Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Developmental organization of neural dynamics supporting social processing: Evidence from naturalistic fMRI in children and adults","authors":"Wanrou Hu ,&nbsp;Jinming Xiao ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Weixing Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Shan ,&nbsp;Huafu Chen ,&nbsp;Xujun Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of social cognition underpins significant implications for diagnosing and treating neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. This study investigates the dynamic neural organization of social cognition in children (<em>n</em> = 60, ages 3–10) and adults (<em>n</em> = 55) using a naturalistic fMRI paradigm that tracks continuous brain activity during real-world social interactions. We identify four distinct co-activation patterns (CAP) that reflect a functional hierarchy, ranging from basic sensory processing to complex social-cognitive integration. These brain state dynamics reveal significant developmental differences: children exhibit immature transitions, often bypassing intermediate states (e.g., salience-driven filtering, State 3) and prematurely shifting from early sensory encoding (State 1) to internally-directed integration (State 2). Moreover, during mentalizing and pain events, children show reduced modulation of sensory and perceptual brain states, indicating limited cognitive flexibility that is essential for social interaction. Structural equation modeling reveals a developmental cascade linking the maturation of sensory (State 1), perceptual filtering (State 3), and social-cognitive (State 2) processing states. This pathway is mediated by individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM) development and further predicts empathic abilities. These findings advance our understanding of how brain state reorganization supports social cognitive maturation and offer new insights into neurodevelopmental disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic home radon exposure impacts the development of oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial attention","authors":"Rachel A. Bonney ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Greenwood ,&nbsp;Danielle Thompson ,&nbsp;Monica N. Clarke-Smith ,&nbsp;Saige C. Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Grace E. Parolek ,&nbsp;OgheneTejiri V. Smith ,&nbsp;Haley R. Pulliam ,&nbsp;Brittany K. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can accumulate to hazardous levels in homes. While previous work has shown that environmental toxicants negatively impact neurodevelopment, little is understood about how radon may affect critical cognitive functions like visuospatial attention, which is subserved by multispectral neural oscillatory dynamics across the developmentally-sensitive attention networks. This study explored the effects of chronic home radon exposure on the developmental trajectories of oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial attention in youths. We recruited 118 youths aged 8-to-15 years-old to complete a visuospatial attention task during magnetoencephalography. Families completed a home radon test, and inattention and hyperactivity symptoms were measured using a self-report questionnaire. We found functionally relevant radon-related aberrations to beta dynamics within the left inferior frontal (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus. In both regions, children with higher radon exposure exhibited stronger beta responses as a function of age, which predicted slower reaction times. Age-related strengthening of beta responses in the IFG was also correlated with lesser attentional symptomology. These results suggest aberrant developmental trajectories of neural processing as a function of increasing radon exposure in critical attention regions, which may indicate compensatory activity to sustain performance and improve attentional stability despite chronic environmental insult.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of BNST intrinsic functional connectivity from 8 to 23 years of age: A PNC cohort study","authors":"Elizabeth A. Flook ,&nbsp;Nicole L. Zabik ,&nbsp;Brandee Feola ,&nbsp;Baxter Rogers ,&nbsp;Jennifer Urbano Blackford","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a small subcortical region that plays a critical role in a wide array of functions, including emotion processing, reward processing, and social interactions. The BNST intrinsic functional network has been well characterized in adults. Despite evidence that BNST connectivity changes during development, maturation of the BNST network has been understudied. To address this gap, we investigated age-related changes in BNST intrinsic connectivity in youth aged 8 – 23 years using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC), a large cross-sectional dataset. We measured intrinsic connectivity within a BNST network and across the whole brain, testing for effects of age, sex, and age x sex. The BNST ROI network analysis revealed a significant decrease with age for BNST-hypothalamus connectivity and, in boys, BNST-amygdala connectivity. The whole-brain results showed that BNST connectivity was largely established by middle childhood, though there were notable increases in BNST connectivity with motor and planning regions and decreases with age in BNST-subcortical connectivity. These data suggest a shift from subcortical to control-related BNST connectivity with age during this dynamic maturational window.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased sleep is linked longitudinally and directionally to alterations in the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture","authors":"M. Fiona Molloy ,&nbsp;Aman Taxali ,&nbsp;Mike Angstadt ,&nbsp;Katherine Toda-Thorne ,&nbsp;Katherine L. McCurry ,&nbsp;Alexander Weigard ,&nbsp;Omid Kardan ,&nbsp;Camille Lehrmann ,&nbsp;Joshua Vens ,&nbsp;Cleanthis Michael ,&nbsp;Mary M. Heitzeg ,&nbsp;Chandra Sripada","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous cross-sectional studies demonstrated that reduced sleep is associated with widespread changes in the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture. The present study extends this work by clarifying links between sleep and the developing brain during adolescence both <em>longitudinally</em> (across two years) and <em>directionally</em> (does reduced sleep cause connectivity changes or are connectivity changes the cause of reduced sleep?). Our novel approach combines the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a longitudinal observational study of 11,878 youth, and a second sample of 76 adult participants scanned after a typical night of sleep and after a sleep deprivation causal manipulation. First, in the ABCD dataset, we identified a robust and generalizable neurosignature of reduced sleep. Second, in an independent sample of ABCD participants, we demonstrate that greater reductions in sleep duration across two years are significantly related to greater expression of this neurosignature. Third, in the sleep deprivation dataset, we show that expression of the ABCD reduced sleep neurosignature is significantly increased within individuals following sleep deprivation, and that neurosignatures of reduced sleep from the two samples exhibit significant spatial correspondence. These results clarify links between sleep and the developing brain and provide novel evidence that changes in sleep produce characteristic brain functional connectivity changes across adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning in fetal, infant, and toddler neuroimaging research","authors":"Jenna H. Chin ,&nbsp;Madeleine K. Wyburd ,&nbsp;Vladislav Ayzenberg ,&nbsp;Laurie Bayet ,&nbsp;Berkin Bilgic ,&nbsp;Emily M. Chen ,&nbsp;Yuting Chen ,&nbsp;Áine Dineen ,&nbsp;Shohei Fujita ,&nbsp;Janelle Liu ,&nbsp;Yohan Jun ,&nbsp;M. Catalina Camacho ,&nbsp;Lilla Zöllei","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into everyday tasks and work environments. However, its adoption in medical image analysis has progressed more slowly due to high clinical stakes, limited availability of labeled data, and substantial variability in imaging protocols and population. These challenges are further pronounced in the field of fetal, infant, and toddler (FIT) neuroimaging, where datasets are especially scarce and subject to large amounts of anatomical variability. However, deep learning (DL), a specific method within machine learning, which is itself a subfield of AI, has emerged as a powerful framework to adapt to the challenges of medical image analysis. This review is written for the broad FIT research community, including clinicians, neuroscientists, and develop mental scientists who may not have formal training in AI. To make the material accessible, we provide a concise overview of DL concepts before reviewing a selected, and non-exhaustive, list of applications of DL in FIT neuroimaging, including structural image analysis, enhancement of data acquisition, modeling of cognitive and perceptual processes, and automated video tagging. In closing, we discuss best practices for data curation, ongoing challenges, and opportunities for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision functional mapping of the individual human brain near birth","authors":"Alyssa K. Labonte ,&nbsp;Julia Moser ,&nbsp;M. Catalina Camacho ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Cindy Tu ,&nbsp;Muriah D. Wheelock ,&nbsp;Timothy O. Laumann ,&nbsp;Evan M. Gordon ,&nbsp;Damien A. Fair ,&nbsp;Chad M. Sylvester","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cortical areas are a fundamental organizational property of the brain, but their development in humans is not well understood. Key unanswered questions include whether cortical areas are fully established near birth, the extent of individual variation in the arrangement of cortical areas, and whether any such individual variation in cortical area location is greater in later-developing association areas as compared to earlier-developing sensorimotor areas. To address these questions, we used functional MRI to collect precision functional mapping (PFM) data in eight individual neonates (mean 42.7 weeks postmenstrual age) over 2–5 days (mean 77.9 min of low motion data per subject [framewise displacement &lt;0.1]). Each subject’s dataset was split into two roughly equal halves of data from different days of data collection to measure within-subject reliability and across-subject similarity. Whole-brain patterns of functional connectivity (FC) reached a mean within-subject, across-day reliability of r = 0.78 with 41.9 min of data. Across subject similarity of whole-brain FC was r = 0.62 on average and significantly lower than within-subject similarity (t = 5.9, p &lt; 0.001). Using established methods to identify transitions in FC across the cortical surface, we identified sets of cortical areas for each individual that were subject-specific and highly reliable across split-halves (mean z = 4.4, SD=1.4). The arrangement of cortical areas was thus individually specific across the entire cortical surface, and this individual specificity did not vary as a function of the sensorimotor-association axis. This study establishes the feasibility of neonatal PFM and suggests that cortical area arrangement is individually specific and largely established shortly following birth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101663"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of dynamic networks supporting attentional flexibility","authors":"Sebastian C. Coleman ,&nbsp;Natalie Rhodes ,&nbsp;Simeon M. Wong ,&nbsp;Karim Mithani ,&nbsp;Nebras M. Warsi ,&nbsp;Hrishikesh Suresh ,&nbsp;Evdokia Anagnostou ,&nbsp;Jennifer Crosbie ,&nbsp;Russell Schachar ,&nbsp;Jason P. Lerch ,&nbsp;Margot J. Taylor ,&nbsp;George M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attentional flexibility is a foundational component of human cognition and develops substantially throughout childhood. Although the neural activity supporting attentional flexibility has been well-characterised in adults, its developmental trajectory during childhood and adolescence remains poorly understood. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study brain network dynamics underlying attentional set-shifting. MEG data were collected from 63 participants aged 4 – 19 years, including 30 with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We applied dynamic network modes (DyNeMo), a multivariate generative modelling approach that infers a dynamic mixture of spectrally resolved “modes” that generate the observed data. We related the resulting mode dynamics to task condition (non-shift, implicit shift, explicit shift), reaction time (RT), accuracy, age and ADHD diagnosis. Greater attention shifting demands were associated with increased modulation of frontal theta and posterior alpha modes. Transient lapses in attention, indexed by slower RTs or incorrect responses, were likewise characterised by heightened modulation of these modes across all task conditions. Developmentally, older children showed higher overall activity in the frontal theta mode, and stronger post-stimulus modulation of both frontal theta and posterior alpha modes. No significant effects of ADHD diagnosis were observed on either behavioural performance or mode dynamics. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insight into large-scale network dynamics that support the maturation of attentional flexibility, and point to network signatures associated with momentary lapses in attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of joint attention in infants aged 8–24 months: A systematic review","authors":"Vera Mateus ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Santos ,&nbsp;Ana Ganho Ávila ,&nbsp;Mónica Sobral ,&nbsp;Ana Osório ,&nbsp;Sara Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Joint attention, or the infant’s ability to coordinate their attention with a social partner towards an object, emerges around 9 months of age and becomes more frequent during the second year of life. Previous studies, especially with adults, highlight the involvement of several networks of the social brain in the processing of joint attention stimuli. This work aims to systematically review the literature on the neural correlates of joint attention in infants aged 8–24 months of age. Four databases were searched for empirical studies published in English from inception to July 2024 (updated in May 2025). Sixteen studies were included, using electroencephalography (EEG, <em>n</em> = 11), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS; <em>n</em> = 3), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; <em>n</em> = 2) to assess brain activation mainly in typically developing infants. EEG studies suggest a pattern of cortical activity in frontal, central and parietal regions of the infants’ brain, alpha-band desynchronization and larger amplitude of the negative central component in response to joint attention stimuli. fNIRS studies found increased activation in the superior temporal sulcus-temporoparietal junction and prefrontal regions of the brain. One fMRI study showed correlations between initiating joint attention and the functional connectivity in brain networks: visual, dorsal attention and default mode networks. In contrast, another study found no relation between left posterior superior temporal cortex connectivity and infant social communication. Findings highlight the importance of investigating the neural mechanisms underlying joint attention in infancy, and their contribution as early indicators of typical and atypical development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpredictable maternal signals and developmental profiles of child executive function from infancy to early childhood","authors":"Fiia Takio ,&nbsp;Pilvi Peura ,&nbsp;Akie Yada ,&nbsp;Anniina Karonen ,&nbsp;Pauliina Juntunen ,&nbsp;Eeva Holmberg ,&nbsp;Eeva Eskola ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Nordenswan ,&nbsp;Kirby Deater-Deckard ,&nbsp;Eeva-Leena Kataja ,&nbsp;Asko Tolvanen ,&nbsp;Laura Perasto ,&nbsp;Elina Mainela-Arnold ,&nbsp;Elysia Poggi Davis ,&nbsp;Hasse Karlsson ,&nbsp;Linnea Karlsson ,&nbsp;Saara Nolvi ,&nbsp;Riikka Korja","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early executive function (EF) development is crucial for later cognitive and socioemotional outcomes, yet the role of environmental unpredictability, particularly in patterns of maternal sensory signals, remains underexplored. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the associations between unpredictability in maternal sensory signals and children’s early EF profiles from infancy through the preschool years. Using a population-based birth cohort, we observed a small but significant decrease in the unpredictability of maternal sensory signals over time. This suggests that caregiving predictability may increase as children develop. Nonetheless, within-individual unpredictability showed some stability across time. Importantly, lower unpredictability of maternal sensory signals was associated with membership in more favorable EF profiles, characterized by stronger working memory performance at age five. In contrast, children exposed to more unpredictable maternal sensory signals demonstrated poorer early EF development. These findings build on and extend prior work by modeling unpredictability of maternal sensory signals longitudinally beyond toddlerhood and linking it to children's EF development, highlighting the prolonged sensitivity of EFs to caregiving behavior. Our results underscore that unpredictability in caregiving behavior is a unique and critical factor in shaping early cognitive development and self-regulation. The findings align with emerging cross-species research indicating that patterns of sensory signals are vital not only for sensory processing but also for the development of higher-order cognitive functions. Together, these findings highlight the importance of addressing caregiving unpredictability in early interventions aimed at supporting children’s EF development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language exposure predicts infants’ neural processing of others’ actions based on language group","authors":"Yiyi Wang ,&nbsp;Marc Colomer ,&nbsp;Hyesung Grace Hwang ,&nbsp;Enda Tan ,&nbsp;Nathan A. Fox ,&nbsp;Amanda Woodward","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What language a person speaks has been shown to divide even infants' worlds. However, open questions remain about what neural processes are involved in the differentiation of native and foreign speakers in the infant's brain. This study used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the neural responses related to top-down attention (frontal theta synchronization), action processing (mu desynchronization), and approach-avoidance (frontal alpha asymmetry) of 8- to 12-month-old infants as they observed a native (English) speaker and a foreign (French) speaker perform a goal-directed action (i.e., grasping objects). We further examined whether infants’ language exposure modulated these neural responses. We found that monolingual infants exhibited stronger mu desynchronization when observing a native (versus foreign) speaker perform goal-directed actions. In contrast, non-monolingual (i.e., hearing more than one language) infants did not show a difference in mu desynchronization between native and foreign speakers. No language group and exposure effects were found for frontal theta and frontal alpha symmetry. These results suggest that infants’ emerging differentiation of native and foreign speakers is also manifested in their neural processing of goal-directed actions and that this neural action processing is shaped by early exposure to different languages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101645"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}