Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第2页

Cognitive interference elicits developmental sex differences in inhibitory control 认知干扰引起抑制控制的发育性别差异

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101590

Jake J. Son , Abraham D. Killanin , Mikki Schantell , Yasra Arif , Thomas W. Ward , Maggie P. Rempe , Grace C. Ende , Hannah J. Okelberry , Danielle L. Rice , Anna T. Coutant , Julia M. Stephen , Yu-Ping Wang , Vince D. Calhoun , Alex I. Wiesman , Tony W. Wilson

{"title":"Cognitive interference elicits developmental sex differences in inhibitory control","authors":"Jake J. Son , Abraham D. Killanin , Mikki Schantell , Yasra Arif , Thomas W. Ward , Maggie P. Rempe , Grace C. Ende , Hannah J. Okelberry , Danielle L. Rice , Anna T. Coutant , Julia M. Stephen , Yu-Ping Wang , Vince D. Calhoun , Alex I. Wiesman , Tony W. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhibitory control is a key component of cognitive control that enables children and adolescents to develop increasingly complex skills throughout development. These processes are subject to insult via endogenous and environmental stressors (e.g., puberty, trauma) and alterations can lead to significant behavioral impairments that persist into adulthood. Despite this, the normative developmental course of neural oscillatory activity underlying interference control, a critical subcomponent of inhibitory control, and potential sex differences along this course, remain poorly understood. Herein, we utilized high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the Eriksen flanker task to map the developmental sensitivity of neural processes supporting interference control in a large sample of children and adolescents (N = 121). MEG data were transformed into the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged using a beamformer. Whole-brain analysis of flanker interference maps (i.e., incongruent - congruent trials) revealed age-related decreases in theta power in the supplementary motor area and cerebellum. Furthermore, regions known to be critical for supporting cognitive control, including the prefrontal and parietal cortices, exhibited age-by-sex interactive effects, suggesting modulation of interference control throughout development in a sex-dependent manner. Taken together, these data contribute to the characterization of the electrophysiological mechanisms supporting the development and refinement of interference control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognition is associated with task-related brain network reconfiguration in late childhood 认知与儿童后期任务相关的大脑网络重构有关

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101589

Mackenzie E. Mitchell , Ashley J. Jaimes , Tehila Nugiel

{"title":"Cognition is associated with task-related brain network reconfiguration in late childhood","authors":"Mackenzie E. Mitchell , Ashley J. Jaimes , Tehila Nugiel","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to transition between a resting state and carrying out cognitively-demanding processes the brain makes a host of subtle changes to its network organization. In adults, less reconfiguration relates to better task performance, suggesting a preconfigured brain organization at rest is beneficial, such that only minute changes are required to execute task demands. Here, we take a developmental lens to this phenomenon, examining reconfiguration in late childhood by leveraging a large sample of 9–11 year olds from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. We find more reconfiguration between the resting state and two executive function tasks is related to better task performance. These relationships hold even when accounting for network segregation, though segregation was negatively related to reconfiguration. Reconfiguration was also related to crystallized intelligence, with diverging effects across tasks. Overall, these findings demonstrate that in contrast to adulthood during late childhood, before functional brain networks are fully mature, greater reconfiguration promotes successful task performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, longitudinal changes in within-network connectivity, and academic outcomes in the ABCD study ABCD研究中社会经济劣势、网络内连通性的纵向变化和学术成果之间的关系

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101587

Divyangana Rakesh , Ekaterina Sadikova , Katie A. McLaughlin

{"title":"Associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, longitudinal changes in within-network connectivity, and academic outcomes in the ABCD study","authors":"Divyangana Rakesh , Ekaterina Sadikova , Katie A. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) is consistently linked to lower academic achievement among adolescents, with early disparities persisting into adulthood. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations are not well understood. This preregistered study investigates the associations between household and neighborhood disadvantage—measured by income-to-needs ratio, parental educational attainment, and neighborhood SES—changes in within-network functional connectivity, and school grades, using longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 4745; age at baseline = 119.1 ± 7.5 months; age at 2-year follow up = 143.6 ± 7.8 months; age at 3-year follow up = 154.8 ± 7.7 months). Within-network connectivity changed significantly from baseline to follow-up, increasing in most networks (e.g., default mode, fronto-parietal) and decreasing in a few (e.g., salience, ventral attention). After controlling for other SES indicators, parental education and neighborhood disadvantage, but not income, were associated with changes in connectivity across several brain networks, including reduced increases in default mode, cingulo-opercular, and visual network connectivity and greater increases in within-sensorimotor network connectivity. Further, changes in sensorimotor connectivity mediated the relationship between parental educational attainment and academic achievement three years later. These findings highlight the importance of parental education and neighborhood environments in shaping neurodevelopmental trajectories that influence academic outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms that link socioeconomic disadvantage with academic outcomes could inform interventions aimed at reducing persistent achievement gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causal effects of physical activity and screen time on childhood intelligence via Mendelian randomization: The mediating role of intracranial volume 通过孟德尔随机化，体育活动和屏幕时间对儿童智力的因果影响：颅内容积的中介作用

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101586

Junjiao Feng , Yi Wan , Liang Zhang

{"title":"Causal effects of physical activity and screen time on childhood intelligence via Mendelian randomization: The mediating role of intracranial volume","authors":"Junjiao Feng , Yi Wan , Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing evidence suggests that physical activity and screen time affect intelligence (IQ) during childhood, a critical period for brain development, yet the relationship between these factors remains controversial. Using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR), we investigated these associations while accounting for potential reverse causality. Our two-sample MR analysis revealed a positive causal effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) on childhood IQ (<em>β</em> = 0.42, 95 % confidence interval (CI): [0.12, 0.72], <em>p</em> = 6.26 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), whereas leisure screen time (LST) exhibited a negative causal effect (<em>β</em> = −0.35, 95 % CI: [ −0.60, −0.10], <em>p</em> = 5.59 ×10<sup>−3</sup>). Reverse MR analysis found no evidence of causations. A two-step MR mediation framework further suggested that the intracranial volume (ICV) mediated 21.69 % (95 % CI: [15.25 %, 28.13 %]) of the negative effect of LST on childhood IQ. These MR-derived findings demonstrate that PA positively influences childhood IQ, whereas LST negatively impacts it, partly through reduced ICV. By leveraging genetic instruments, this study strengthens causal inference and highlights the potential of PA promotion and screen time reduction to support cognitive development. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and their long-term cognitive consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fetal functional connectivity: Examining the role of prenatal maternal depression symptoms using graph theory 胎儿功能连通性：使用图论检查产前母亲抑郁症状的作用

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101585

Ellyn Reed , Lanxin Ji , Marjorie Beeghly , Amyn Majbri , Tanya Bhatia , Mark Duffy , Iris Menu , Christopher Trentacosta , Moriah E. Thomason

{"title":"Fetal functional connectivity: Examining the role of prenatal maternal depression symptoms using graph theory","authors":"Ellyn Reed , Lanxin Ji , Marjorie Beeghly , Amyn Majbri , Tanya Bhatia , Mark Duffy , Iris Menu , Christopher Trentacosta , Moriah E. Thomason","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Altered fetal brain function is proposed as a mechanism underlying the relationship between prenatal maternal depression (PMD) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. This study investigated the association between PMD symptoms and fetal brain functional connectivity (FC) using graph theory. A total of 123 pregnant women participated in the study, completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and underwent fetal MRI scans. Results revealed a significant relationship between elevated PMD symptoms and reduced global efficiency in the right insular region of the fetal brain. However, because fetal age was not associated with local or global efficiency in the insular brain region, we cannot determine if the PMD-related reduction in insula global efficiency is indicative of an accelerated or delayed developmental pattern. This study is one of the few to examine fetal brain connectivity in relation to prenatal maternal depression, providing valuable insights into early neurodevelopmental risks and potential targets for early intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multimodal analysis of neural signals related to source memory encoding in young children 幼儿源记忆编码相关神经信号的多模态分析

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101580

Yuqing Lei , John Richards , Fengji Geng , Tracy Riggins

{"title":"Multimodal analysis of neural signals related to source memory encoding in young children","authors":"Yuqing Lei , John Richards , Fengji Geng , Tracy Riggins","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of source memory is an important milestone during memory development. Decades of research has explored neural correlates of source memory using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, connections between findings from the two approaches, particularly within children, remain unclear. This study identified fMRI-informed cortical sources of two EEG signals during memory encoding, the P2 and the late slow wave (LSW), that predicted subsequent source memory performance in a sample of children aged 4 to 8 years. Both P2 and LSW were source localized to cortical areas of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), reflecting MTL’s crucial role in both early-stage information processing and late-stage integration of memory, and validating LSW’s suspected role in memory updating. The P2 effect was localized to all six tested subregions of cortical MTL in both left and right hemispheres, whereas the LSW effect was only localized to the parahippocampal cortex and entorhinal cortex. P2 was additionally localized to multiple areas in the frontoparietal network, suggesting interactions between memory encoding and other cognitive functions. These results reflect the importance and potential of considering both spatial and temporal aspects of neural activity to decode memory mechanisms, paving the way for future developmental research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-referential encoding in the developing brain 发育中的大脑中的自我参照编码

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101581

Hilary Sweatman , Ying He , Ross Lawrence , Xiaoqian J. Chai

{"title":"Self-referential encoding in the developing brain","authors":"Hilary Sweatman , Ying He , Ross Lawrence , Xiaoqian J. Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Episodic memory is closely linked to the self and information related to the self tends to be better remembered. In adults, the brain’s default mode network (DMN) supports self-referential thought and memory, with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) being important for both functions. How the DMN supports self-referential encoding in children, and where in the mPFC the processes of self-referencing and episodic memory interact, is unknown. We investigated the neural development of self-referential encoding in 83 participants ages 7—25. While undergoing MRI, participants viewed objects and answered self-referential or semantic questions. Self-referential compared to semantic encoding resulted in better recollection across all ages. Self-referential encoding was associated with greater activation across the DMN and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), with age-related increases in the dorsal mPFC and left IFG. Region-of-interest analyses revealed the interaction of self-referential episodic memory in the anterior mPFC and left hippocampus. The dorsal and anterior mPFC showed a counteraction effect of self-related thinking with the previously demonstrated age-related increase in DMN deactivation for subsequent memory encoding. These results suggest that self-referential facilitation matures and interacts with the episodic memory system in the brain to support the development of episodic memory from childhood to adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parent-adolescent closeness predicts neurophysiological reward responsiveness in adolescent girls at varying risk for depression 父母与青少年的亲密关系可以预测不同抑郁风险的青春期女孩的神经生理奖励反应

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101579

Julianne M. Griffith , Anna Wears , Nastasia O. McDonald , Jennifer S. Silk , Rebecca B. Price , Mary L. Woody

{"title":"Parent-adolescent closeness predicts neurophysiological reward responsiveness in adolescent girls at varying risk for depression","authors":"Julianne M. Griffith , Anna Wears , Nastasia O. McDonald , Jennifer S. Silk , Rebecca B. Price , Mary L. Woody","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Risk for depression rises during adolescence, particularly among children of depressed mothers. Altered neurophysiological reward processing, measured using event-related potentials (ERPs), is related to depression vulnerability. However, it is unclear whether disruptions in youth reward responsiveness are driven by parental reward dysfunction (e.g., anhedonia) versus parent-child relationship factors (e.g., closeness). This work examined concurrent and prospective associations between youth neurophysiological reward responsiveness and parental anhedonia, parent-adolescent discord, and parent-adolescent closeness. Participants included 93 youth assigned female at birth (ages 13–15) and their mothers (<em>n</em> = 62 with a depression history). Youth reward responsiveness was assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up using the reward positivity (RewP) ERP component. Parental anhedonia, parent-adolescent discord, and parent-adolescent closeness were measured at each timepoint using questionnaires. Regression analyses demonstrated positive concurrent associations between parent-adolescent closeness and youth RewP at both timepoints. RewP was not significantly related to parental anhedonia or parent-adolescent discord, and no prospective cross-lagged effects were observed. Among adolescents at varying depression risk, youth with greater closeness with their mothers consistently demonstrated enhanced reward responsiveness, even after accounting for adolescent depressive symptoms and maternal depression history. Findings suggest that positive, but not negative, aspects of parent-child relationships are related to adolescent responsiveness to reward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A six-year longitudinal study examining chronicity and timing of maltreatment effects on risk-related functional connectivity change across adolescence 一项为期六年的纵向研究，研究了虐待对青少年风险相关功能连接变化的慢性和时间影响

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101577

Morgan Lindenmuth , Ya-Yun Chen , Tae-Ho Lee , Natalie Melville , Brooks Casas , Jungmeen Kim-Spoon

{"title":"A six-year longitudinal study examining chronicity and timing of maltreatment effects on risk-related functional connectivity change across adolescence","authors":"Morgan Lindenmuth , Ya-Yun Chen , Tae-Ho Lee , Natalie Melville , Brooks Casas , Jungmeen Kim-Spoon","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Childhood adversity is associated with negative mental health outcomes. Research proposes sensitive periods for the effects of adversity on brain development, yet little is known about the developmental timing effects of abuse and neglect on neural mechanisms underlying risk-related decision making. This study examined 1) trajectories of neural connectivity during risk processing, and 2) how abuse and neglect during early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence are associated with changes in functional connectivity during risk processing. A sample of 167 adolescents were assessed annually for six years (mean age 14–20 years). Adolescents completed a lottery choice task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (fMRI) and reported maltreatment experiences between ages 1 and 18. Generalized psychophysiological interactions (gPPI) was used to examine task-based functional connectivity in the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during risk processing. Growth curve models revealed increases in insula-dACC connectivity strength across adolescence. Chronic abuse statistically predicted weaker insula-dACC connectivity in late adolescence, and no significant sensitive periods emerged. Results suggest abuse may be linked to delayed maturation in salience network connectivity during risk processing and highlight the importance of distinguishing between effects of abuse and neglect on neural connectivity involved in risk-related decision making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A developmental neuroscience perspective on youth contributions and challenges in a changing society 从发展神经科学的角度看青年在变化社会中的贡献和挑战。

IF 4.6 2区医学

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101558

Kathy T. Do, Suzanne van de Groep, Eveline A. Crone, Christian K. Tamnes

引用次数: 0