Elizabeth E L Buimer, Pascal Pas, Carlijn van den Boomen, Mathijs Raemaekers, Rachel M Brouwer, Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
{"title":"Age- and sex-related differences in social competence and emotion labeling in pre-adolescence.","authors":"Elizabeth E L Buimer, Pascal Pas, Carlijn van den Boomen, Mathijs Raemaekers, Rachel M Brouwer, Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identification of facial expressions is important to navigate social interactions and associates with developmental outcomes. It is presumed that social competence, behavioral emotion labeling and neural emotional face processing are related, but this has rarely been studied. Here, we investigated these interrelations and their associations with age and sex, in the YOUth cohort (1055 children, 8-11 years old). Using a multistep linear modelling approach, we associated parent-reported social competence, basic emotion labeling skills based on pictures of facial expressions, and neural facial emotion processing during a passive-watching fMRI task with pictures of houses and emotional faces. Results showed better emotion labeling and higher social competence for girls compared to boys. Age was positively associated with emotion labeling skills and specific social competence subscales. These age- and sex-differences were not reflected in brain function. During fMRI, happy faces elicited more activity than neutral or fearful faces. However, we did not find evidence for the hypothesized links between social competence and behavioral emotion labeling, and with neural activity. To conclude, in pre-adolescents, social competence and emotion labeling varied with age and sex, while social competence, emotion labeling and neural processing of emotional faces were not associated with each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florence Hilliard, Holly Horan, Aleksandra E Zgierska, Renee C Edwards
{"title":"Establishing a model of peer support for pregnant persons with a substance use disorder as an innovative approach for engaging participants in the healthy brain and child development study.","authors":"Florence Hilliard, Holly Horan, Aleksandra E Zgierska, Renee C Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The goal is to recruit over 7000 caregiver-child dyads across the United States, with 25 % of the study population comprising children exposed in utero to substances to better understanding the effects of prenatal substance exposure on fetal and child development. However, barriers of mistrust for pregnant persons who are substance involved can create challenges to recruiting and retaining this population. The HBCD Study is utilizing a novel approach in research, the inclusion of support professionals (i.e. study navigators) as research team members to boost recruitment, engagement, and retention in this population and other marginalized and underrepresented groups. This article describes the conceptualization and early implementation of a support model utilizing certified peer support specialists, and the evolution to a broader study navigator model (SNM). Core skills, training, and support necessary for integrating such support professionals onto the research team are outlined. A reflection on challenges and next steps describes how the early implementation of the SNM encourages a paradigm shift in longitudinal research that humanizes and centers the participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyong Zhao, Ruolin Li, Yihan Wu, Mingyang Li, Dan Wu
{"title":"State-dependent inter-network functional connectivity development in neonatal brain from the developing human connectome project.","authors":"Zhiyong Zhao, Ruolin Li, Yihan Wu, Mingyang Li, Dan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although recent studies have consistently reported the emergence of resting-state networks in early infancy, the changes in inter-network functional connectivity with age are controversial and the alterations in its dynamics remain unclear at this stage. This study aimed to investigate dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) using resting-state functional MRI in 244 full-term (age: 37-44 weeks) and 36 preterm infants (age: 37-43 weeks) from the dHCP dataset. We evaluated whether early dFNC exhibits age-dependent changes and is influenced by preterm birth. Gestational age (GA) and postnatal age (PNA) showed different effects on variance of FNC change over time during fMRI scan in resting-state networks, especially among high-order association networks. These variances were significantly reduced by preterm birth. Moreover, two states of weakly-connected (State Ⅰ) and strongly-connected (State Ⅱ) FNC were identified. The fraction window and dwell time in State Ⅰ, and the transition from State Ⅱ to State Ⅰ, all showed significantly negative correlations with both GA and PNA. Preterm-born infants spent a longer time in the weakly-connected state compared to term-born infants. These findings suggest a state-dependent development of dynamic FNC across brain networks in the early stages, gradually reconfiguring towards a more flexible and dynamic system with stronger connections.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia A Carreno, Megan E Evans, Blakely K Lockhart, Oziomachukwu Chinaka, Benjamin Katz, Martha Ann Bell, Brittany R Howell
{"title":"Optimizing infant neuroimaging methods to understand the neurodevelopmental impacts of early nutrition and feeding.","authors":"Claudia A Carreno, Megan E Evans, Blakely K Lockhart, Oziomachukwu Chinaka, Benjamin Katz, Martha Ann Bell, Brittany R Howell","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is strong evidence proper nutrition is imperative for healthy infant neurodevelopment, providing the neural foundations for later cognition and behavior. Over the first years of life infants are supported by unique sources of nutrition (e.g., human milk, alternative milk sources). It is during this time that the brain undergoes its most drastic changes during postnatal development. Past research has examined associations between infant feeding and nutrition and morphological features of the brain, yet there remains a paucity of information on functional characteristics of neural activity during feeding. Within this article, we discuss how neuroimaging modalities can be optimized for researching the impacts of infant feeding and nutrition on brain function. We review past research utilizing EEG and fNIRS and describe our efforts to further develop neuroimaging approaches that allow for measurement of brain activity during active feeding with greater spatial resolution (e.g., fMRI and OPM-MEG). We also discuss current challenges, as well as the scientific and logistical limitations of each method. Once protocols have been optimized, these methods will provide the requisite insight into the underlying mechanisms of nutritional and feeding impacts on neurodevelopment, providing the missing piece in the field's efforts to understand this essential and ubiquitous part of early life.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Co-developing sleep-wake and sensory foundations for cognition in the human fetus and newborn.","authors":"Kimberley Whitehead","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In older children and adults, cognition builds upon waking sensory experience which is consolidated during sleep. In the fetus and newborn, sensory input is instead largely experienced during sleep. The nature of these sensory inputs differs within sleep, between active and quiet sleep, as well as versus wakefulness. Here, sleep-wake organisation in the fetus and newborn is reviewed, and then its interaction with sensory inputs discussed with a focus on somatosensory and auditory modalities. Next, these ideas are applied to how neurological insults affect early development, using fetal growth restriction as a test case. Finally, the argument is made that taking account of sleep-wake state during perinatal functional neuroimaging can better index sensorimotor, language, and cognitive brain activities, potentially improving its diagnostic and prognostic value. To sum up, sensory and sleep-wake functions go hand in hand during early human development. Perturbation of these twinned functions by neurological insults may mediate later neurodevelopmental deficits. Perinatal neuroimaging has the potential to track these trajectories, feasibly identifying opportunities to therapeutically intervene.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Caregiver-child neural synchrony: Magic, mirage, or developmental mechanism?","authors":"Ellen C Roche, Elizabeth Redcay, Rachel R Romeo","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young children transition in and out of synchronous states with their caregivers across physiology, behavior, and brain activity, but what do these synchronous periods mean? One body of two-brain studies using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) finds that individual, family, and moment-to-moment behavioral and contextual factors are associated with caregiver-child neural synchrony, while another body of literature finds that neural synchrony is associated with positive child outcomes. Taken together, it is tempting to conclude that caregiver-child neural synchrony may act as a foundational developmental mechanism linking children's experiences to their healthy development, but many questions remain. In this review, we synthesize recent findings and open questions from caregiver-child studies using fNIRS, which is uniquely well suited for use with caregivers and children, but also laden with unique constraints. Throughout, we highlight open questions alongside best practices for optimizing two-brain fNIRS to examine hypothesized developmental mechanisms. We particularly emphasize the need to consider immediate and global stressors as context for interpretation of neural synchrony findings, and the need for full inclusion of socioeconomically and racially diverse families in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M R Gonzalez, C Cardenas-Iniguez, D E Linares, S Wonnum, K Bagot, E J White, A Cuan, S DiMatteo, Y D Akiel, P Lindsley, J C Harris, E Perez-Amparan, T D Powell, Comité Organizador Latino de City Heights Colch, G Dowling, D Alkire, W K Thompson, T M Murray
{"title":"Responsible research in health disparities using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development<sup>SM</sup> (ABCD) study.","authors":"M R Gonzalez, C Cardenas-Iniguez, D E Linares, S Wonnum, K Bagot, E J White, A Cuan, S DiMatteo, Y D Akiel, P Lindsley, J C Harris, E Perez-Amparan, T D Powell, Comité Organizador Latino de City Heights Colch, G Dowling, D Alkire, W K Thompson, T M Murray","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development<sup>SM</sup> (ABCD) Study is the largest longitudinal study on brain development and adolescent health in the United States. The study includes a sociodemographically diverse cohort of nearly 12,000 youth born 2005-2009, with an open science model of making data rapidly available to the scientific community. The ABCD Study® data has been used in over 1100 peer-reviewed publications since its first data release in 2018. The dataset contains a broad scope and comprehensive set of measures of youths' behavioral, health, and brain outcomes, as well as extensive contextual and environmental measures that map onto the social determinants of health (SDOH). Understanding the impact of SDOH on the developmental trajectories of youth will help to address early lifecourse health inequities that lead to disparities later in life. However, the open science model and extensive use of ABCD data highlight the need for guidance on appropriate, responsible, and equitable use of the data.</p><p><strong>Design methods: </strong>Our conceptual framework integrates the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Research Framework with strength-based and data equity perspectives. We use this framework to articulate best practices and methods for investigations that aim to identify the multilevel pathways by which structural and systemic inequities impact adolescent health trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using our conceptual model, we provide recommendations for equitable health disparities research using ABCD Study data. We identify over fifty ABCD measures that can encompass SDOH across five levels of influence: individual, interpersonal, school, community, and societal. We expand the societal level to acknowledge structural discrimination as the root cause of systemic and structural inequities resulting in health disparities among marginalized youth. We apply the methodological recommendations in an example data analysis using a multi-level approach that integrates strength-based and data equity perspectives to elucidate pathways by which social and structural inequities may influence cognitive decision making in youth. We conclude with recommendations for strengthening the utility of ABCD data for health disparities research now and in the future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescence is a critical period of development with subsequent ramifications for health outcomes across the lifespan. Thus, understanding SDOH among diverse youth can inform prevention interventions before the emergence of health disparities in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi Yu Chan, Jasmine Si Min Chuah, Pei Huang, Ai Peng Tan
{"title":"Social behavior in ASD males: The interplay between cognitive flexibility, working memory, and functional connectivity deviations.","authors":"Shi Yu Chan, Jasmine Si Min Chuah, Pei Huang, Ai Peng Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heterogeneous in presentation. While abnormalities in brain functional connectivity are consistently observed in autistic males, the neurobiological basis underlying the different domains of autism symptoms is unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether individual variations in functional connectivity deviations map to social behavior in ASD males. Using neuroimaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), we modeled normative trajectories of between-network resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in non-ASD males across childhood (n = 321). These normative charts were then applied to ASD males (n = 418) to calculate individual deviation scores (z-scores) that reflect the degree of rsFC atypicality. Deviations in rsFC patterns among the default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and somatomotor network (SMN) were associated with distinct dimensions of social behavior. Cognitive flexibility and working memory mediated the association between VANxDMN z-scores and social behavioral problems. Our findings underscore the potential of normative models to identify atypical brain connectivity at an individual level, revealing the neurobiological patterns associated with social behavioral problems in ASD that are critical for precision diagnosis and intervention. Social outcomes in ASD males may be improved by targeting cognitive flexibility and working memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elyse L Morin, Erin R Siebert, Brittany R Howell, Melinda Higgins, Tanja Jovanovic, Andrew M Kazama, Mar M Sanchez
{"title":"Effects of early maternal care on anxiety and threat learning in adolescent nonhuman primates.","authors":"Elyse L Morin, Erin R Siebert, Brittany R Howell, Melinda Higgins, Tanja Jovanovic, Andrew M Kazama, Mar M Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early life adverse experiences, including childhood maltreatment, are major risk factors for psychopathology, including anxiety disorders with dysregulated fear responses. Consistent with human studies, maltreatment by the mother (MALT) leads to increased emotional reactivity in rhesus monkey infants. Whether this persists and results in altered emotion regulation, due to enhanced fear learning or impaired utilization of safety signals as shown in human stress-related disorders, is unclear. Here we used a rhesus model of MALT to examine long-term effects on state anxiety and threat/safety learning in 25 adolescents, using a fear conditioning paradigm (AX+/BX-) with acoustic startle amplitude as the peripheral measure. The AX+/BX- paradigm measures baseline startle, fear-potentiated startle, threat/safety cue discrimination, startle attenuation by safety signals, and extinction. Baseline startle was higher in MALT animals, suggesting elevated state anxiety. No differences in threat learning, or threat/safety discrimination were detected. However, MALT animals showed generalized blunted responses to the conditioned threat cue, regardless of the safety cue presence in the transfer test, and took longer to extinguish spontaneously recovered threat. These findings suggest adverse caregiving experiences have long-term impacts on adolescent emotion regulation, including elevated state anxiety and blunted fear conditioning responses, consistent with reports in children with maltreatment exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Otten, J Christopher Edgar, Heather L Green, Kylie Mol, Marybeth McNamee, Emily S Kuschner, Mina Kim, Song Liu, Hao Huang, Marisa Nordt, Kerstin Konrad, Yuhan Chen
{"title":"The maturation of infant and toddler visual cortex neural activity and associations with fine motor performance.","authors":"Katharina Otten, J Christopher Edgar, Heather L Green, Kylie Mol, Marybeth McNamee, Emily S Kuschner, Mina Kim, Song Liu, Hao Huang, Marisa Nordt, Kerstin Konrad, Yuhan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our understanding of how visual cortex neural processes mature during infancy and toddlerhood is limited. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), the present study investigated the development of visual evoked responses (VERs) in cross-sectional and longitudinal samples of infants and toddlers 2 months to 3 years. Brain space analyses focused on N1m and P1m latency, as well as N1m-to-P1m amplitude. Associations between VER measures and developmental quotient (DQ) scores in the cognitive/visual and fine motor domains were also examined. Results showed a nonlinear decrease in N1m and P1m latency as a function of age, characterized by rapid changes followed by slower progression, with the N1m latency plateauing at 6-7 months and the P1m latency plateauing at 8-9 months. The N1m-to-P1m amplitude also exhibited a non-linear decrease, with strong responses observed in younger infants (∼2-3 months) and then a gradual decline. Associations between N1m and P1m latency and fine motor DQ scores were observed, suggesting that infants with faster visual processing may be better equipped to perform fine motor tasks. The present findings advance our understanding of the maturation of the infant visual system and highlight the relationship between the maturation of the visual system and fine motor skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":49083,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"71 ","pages":"101501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}