comparative short-term effects of scleral lenses and rigid corneal lenses wear in ametropic healthy adults.","authors":"Zhe Zhang, Li Zeng, Qihua Le, Yanze Yu, Jiaqi Zhou, Feng Xue, Xingtao Zhou, Jiaxu Hong, Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of scleral lenses (SLs) on the ocular surface of healthy individuals and explore potential molecular changes in the tear fluid reservoir associated with this form of contact lens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled in the prospective study and assigned to wear SLs or rigid corneal lenses (RCL), and their ocular surface was evaluated at various time points over one month period. Hyperemia, tear film stability, and molecular changes in tear fluid were assessed. Tandem mass tagging proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in tears after wearing different lenses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences observed in in the hyperemia index of the nasal and temporal ciliary vessel areas, as well as the nasal and temporal conjunctival vessel areas between groups. The difference in tear film stability between the two groups was not statistically significant. However, proteomic analysis of tear samples revealed 397 differentially expressed proteins in the SLs group, including pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukins. Pathway analysis identified upregulation of inflammation-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SLs wear does not significantly impact hyperemia and tear film stability compared to RCL. Nevertheless, at the molecular level, there is evidence showing an underlying inflammatory response. These findings require continued research to elucidate the clinical implications of these molecular changes and to guide SLs fitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of orthokeratology lens decentration on axial length growth in Chinese myopic children: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Yi-Ming Guo, Jiaqi Wang, Jiejing Bi, Juan Huang, Junhan Wei, Yijin Han, Lu Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthokeratology (OK) lenses have become a prevalent intervention for myopia control. However, lens decentration, a frequent complication, may influence the efficacy of myopia control. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the impact of OK lens decentration on axial length growth (ALG) in Chinese myopic children through a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of OK lens decentration on ALG in myopic children. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches in databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, for publications from 2000 to 2024. The primary outcome was the standardized mean difference (SMD) in ALG between the centered and decentered lens groups. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I² statistics, while publication bias was examined using funnel plots and visual inspection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of nine retrospective studies, encompassing 1503 participants aged 8-15 years, met the inclusion criteria. Six studies with 12-month data were included in the primary analysis, showing a significant reduction in ALG in the decentered group (SMD = -0.45, 95 % CI: -0.66 to -0.24, p < 0.0001), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 59.1 %). Subgroup analyses by publication year and sample size revealed temporal and methodological variations, with studies from earlier years showing more pronounced reductions in ALG. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results, with slight variations in the pooled effect size. At 24 months, three studies demonstrated a significant reduction in ALG (SMD = -0.46, 95 % CI: -0.68 to -0.24, p < 0.0001), with negligible heterogeneity (I² = 0 %). Potential publication bias was suggested by the funnel plot, particularly due to one outlier study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OK lens decentration significantly reduces ALG in myopic children, indicating its potential efficacy in myopia control. However, moderate heterogeneity was observed, which may be attributed to variations in study designs and sample characteristics. Further research with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods is necessary to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, anxiety, stress, and dry eye disease among Gazan undergraduate health sciences and nursing students: a structural equation modeling study.","authors":"Mohammed Aljarousha, Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin, Indang Ariati Ariffin, Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot, Abdelraouf A Elmanama, Hatem H Alsaqqa, Yousef Aljeesh, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa, Mia Yang Ang, Waleed M Alghamdi, Hussam Abdeljabar Ahmad Mizher, Emad I H Shaqoura","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2025.102504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate associations between dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress) among undergraduate health sciences and nursing students in the Gaza Strip during the 2023-2025 conflict period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study used convenience sampling via WhatsApp and face-to-face interviews between 4 February and 29 April 2025. Participants completed a demographic form, the Arabic Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and the Arabic Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-8 (DASS-8). Analyses included descriptive statistics, group comparisons, correlations, and structural equation modeling (SEM) with interaction terms; sex was included as a covariate, and academic year was examined as an exploratory moderator of distress-symptom associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 282 students (190 female, 92 male) were analyzed. OSDI scores were skewed upward (median 25.0, IQR 16.67-33.33). Using OSDI > 12, symptomatic DED prevalence was 87.9 %. OSDI correlated with depression (r = 0.37), anxiety (r = 0.44), and stress (r = 0.56), all p < 0.001. SEM indicated a stronger unique association for stress and a smaller, significant association for depression; moderation by academic year was not statistically significant. The classifier achieved good discrimination for symptomatic status (AUC = 0.829).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among Gazan health sciences and nursing students, DED symptoms were common and associated with psychological distress-particularly stress and, to a lesser extent, depression. Sex and academic year did not show robust effects. Findings support considering mental health within DED management for students in conflict settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":" ","pages":"102504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}