Acta Neuropsychiatrica最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with early motor, but not language development in a South African cohort.","authors":"Gaironeesa Hendricks, Susan Malcolm-Smith, Dan J Stein, Heather J Zar, Catherine J Wedderburn, Raymond T Nhapi, Tawanda Chivese, Colleen M Adnams, Kirsten A Donald","doi":"10.1017/neu.2019.51","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2019.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and early neurodevelopment in the first 2 years of life, adjusting for maternal socio-demographic and psychosocial factors, in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a South African birth cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The DCHS comprises a population-based birth cohort of 1143 children, of which a subsample completed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) at 6 (n = 260) and 24 months of age (n = 734). A subset of alcohol-exposed and -unexposed children was included in this analysis at age 6 (n = 52 exposed; n = 104 unexposed) and 24 months (n = 92 exposed; n = 184 unexposed). Multiple hierarchical regression was used to explore the associations of PAE with motor and language development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PAE was significantly associated with decreased gross motor [odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06-0.44, p = 0.001] or fine motor (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.06-0.46, p = 0.001) functioning after adjusting for maternal socio-demographic and psychosocial factors at 6 months of age only. No significant effects were found in either receptive or expressive communication and cognitive outcomes at either time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAE has potentially important consequences for motor development in the first 2 years of life, a period during which the most rapid growth and maturation occur. These findings highlight the importance of identifying high-risk families in order to provide preventive interventions, particularly in antenatal clinics and early intervention services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7282868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37513340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoid signalling in embryonic and adult neurogenesis: possible implications for psychiatric and neurological disorders.","authors":"Rúbia W de Oliveira,&nbsp;Cilene L Oliveira,&nbsp;Francisco S Guimarães,&nbsp;Alline C Campos","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabinoid signalling modulates several aspects of brain function, including the generation and survival of neurons during embryonic and adult periods. The present review intended to summarise evidence supporting a role for the endocannabinoid system on the control of neurogenesis and neurogenesis-dependent functions. Studies reporting participation of cannabinoids on the regulation of any step of neurogenesis and the effects of cannabinoid compounds on animal models possessing neurogenesis-dependent features were selected from Medline. Qualitative evaluation of the selected studies indicated that activation of cannabinoid receptors may change neurogenesis in embryonic or adult nervous systems alongside rescue of phenotypes in animal models of different psychiatric and neurological disorders. The text offers an overview on the effects of cannabinoids on central nervous system development and the possible links with psychiatric and neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, brain ischaemia/stroke and Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the mechanisms by which cannabinoid signalling influences developmental and adult neurogenesis will help foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36101237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomised, placebo-controlled 24-week study evaluating adjunctive brexpiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Michael Bauer,&nbsp;Nanco Hefting,&nbsp;Annika Lindsten,&nbsp;Mette Krog Josiassen,&nbsp;Mary Hobart","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate brexpiprazole adjunctive to antidepressant therapies (ADTs) as maintenance treatment in patients with major depressive disorder with inadequate response to ADT, utilising a novel study design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised an 8-week prospective treatment period with open-label ADT with double-blind placebo treatment and a 24-week randomised treatment period. Investigators and patients were blinded to treatment periods, randomisation criteria, and timing of randomisation. Patients with early response to open-label ADT were withdrawn at Week 6. Patients fulfilling criteria for inadequate response were randomised to ADT+brexpiprazole 1-3 mg/day, or ADT+placebo. The primary endpoint was full remission: Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ≤10 and ≥50% decrease from randomisation (i.e. baseline) in MADRS total score for at least 8 consecutive weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary efficacy analysis failed to show a statistically significant difference between the proportions of patients on ADT+brexpiprazole (21.4%) and ADT+placebo (24.9%) achieving full remission; odds ratio: 0.83; p=0.2641. The secondary endpoint of change from baseline to Week 6 in MADRS total score showed no difference between ADT+brexpiprazole and ADT+placebo (-0.4; p=0.3259). The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) in patients receiving ADT+brexpiprazole was weight increased (9.5% vs. 5.0% in ADT+placebo). The incidence of TEAEs leading to withdrawal in the randomised treatment period was 6.3% in the ADT+brexpiprazole group and 3.4% in the ADT+placebo group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjunctive brexpiprazole did not differentiate from ADT+placebo on the primary endpoint of full remission. A number of design elements in this previously untried study design may have contributed to the study result. Brexpiprazole was well tolerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"31 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36496564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic measurement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in major depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy.","authors":"Marie Krøll Knudsen,&nbsp;Jamie Near,&nbsp;Anne Bastholm Blicher,&nbsp;Poul Videbech,&nbsp;Jakob Udby Blicher","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior studies suggest that a dysregulation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in the pathophysiology of major depression. We aimed to elucidate changes in cortical GABA content in relation to depression and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 11 patients with major depression or depressive episode of bipolar disorder (mean pre-ECT Ham-17 of 26) and 11 healthy subjects were recruited. GABA was quantified using short-TE MRS in prefrontal and occipital cortex. Other neurometabolites such as glutathione (GSH), N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate (Glu) were secondary outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in GABA/Cr levels were observed between patients at baseline and healthy subjects in prefrontal cortex, t(20)=0.089, p=0.93 or occipital cortex t(21)=0.37, p=0.72. All patients improved on Ham-17 (mean post-ECT Ham-17 of 9). No significant difference was found in GABA, Glu, glutamine, choline or GSH between pre- and post-ECT values. However, we observed a significant decrease in NAA levels following ECT t(22)=3.89, p=0.0038, and a significant correlation between the NAA decline and the number of ECT sessions p=0.035.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study does not support prior studies arguing for GABA as a key factor in the treatment effect of ECT on major depression. The reduction in NAA levels following ECT could be due to neuronal loss or a transient dysfunction in prefrontal cortex. As no long-term follow-up scan was performed, it is unknown whether NAA levels will normalise over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"31 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36371546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observer-rated retardation but not agitation corresponds to objective motor measures in depression.","authors":"Linda van Diermen,&nbsp;Sebastian Walther,&nbsp;Olivia Cools,&nbsp;Erik Fransen,&nbsp;Tom K Birkenhäger,&nbsp;Bernard C G Sabbe,&nbsp;Didier Schrijvers","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the correlations between observer ratings and instrumental parameters across domains of psychomotor functioning in depression.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In total, 73 patients with major depressive disorder underwent extensive psychomotor and clinical testing. Psychomotor functioning was assessed with (i) an observer-rated scale (the CORE measure) and also objectively with (ii) 24-h actigraphy, and (iii) a fine motor drawing task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Observer ratings of retardation correlated with instrumental assessments of fine and gross motor functioning. In contrast, observer ratings of agitation did not correlate with observer ratings of retardation or with the instrumental measures. These associations were partly influenced by age and, to a lesser extent, by depression severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychomotor disturbance is a complex concept with different manifestations in depressed patients. Although observer ratings of retardation correspond well with instrumental measures of the motor domains, objective measurement of agitation and other aspects of psychomotor disturbance require further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"30 6","pages":"359-364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36355700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of erythropoietin on body composition and fat-glucose metabolism in patients with affective disorders.","authors":"Maj Vinberg,&nbsp;Pernille Højman,&nbsp;Bente Klarlund Pedersen,&nbsp;Lars Vedel Kessing,&nbsp;Kamilla W Miskowiak","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Erythropoietin (EPO) has been suggested to improve metabolism and also cognition, but human studies are scarce. This randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate whether EPO treatment influences body composition and fat and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose, and whether these changes would be associated with previous observed cognitive benefits of EPO. Method In total, 84 non-obese patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression or bipolar disorder in remission were randomised to 8 weekly EPO (40,000 IU) or saline (NaCl 0.9%) infusions in a double-blind, parallel-group design. Patients underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and week 14 (6 weeks after treatment completion). Cognitive measures were assessed and fasting levels of cholesterol, lipoprotein fractions, triacylglycerides, glucose and HbA1c were obtained at baseline, week 9 and follow-up week 14. Results In total, 79 patients had complete pre- and post-treatment data (EPO: N=40, saline: N=39). EPO had no cumulative effect on body composition and markers of fat metabolism. The EPO-treated group exhibited significantly lower HbA1c levels after 8 weeks treatment [F(1, 80)=8.51, p=0.005], however, 6 weeks after treatment termination a significantly higher fasting glucose levels [F(1, 79)=5.85, p=0.02] and HbA1c levels [F(1, 79)=5.85, p=0.02] were seen. The latter increase in HbA1c was further significantly correlated with a better cognitive outcome on verbal memory (r=0.25, p=0.03). Conclusion Repeated EPO infusions had no cumulative effect on body composition in this cohort of patients with affective disorders, however, EPO modulated HbA1c and fasting glucose and this was associated with patients’ improvement of verbal memory.","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"30 6","pages":"342-349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36204032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual responses of rodents in modelling of affective disorders and in their treatment: prospective review.","authors":"Haim Einat,&nbsp;Itamar Ezer,&nbsp;Nirit Z Kara,&nbsp;Catherine Belzung","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionLack of good animal models for affective disorders, including major depression and bipolar disorder, is noted as a major bottleneck in attempts to study these disorders and develop better treatments. We suggest that an important approach that can help in the development and use of better models is attention to variability between model animals. RESULTS: Differences between mice strains were studied for some decades now, and sex differences get more attention than in the past. It is suggested that one factor that is mostly neglected, individual variability within groups, should get much more attention. The importance of individual differences in behavioral biology and ecology was repeatedly mentioned but its application to models of affective illness or to the study of drug response was not heavily studied. The standard approach is to overcome variability by standardization and by increasing the number of animals per group. CONCLUSIONS: Possibly, the individuality of specific animals and their unique responses to a variety of stimuli and drugs, can be helpful in deciphering the underlying biology of affective behaviors as well as offer better prediction of drug responses in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"30 6","pages":"323-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36228569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular risk factors and the relationships between cognitive impairment and hypoperfusion in late-onset Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Michio Takahashi,&nbsp;Yasunori Oda,&nbsp;Koichi Sato,&nbsp;Yukihiko Shirayama","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our recent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealed that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was reduced in the frontal, temporal, and limbic lobes, and to a lesser degree in the parietal and occipital lobes. Moreover, these patients' scores on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) were significantly correlated with rCBF in some gyri of the frontal, parietal, and limbic lobes. Our present study aimed to understand how vascular factors and metabolic disease influenced the relationship between rCBF and ADAS-cog scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We divided late-onset AD patients into two groups according to their Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS), low vascular risk patients had values of ≤4 (n=25) and high vascular risk patients had scores ≥5 (n=15). We examined rCBF using brain perfusion SPECT data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The degrees and patterns of reduced rCBF were largely similar between late-onset AD patients in both groups, regardless of HIS values. Cognitive function was significantly associated with rCBF among late-onset AD patients with low vascular risk (HIS≤4), but not among those with high vascular risk (HIS≥5). Furthermore, metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, disrupted the relationships between hypoperfusion and cognitive impairments in late-onset AD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Factors other than hypoperfusion, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, could be involved in the cognitive dysfunction of late-onset AD patients with high vascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"30 6","pages":"350-358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36414543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediator effects of parameters of inflammation and neurogenesis from a N-acetyl cysteine clinical-trial for bipolar depression.","authors":"Bruna Panizzutti,&nbsp;Chiara Bortolasci,&nbsp;Kyoko Hasebe,&nbsp;Srisaiyini Kidnapillai,&nbsp;Laura Gray,&nbsp;Ken Walder,&nbsp;Michael Berk,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mohebbi,&nbsp;Seetal Dodd,&nbsp;Clarissa Gama,&nbsp;Pedro V Magalhães,&nbsp;Susan M Cotton,&nbsp;Flávio Kapczinski,&nbsp;Ashley I Bush,&nbsp;Gin S Malhi,&nbsp;Olivia M Dean","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore effects of adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on markers of inflammation and neurogenesis in bipolar depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary analysis of a placebo-controlled randomised trial. Serum samples were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 32 of the open-label and maintenance phases of the clinical trial to determine changes in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following adjunctive NAC treatment, and to explore mediation and moderator effects of the listed markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL) -6, 8, or 10 were not significantly changed during the course of the trial or specifically in the open-label and maintenance phases. There were no mediation or moderation effects of the biological factors on the clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that these particular biological parameters may not be directly involved in the therapeutic mechanism of action of adjunctive NAC in bipolar depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"30 6","pages":"334-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36312510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Katakam and co-workers have not shown SSRIs to be harmful and ineffective and should stop claiming that they have.","authors":"Fredrik Hieronymus,&nbsp;Alexander Lisinski,&nbsp;Jakob Näslund,&nbsp;Elias Eriksson","doi":"10.1017/neu.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Funded by the Danish state to provide guidance in health-related matters, the Copenhagen Trial Unit (CTU) at Rigshospitalet may cause considerable societal harm if allowing their analyses to be influenced by bias and prejudice rather than rigor and impartiality. This is why we found it worthwhile to comment on a report from the CTU in which the authors invoked analyses marred by numerous errors and methodological mistakes to claim that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are harmful and ineffective. The CTU group has now produced a response to our comment which is on par with their original contribution in terms of bias, misconceptions and mistakes. Our conclusion is that the reputation of the CTU would be best served by the authors asking for retraction of their SSRI paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":"30 5","pages":"266-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/neu.2018.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36325033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}