Acta Neuropsychiatrica最新文献

{"title":"Individual responses of rodents in modelling of affective disorders and in their treatment: prospective review.","authors":"Haim Einat,&nbsp;Itamar Ezer,&nbsp;Nirit Z Kara,&nbsp;Catherine Belzung","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionLack of good animal models for affective disorders, including major depression and bipolar disorder, is noted as a major bottleneck in attempts to study these disorders and develop better treatments. We suggest that an important approach that can help in the development and use of better models is attention to variability between model animals. RESULTS: Differences between mice strains were studied for some decades now, and sex differences get more attention than in the past. It is suggested that one factor that is mostly neglected, individual variability within groups, should get much more attention. The importance of individual differences in behavioral biology and ecology was repeatedly mentioned but its application to models of affective illness or to the study of drug response was not heavily studied. The standard approach is to overcome variability by standardization and by increasing the number of animals per group. CONCLUSIONS: Possibly, the individuality of specific animals and their unique responses to a variety of stimuli and drugs, can be helpful in deciphering the underlying biology of affective behaviors as well as offer better prediction of drug responses in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36228569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular risk factors and the relationships between cognitive impairment and hypoperfusion in late-onset Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Michio Takahashi,&nbsp;Yasunori Oda,&nbsp;Koichi Sato,&nbsp;Yukihiko Shirayama","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our recent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealed that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was reduced in the frontal, temporal, and limbic lobes, and to a lesser degree in the parietal and occipital lobes. Moreover, these patients' scores on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) were significantly correlated with rCBF in some gyri of the frontal, parietal, and limbic lobes. Our present study aimed to understand how vascular factors and metabolic disease influenced the relationship between rCBF and ADAS-cog scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We divided late-onset AD patients into two groups according to their Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS), low vascular risk patients had values of ≤4 (n=25) and high vascular risk patients had scores ≥5 (n=15). We examined rCBF using brain perfusion SPECT data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The degrees and patterns of reduced rCBF were largely similar between late-onset AD patients in both groups, regardless of HIS values. Cognitive function was significantly associated with rCBF among late-onset AD patients with low vascular risk (HIS≤4), but not among those with high vascular risk (HIS≥5). Furthermore, metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, disrupted the relationships between hypoperfusion and cognitive impairments in late-onset AD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Factors other than hypoperfusion, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, could be involved in the cognitive dysfunction of late-onset AD patients with high vascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36414543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediator effects of parameters of inflammation and neurogenesis from a N-acetyl cysteine clinical-trial for bipolar depression.","authors":"Bruna Panizzutti,&nbsp;Chiara Bortolasci,&nbsp;Kyoko Hasebe,&nbsp;Srisaiyini Kidnapillai,&nbsp;Laura Gray,&nbsp;Ken Walder,&nbsp;Michael Berk,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mohebbi,&nbsp;Seetal Dodd,&nbsp;Clarissa Gama,&nbsp;Pedro V Magalhães,&nbsp;Susan M Cotton,&nbsp;Flávio Kapczinski,&nbsp;Ashley I Bush,&nbsp;Gin S Malhi,&nbsp;Olivia M Dean","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore effects of adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on markers of inflammation and neurogenesis in bipolar depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary analysis of a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Serum samples were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 32 of the open-label and maintenance phases of the clinical trial to determine changes in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following adjunctive NAC treatment, and to explore mediation and moderator effects of the listed markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL) -6, 8, or 10 were not significantly changed during the course of the trial or specifically in the open-label and maintenance phases. There were no mediation or moderation effects of the biological factors on the clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that these particular biological parameters may not be directly involved in the therapeutic mechanism of action of adjunctive NAC in bipolar depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36312510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Katakam and co-workers have not shown SSRIs to be harmful and ineffective and should stop claiming that they have.","authors":"Fredrik Hieronymus,&nbsp;Alexander Lisinski,&nbsp;Jakob Näslund,&nbsp;Elias Eriksson","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Funded by the Danish state to provide guidance in health-related matters, the Copenhagen Trial Unit (CTU) at Rigshospitalet may cause considerable societal harm if allowing their analyses to be influenced by bias and prejudice rather than rigor and impartiality. This is why we found it worthwhile to comment on a report from the CTU in which the authors invoked analyses marred by numerous errors and methodological mistakes to claim that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are harmful and ineffective. The CTU group has now produced a response to our comment which is on par with their original contribution in terms of bias, misconceptions and mistakes. Our conclusion is that the reputation of the CTU would be best served by the authors asking for retraction of their SSRI paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36325033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) in measurement-based care of patients with psychotic depression.","authors":"Per Bech","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.18","url":null,"abstract":"The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) (1) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (2) were developed to measure the changes in clinical states resulting from treatment with antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs, respectively. In measurementbased care of depression or schizophrenia the HAMD and the BPRS have been considered as item banks from which short and valid subscales can be derived to increase the responsiveness, for instance, in demonstrating dose–response relationship of antidepressants or antipsychotics (3). The Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS) has been developed and validated by Østergaard et al. (4,5) in using the most relevant items from the HAM-D and BPRS banks. Thus, the PDAS contains the six items in the HAM-D6 subscale (6): depression mood, guilt, work and interests, psychomotor retardation, psychic anxiety, and somatic symptoms (tiredness and pains). From BPRS a five-item subscale has been included: hallucinatory behaviour, unusual thought content, suspiciousness, emotional withdrawal, and bunted affect. In this short communication, Köse and Østergaard (7) have evaluated the PDAS when rested in itself by a semi-structured interview. This evaluation has covered the two clinimetric analyses as described by Bech et al. (8), namely both a microanalysis and a macroanalysis. In the microanalysis it is evaluated to what extent the items in the scale fulfil the test of scalability (e.g. the coefficient of homogeneity) for using the total score as a sufficient measure of symptoms severity on the dimension being examined. The macroanalysis is concerned with the standardisation of the total score, for example, when identifying the cut-off score for remission in patients treated for psychotic depression. Köse and Østergaard (7) have demonstrated an acceptable scalability of the PDAS with a coefficient of homogeneity above the level of 0.40, in contrast to the full HAM-D17 or BPRS18. Using a cut-off score of less than 8 on PDAS Köse and Østergaard (7) obtained a remission percentage of 74% at endpoint in their 6 weeks trial including both unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. As most of these psychotic depressed patients have received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a remission rate of 74% is in accordance with the classical Medical Research Council (9). In the other classical ECT study, The Northwick Park Electroconvulsive Therapy Trial (10) the superiority of real ECT over simulated ECT in a 4-week treatment period was found in severely depressed patients fulfilling the Newcastle diagnostic scale (11), that is, psychotic depression. The mean HAM-D17 score was in this study at baseline approximately 30 but from this information the degree of psychotic depression is not clear. A score on the PDAS would have been very informative. The Newcastle depression scale is a diagnostic rating scale to predict response to ECT, not a scale measuring the change in the clinical state resulting from treatment with ECT. To the best of ","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36230919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABSTRACTS SCANDINAVIAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY SCNP 59th Annual Meeting, 11 - 13 April, 2018 Aarhus, Denmark.","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.12","url":null,"abstract":"SCANDINAVIAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36097150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural-functional brain changes in depressed patients during and after electroconvulsive therapy.","authors":"Antoine Yrondi,&nbsp;Patrice Péran,&nbsp;Anne Sauvaget,&nbsp;Laurent Schmitt,&nbsp;Christophe Arbus","doi":"10.1017/neu.2016.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a non-pharmacological treatment that is effective in treating severe and treatment-resistant depression. Although the efficacy of ECT has been demonstrated to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), the brain mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Structural-functional changes occur with the use of ECT as a treatment for depression based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For this reason, we have tried to identify the changes that were identified by MRI to try to clarify some operating mechanisms of ECT. We focus to brain changes on MRI [structural MRI (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imging (DTI)] after ECT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of the international literature was performed using the bibliographic search engines PubMed and Embase. The research focused on papers published up to 30 September 2015. The following Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms were used: electroconvulsive therapy AND (MRI OR fMRI OR DTI). Papers published in English were included. Four authors searched the database using a predefined strategy to identify potentially eligible studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were structural changes according to the sMRI performed before and after ECT treatment. These changes do not seem to be entirely due to oedema. This investigation assessed the functional network connectivity associated with the ECT response in MDD. ECT response reverses the relationship from negative to positive between the two pairs of networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found structural-functional changes in MRI post-ECT. Because of the currently limited MRI data on ECT in the literature, it is necessary to conduct further investigations using other MRI technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2016.62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39981061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Pinar Guzel Ozdemir,&nbsp;İbrahim Kaplan,&nbsp;Cem Uysal,&nbsp;Mahmut Bulut,&nbsp;Abdullah Atli,&nbsp;Yasin Bez,&nbsp;Mehmet Cemal Kaya,&nbsp;Osman Ozdemir","doi":"10.1017/neu.2014.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2014.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are some studies on oxidative stress and PTSD, there is no report available on the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with chronic PTSD.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study group included 45 earthquake survivors with PTSD and 40 earthquake survivors without PTSD. The oxidative status was determined using the total antioxidant status and total oxidant status (TOS) measurements and by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences in the total antioxidant status, TOS, or OSI when comparing individuals with and without PTSD (all, p>0.05). There were no correlations between Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores and oxidant and antioxidant stress markers (all, p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the total oxidant and antioxidant status may not affect earthquake survivors with PTSD. This is the first study to evaluate the oxidative status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2014.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32981972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of TRPV1 channels in the periaqueductal grey on the modulation of innate fear responses.","authors":"Daniele C Aguiar,&nbsp;Ana F Almeida-Santos,&nbsp;Fabricio A Moreira,&nbsp;Francisco S Guimarães","doi":"10.1017/neu.2014.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2014.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel (TRPV1) is expressed in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG), a region of the brain related to aversive responses. TRPV1 antagonism in the dorsolateral PAG (dlPAG) induces anxiolytic-like effects in models based on conflict situations. No study, however, has investigated whether these receptors could contribute to fear responses to proximal threat. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 in the PAG could mediate fear response in rats exposed to a predator.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We verified whether exposure to a live cat (a natural predator) would activate TRPV1-expressing neurons in the PAG. Double-staining immunohistochemistry was used as a technique to detect c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, and TRPV1 expression. We also investigated whether intra-dlPAG injections of the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (CPZ), would attenuate the behavioural consequences of predator exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to a cat increased c-Fos expression in TRPV1-positive neurons, mainly in the dorsal columns of the PAG, suggesting that TRPV1-expressing neurons are activated by threatening stimuli. Accordingly, local injection of CPZ inhibited the fear responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data support the hypothesis that TRPV1 channels mediate fear reactions in the dlPAG. This may have an implication for the development of TRPV1-antagonists as potential drugs for the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2014.40","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32924141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on Parkinson motor function: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","authors":"HongCan Zhu,&nbsp;ZhaoMing Lu,&nbsp;YiTing Jin,&nbsp;XiaoJia Duan,&nbsp;JunFang Teng,&nbsp;DongXiao Duan","doi":"10.1017/neu.2014.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2014.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of low-frequency rTMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search (including PubMed, CCTR, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM-disc, NTIS,EAGLE, Clinical Trials, Current Controlled Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry) was conducted dating until June 2014. The key search terms ('Parkinson', 'PD', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'TMS', 'RTMS' and 'noninvasive brain stimulation') produced eight high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCT) of low-frequency rTMS versus sham stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These eight studies, composed of 319 patients, were meta-analysed through assessment of the decreased Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS part III) score. Pooling of the results from these RCTs yielded an effect size of -0.40 (95%CI=-0.73 to -0.06, p<0.05) in UPDRS part III, which indicated that low-frequency rTMS could have 5.05 (95%CI=-1.73 to -8.37) point decrease in UPDRS part III score than sham stimulation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Low-frequency rTMS had a significant effect on motor signs in PD. As the number of RCTs and PD patients included here was limited, further large-scale multi-center RCTs were required to validate our conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2014.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32978401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}