Acta Neuropsychiatrica最新文献

{"title":"The shape of the corpus callosum is different in bipolar disorder.","authors":"Mustafa Nuray Namli, Sema Baykara, Ozlem Gul, Murat Baykara","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic disorder characterised by fluctuations in mood and energy disposition. Diseases could lead to degenerative alterations in brain structures such as corpus callosum (CC). Studies demonstrated that abnormalities in CC are associated with BD symptoms. The present study aims to analyse the CC of the patients with statistical shape analysis (SSA) and compare the findings with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one BD patients and 41 healthy individuals in similar age groups, which included 23 female and 18 male subjects, participated in the study. CC was marked with landmarks on the mid-sagittal images of each individual. The mean 'Procrustes' point was calculated, and shape deformations were analysed with thin-plate spline analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in the shape of CC between the two groups, where maximum CC deformation was observed in posterior region marks in BD patients. There was no significant difference between the CC area of the BD patients and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CC analysis conducted with SSA revealed significant differences between patients and healthy controls. The study findings emphasised the abnormal distribution of white matter in CC and the variable subregional nature of CC in BD patients. This study may enable the development of more targeted and effective treatment strategies by taking into account biological factors and understanding the differences in the brain regions of individuals with BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between early traumatic experiences and emotional regulation skills in major depressive and bipolar disorders.","authors":"Yejin Park, Chan Woo Lee, Yoonjeong Jang, Sarah Soonji Kwon, Hyeona Yu, Joohyun Yoon, Yun Seong Park, Hyun A Ryoo, Junwoo Jang, Hyuk Joon Lee, Yeong Chan Lee, Hong-Hee Won, Tae Hyon Ha, Woojae Myung","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood trauma can cause deficits in emotional regulation. However, few studies have investigated childhood trauma and emotional regulation skills in patients with mood disorders. We aimed to investigate how childhood trauma and Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) scores are associated with mood disorders.This study included 779 patients with mood disorders (major depressive disorder [MDD, <i>n</i> = 240], bipolar I disorder [BDI, <i>n</i> = 121], and bipolar II disorder [BDII, <i>n</i> = 418]). We used their Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ) and ERSQ scores for the evaluation.The between-group differences in CTQ and ERSQ scores were examined. The CTQ and ERSQ total scores were negatively correlated. Among the CTQ subscales, emotional neglect showed a significant correlation with the ERSQ total score, whereas acceptance and tolerance showed higher negative correlations with the CTQ than with the other ERSQ subscales. The negative relationship between emotional regulation and childhood trauma varied significantly depending on the group, with the BDI group showing a more prominent association than the other groups.Based on various mood disorders, we observed associations between childhood trauma and emotional regulation skills. Consequently, our study offers notable insights for future research on the impact of childhood trauma on ERSQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiolytic-like effects of acute serotonin-releasing agents in zebrafish models of anxiety: experimental study and systematic review.","authors":"Jakob Näslund, Jenny Landin, Fredrik Hieronymus, Rakesh Kumar Banote, Petronella Kettunen","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Though commonly used to model affective disorders, zebrafish display notable differences in terms of the structure and function of the brain serotonin system, including responses to pharmacological interventions, as compared to mammals. For example, elevation of brain serotonin following acute administration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) generally has anxiogenic effects, both in the clinical situation and in rodent models of anxiety, but previous research has indicated the opposite in zebrafish. However, several issues remain unresolved. We conducted a systematic review of SRI effects in zebrafish models of anxiety and, on the basis of these results, performed a series of experiments further investigating the influence of serotonin-releasing agents on anxiety-like behaviour in zebrafish, with sex-segregated wild-type animals being administered either escitalopram, or the serotonin releaser fenfluramine, in the light-dark test. In the systematic review, we find that the available literature indicates an anxiolytic-like effect of SRIs in the novel-tank diving test. Regarding the light-dark test, most studies reported no behavioural effects of SRIs, although the few that did generally saw anxiolytic-like responses. In the experimental studies, consistent anxiolytic-like effects were observed with neither sex nor habituation influencing treatment response. We find that the general effect of acute SRI administration in zebrafish indeed appears to be anxiolytic-like, indicating, at least partly, differences in the functioning of the serotonin system as compared to mammals and that caution is advised when using zebrafish to model affective disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential link between ΔFosB and <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine in craving/relapse dynamics: can <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine stand out as a possible treatment candidate?","authors":"Shokouh Arjmand, Mehran Ilaghi, Mohammad Shafie'ei, Pedro H Gobira, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Gregers Wegener","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From a neuroscientific point of view, one of the unique archetypes of substance use disorders is its road to relapse, in which the reward system plays a crucial role. Studies on the neurobiology of substance use disorders have highlighted the central role of a protein belonging to the Fos family of transcription factors, ΔFosB. Relying on the roles ΔFosB plays in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders, we endeavour to present some evidence demonstrating that <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine, a low-cost and well-tolerated over-the-counter medicine, may influence the downstream pathway of ΔFosB, thereby serving as a treatment strategy to mitigate the risk of relapse in cases of substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes in depression and following electroconvulsive therapy.","authors":"Karen M Ryan, Myles Corrigan, Therese M Murphy, Declan M McLoughlin, Andrew Harkin","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate changes in mRNA expression of the kynurenine pathway (KP) enzymes <i>tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase</i> (<i>TDO</i>), <i>indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1</i> and 2 (<i>IDO1</i>, <i>IDO2</i>), <i>kynurenine aminotransferase 1</i> and 2 (<i>KAT1, KAT2</i>), <i>kynurenine monooxygenase</i> (<i>KMO</i>) and <i>kynureninase</i> (<i>KYNU</i>) in medicated patients with depression (<i>n</i> = 74) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 55) and in patients with depression after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Associations with mood score (24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-D24), plasma KP metabolites and selected glucocorticoid and inflammatory immune markers known to regulate KP enzyme expression were also explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HAM-D24 was used to evaluate depression severity. Whole blood mRNA expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>KAT1, KYNU</i> and <i>IDO2</i> were significantly reduced in patient samples compared to control samples, though results did not survive statistical adjustment for covariates or multiple comparisons. ECT did not alter KP enzyme mRNA expression. Changes in <i>IDO1</i> and <i>KMO</i> and change in HAM-D24 score post-ECT were negatively correlated in subgroups of patients with unipolar depression (<i>IDO1</i> only), psychotic depression and ECT responders and remitters. Further exploratory correlative analyses revealed altered association patterns between KP enzyme expression, KP metabolites, <i>NR3C1</i> and <i>IL-6</i> in depressed patients pre- and post-ECT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies are warranted to determine if KP measures have sufficient sensitivity, specificity and predictive value to be integrated into stress and immune associated biomarker panels to aid patient stratification at diagnosis and in predicting treatment response to antidepressant therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision psychiatry needs causal inference.","authors":"Martin Bernstorff, Oskar Hougaard Jefsen","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychiatric research applies statistical methods that can be divided in two frameworks: causal inference and prediction. Recent proposals suggest a down-prioritisation of causal inference and argue that prediction paves the road to 'precision psychiatry' (i.e., individualised treatment). In this perspective, we critically appraise these proposals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We outline strengths and weaknesses of causal inference and prediction frameworks and describe the link between clinical decision-making and counterfactual predictions (i.e., causality). We describe three key causal structures that, if not handled correctly, may cause erroneous interpretations, and three pitfalls in prediction research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prediction and causal inference are both needed in psychiatric research and their relative importance is context-dependent. When individualised treatment decisions are needed, causal inference is necessary.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This perspective defends the importance of causal inference for precision psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised withdrawal study of adjunctive brexpiprazole maintenance treatment for major depressive disorder.","authors":"Roger S McIntyre, Kripa Sundararajan, Saloni Behl, Nanco Hefting, Na Jin, Claudette Brewer, Mary Hobart, Michael E Thase","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare time to relapse in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) stabilised on antidepressant treatment (ADT) + brexpiprazole who were randomised to continued adjunctive brexpiprazole or brexpiprazole withdrawal (switch to placebo).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, randomised withdrawal study enrolled adults with MDD and inadequate response to 2–3 ADTs. All patients started on adjunctive brexpiprazole 2–3 mg/day (Phase A, 6–8 weeks). Patients whose symptoms stabilised (Phase B, 12 weeks) were randomised 1:1 to adjunctive brexpiprazole or adjunctive placebo (Phase C, 26 weeks). The primary endpoint was time to relapse in Phase C. Depression rating scale score changes were secondary endpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1149 patients were enrolled and 489 patients were randomised (ADT + brexpiprazole <i>n</i> = 240; ADT + placebo <i>n</i> = 249). Median time to relapse was 63 days from randomisation in both treatment groups for patients who received ≥1 dose. Relapse criteria were met by 22.5% of patients (54/240) on ADT + brexpiprazole and 20.6% (51/248) on ADT + placebo (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.67; <i>p</i> = 0.51, log-rank test). Depression scale scores improved during Phases A–B and were maintained in Phase C. Mean weight increased by 2.2 kg in Phases A–B and stabilised in Phase C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Time to relapse was similar between continued adjunctive brexpiprazole and brexpiprazole withdrawal; in both groups, ∼80% of stabilised patients remained relapse free at their last visit. Adjunctive brexpiprazole therapy was generally well tolerated over up to 46 weeks, with minimal adverse effects following brexpiprazole withdrawal.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03538691. Funding: Otsuka, Lundbeck.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International trends in male youth suicide and suicidal behaviour.","authors":"Timothy Rice, Anton Livshin, Zoltan Rihmer, Andreas Walther, Mohammed Bhuiyan, Adriana Bruges Boude, Ying-Yeh Chen, Xenia Gonda, Aliza Grossberg, Yonis Hassan, Ezequiel Lafont, Gianluca Serafini, Arthi Vickneswaramoorthy, Salonee Shah, Leo Sher","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide and suicidal behaviour strongly contribute to overall male youth mortality. An understanding of worldwide data contextualises suicide and suicidal behaviour in young men within any given country.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Members and colleagues of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry's Task Force on Men's Mental Health review the relevant data from several regions of the world. The review identifies notable findings across regions of relevance to researchers, policymakers, and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male suicide and suicidal behaviour in adolescence and emerging adulthood within North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle East, Continental Africa, South Asia, East Asia, China, and Oceania share similarities as well as significant points of divergence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>International data provide an opportunity to obtain a superior understanding of suicide and suicidal behaviour amongst young men.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing psychiatric nosology through philosophical inquiry.","authors":"Shokouh Arjmand, Reza Saboori Amleshi, Francisco S Guimarães, Gregers Wegener","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we have utilised the concept of fuzzy logic and Karl Popper's notion of verisimilitude to advocate navigating the complexity of psychiatric nosology, emphasising that psychiatric disorders defy Boolean logic. We underscore the importance of embracing imprecision and collecting extensive data for a more nuanced understanding of psychiatric disorders, asserting that falsifiability is crucial for scientific progress. We encourage the advancement of personalised psychiatric taxonomy, urging the continual accumulation of data to inform emerging advancements like artificial intelligence in reshaping current psychiatric nosology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive symptoms relating to psychosocial functioning for people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder.","authors":"Nina Grootendorst-van Mil, Chin-Kuo Chang, David Chandran, Frederike Schirmbeck, Nico van Beveren, Hitesh Shetty, Robert Stewart, Deborah Ahn-Robbins, Lieuwe de Haan, Richard D Hayes","doi":"10.1017/neu.2024.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2024.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess the psychosocial functioning concerning obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbidity in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder diagnosed in a large case register database in Southeast London. Data were retrieved from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC) register using Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) system, a platform allowing research on full but de-identified electronic health records for secondary and tertiary mental healthcare services. Information of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder diagnosis and OCS/OCD status was ascertained from structural or free-text fields through natural language processing (NLP) algorithms based on artificial intelligence techniques during the observation window of January 2007 to December 2016. Associations between comorbid OCS/OCD and recorded Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) for problems with activities of daily living (ADLs), living conditions, occupational and recreational activities, and relationships were estimated by logistic regression with socio-demographic confounders controlled. Of 15,412 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, 2,358 (15.3%) experienced OCS without OCD, and 2,586 (16.8%) had OCD recorded. The presence of OCS/OCD was associated with more problems with relationships (adj.OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.25-1.44), ADLs (adj.OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.22-1.41), and living conditions (adj.OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.22-1.41). Sensitivity analysis revealed similar outcomes. Comorbid OCS/OCD was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. This finding highlights the importance of identification and treatment of comorbid OCS among this vulnerable patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}