Eunseo Choo, Hangyu Kim, Jakyung Lee, Hyeona Yu, Hyun Jung Hur, Tae Hyon Ha, Woojae Myung, Jungkyu Park, Hyo Shin Kang
{"title":"Emotion regulation and depressive symptoms mediate the association between chronotype and suicidality.","authors":"Eunseo Choo, Hangyu Kim, Jakyung Lee, Hyeona Yu, Hyun Jung Hur, Tae Hyon Ha, Woojae Myung, Jungkyu Park, Hyo Shin Kang","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10077","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Emotion regulation, while closely linked to depressive symptoms, has seldom been examined together with them in studies of the relationship between chronotype and suicidality. We therefore examined whether chronotype predicts suicidality through the sequential mediation of poor emotion regulation and depressive symptoms. In addition, we examined whether these mediation pathways differ between morning-type and evening-type groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 3109 Korean adults from the general population. Chronotype, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and suicidality were assessed using the Composite Scale of Morningness, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire, and the Suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronotype did not have a direct effect on suicidality. Instead, eveningness was indirectly linked to higher suicidality. Specifically, individuals with stronger eveningness tendencies reported poorer emotion regulation, which increased depressive symptoms; depressive symptoms, in turn, predicted suicidal ideation, which emerged as a significant predictor of suicide attempts. Subgroup analyses revealed that the same sequential pathway was significant only among evening-types, but not among morning-types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronotype appears to play a role in suicide risk in the general population. Screening for chronotype and focusing on emotion regulation and depressive symptoms may enhance prevention efforts tailored to chronotype, especially for evening-type individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaanus Harro, Diva Eensoo, Evelyn Kiive, Inga Villa, Triin Kurrikoff, Jarek Mäestu, Margus Kanarik, Karita Laugus, Katre Sakala, Toomas Veidebaum
{"title":"Insights into neuroscience from the representative birth cohort samples of a multidisciplinary longitudinal study.","authors":"Jaanus Harro, Diva Eensoo, Evelyn Kiive, Inga Villa, Triin Kurrikoff, Jarek Mäestu, Margus Kanarik, Karita Laugus, Katre Sakala, Toomas Veidebaum","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2026.10072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longitudinal studies on population representative samples offer unique insights. The Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS; EstChild) was launched in 1998 on two birth cohort samples at age 9 or 15 with an exceptional participation rate, has been monitored at ages 15, 18, 25 and 33, and also recruited parents of the target subjects. This multidisciplinary investigation has been focused on behavioural neuroscience, illuminating findings on what could be discerned from biomarkers, candidate genes, gene × environment interactions, and epigenetic markers in representative samples, and in birth cohorts living through societal transformation. ECPBHS analyzed how biomarkers and lifestyle are associated with real-life behaviours and developmental trajectories, phenotypes such as neuroticism, bulimia, aggressiveness or attention deficit, and outcomes from incidence of psychiatric disorders to the obtaining of university education. Novel evidence has been observed on clustering of fears and the inner structure of impulsivity and reward sensitivity, together with clues how these may have co-emerged with metabolic types. New insights have been provided to understand the classic biomarkers, cholesterol and platelet monoamine oxidase activity, as well as several functional gene variants. Hypotheses how to synthetize molecular genetics and sociology, how sex or gender matters in the light of gene×environment interactions and how family and parental roles shape the behaviour of offspring have been put forward. The ECPBHS has offered clues on why in biological psychiatry many replication attempts are predestined to fail, and how to learn from such failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"1-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Thea Kirkegaard Kjær, Andrew A Nierenberg, Tom Bschor, Lars Vedel Kessing, Christian Kraft, Lars Ehlers
{"title":"Early health economic assessment of eLi<sub>12</sub>, a new method to estimate 12-h lithium levels when blood sampling deviates from 12 h.","authors":"Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Thea Kirkegaard Kjær, Andrew A Nierenberg, Tom Bschor, Lars Vedel Kessing, Christian Kraft, Lars Ehlers","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10071","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Early economic evaluations (EEE) can evaluate the economic potential of new innovative healthcare solutions. We present a methodological framework for EEE in bipolar disorder and use eLi<sub>12</sub> as an illustrative case, a new method to estimate 12-h lithium blood levels when blood sampling deviates from the 12-h timing, enabling more flexibility for patients and better data on 12-h lithium levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A decision-analytic model evaluated the costs and consequences of eLi<sub>12</sub> for the treatment of bipolar disorder from a Danish national healthcare payer perspective, assessing the minimum efficacy threshold where eLi<sub>12</sub> would be considered cost-effective compared with standard of care. The primary outcome was net monetary benefit (NMB), and we estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of €67,000/QALY gained. Costs associated with bipolar disorder and lithium treatment (e.g. hospitalisations, suicides, lost productivity, implementation costs) were estimated from literature, Danish registries, and expert opinion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Assuming 28,000 patients with bipolar disorder whereof 10,000 are treated with lithium, a 2.5% reduction in number of hospitalisations and suicides are sufficient for eLi<sub>12</sub> to be considered cost-effective within one year of implementation. When using a longer time horizon, allowing more savings to be included and thus considering a smaller improvement to be sufficient, less than 1% improvement by using eLi<sub>12</sub> would be sufficient within a three-year time horizon.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EEE can evaluate the health economic potential of new innovative methods, supporting early investment decisions and guiding research. eLi<sub>12</sub> can have significant healthcare savings, emphasising the relevance of studying clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linnéa Andersson, Christian Mannfolk, Maria Ljungberg, Benny Liberg, Christoffer Rahm, Isabella Björkman-Burtscher
{"title":"Resting state functional connectivity in pedophilic disorder and degarelix treatment.","authors":"Linnéa Andersson, Christian Mannfolk, Maria Ljungberg, Benny Liberg, Christoffer Rahm, Isabella Björkman-Burtscher","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2026.10073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a need for deeper understanding of neurological and psychological aspects of pedophilic disorder (PeD) to improve management of the disorder and thereby prevent child sexual abuse. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures have been suggested as imaging biomarkers that may contribute towards this goal. A previous study using degarelix, a testosterone suppressing drug, showed promising results in decreasing the risk of committing child sexual abuse among individuals with PeD. In this study, we evaluate functional connectivity (FC) related to PeD and degarelix treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used independent component analysis on resting state (rs)fMRI data acquired at baseline as well as two and ten weeks after injection of degarelix (or placebo) to evaluate FC alterations related to PeD and the degarelix treatment effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FC was altered in relation to several resting state networks in individuals with PeD compared to healthy controls at baseline. At follow-up time points, however, group comparisons were inconclusive and did after FDR correction not render statistically significant FC alterations when comparing patients to controls or related to degarelix treatment, child sexual abuse (CSA) dynamic risk scores or comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found FC alterations in PeD compared to healthy controls at baseline, however, no consistent, treatment specific FC signature of degarelix was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Placebo and nocebo effects of pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jacob Hoffman, Taryn Williams, Dan J Stein","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10070","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the magnitude of placebo and nocebo effects in pharmacological trials for OCRDs and identify clinical and methodological moderators influencing these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases and clinical trial registries up to May 2025. Randomised, placebo-controlled trials involving pharmacological interventions for OCRDs were included. The primary outcomes were placebo effect size and placebo response rate; secondary outcomes included nocebo response rate and side effect profile. Data were extracted independently and meta-analysed using random effects models. Meta-regression was performed to assess moderators of placebo response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen eligible trials (<i>N</i> = 640; placebo <i>N</i> = 341) were included. The pooled placebo effect size was moderate (SMC = -0.63; 95% CI -0.77 to -0.48), with low heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 4.73%). The placebo response rate was 21%, and the nocebo response rate was 18%. Despite testing a broad range of potential moderators, including clinical characteristics, methodological design, and medication class, no significant predictors of placebo effect size were identified. Side effects were reported in nearly one-third of placebo recipients, underscoring the relevance of nocebo effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Placebo and nocebo responses are noteworthy in trials for OCRDs and may influence perceived treatment efficacy. Variability in placebo responses is not well explained by currently measurable moderators. Further research is needed to explore neurobiological, psychological, and methodological contributors to expectancy effects in OCRD pharmacotherapy trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Jon Reinecke-Tellefsen, Anders Ørberg, Søren Dinesen Østergaard
{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: nationwide data from Denmark.","authors":"Christian Jon Reinecke-Tellefsen, Anders Ørberg, Søren Dinesen Østergaard","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10068","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Childhood trauma and physical activity link immunometabolic biomarkers and psychiatric symptoms in medically healthy adults.","authors":"Gemma Wallace, Quincy Beck, Leslie Brick, Teresa Daniels, Asi Gobin, Stephanie Parade, Audrey Tyrka","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10069","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The comorbidity of psychiatric and metabolic conditions is prevalent and poses a heavy burden on public health. Several biopsychosocial factors are known to influence both metabolic and psychiatric health, including inflammation, eating behavior, physical activity, and early life stress. Few studies, however, have examined the constellation of interrelationships among multiple risk domains simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a sample of 200 medically healthy adults enrolled in a parent study, we used Gaussian Graphical Modeling, a type of network analysis, to characterize interdependent cross-sectional associations between early life stress (childhood trauma), health behaviors (diet quality and physical activity), blood-based biomarkers of metabolic functioning (insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) and inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and three domains of mental health symptoms (depressive, anxious, and post-traumatic stress symptoms). We hypothesized that the network structure would highlight a pattern whereby higher CRP, poorer diet quality, lower physical activity, and higher childhood trauma would associate with increased risk for both metabolic and psychiatric impairments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed a positive conditional association between CRP and childhood trauma, which may function as an intermediary process to increase risk for both metabolic impairments and psychiatric symptoms in adulthood. Further, higher physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance and fewer depressive symptoms, and better diet quality was associated with lower CRP levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results highlight potential avenues for interventions aimed at reducing inflammation, improving health behavior, and addressing the effects of childhood trauma to improve physical and mental health comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lara L W Chiminazzo, Ivana B Suffredini, Thiago B Kirsten
{"title":"Psychomotor and neurofunctional sequelae after COVID-19.","authors":"Lara L W Chiminazzo, Ivana B Suffredini, Thiago B Kirsten","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10067","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A previous study by our research group identified psychomotor and neurofunctional impairments following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study continues that investigation, aiming to evaluate whether these impairments persisted over time, as part of the broader characterisation of long COVID. Moreover, it was explored potential correlations with variables such as age, blood type, symptoms, and medical care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From an initial pool of 214 subjects, 30 post-COVID-19 participants and 30 healthy controls were selected after strict exclusion criteria. The assessments protocol included eight psychomotor tests - Fine Motor Development (Diadochokinesia, Puppets, Fan, and Paper) and Balance (Immobility, Static Balance on One Foot, Feet in Line, and Persistence) - as well as three cognitive screening tasks from the Mini-Mental State Examination: Episodic Memory After Distracters, Verbal Fluency, and Clock tests. Evaluations were performed at three time points: baseline (post-COVID-19), 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Participants were stratified by age (18-30, 31-45, and 46-64 years), symptoms profile, medical care, and blood type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COVID-19 induced psychomotor and neurofunctional sequelae lasting at least 24 weeks post-infection. These impairments were more pronounced and persistent in the 31-45-years age group, while memory-related impairments were more evident in the 18-30 age group. Body pain, coryza, and sore throat were key symptoms linked to long-term sequelae. Rh-negative blood type was suggested as a potential risk factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support that long COVID included sustained psychomotor and neurofunctional sequelae, premature senescence, and associations with specific clinical and biological variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniël J van Rensburg, Zander Lindeque, Ashleigh Jade Whitney, Stephan F Steyn
{"title":"Early-life adversity induces metabolic alterations in a rodent model of depression: a differential stress response perspective.","authors":"Daniël J van Rensburg, Zander Lindeque, Ashleigh Jade Whitney, Stephan F Steyn","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10066","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigating metabolic differences between pre-pubertal Flinders sensitive (FSL) and resistant (FRL) line rats and determine the impact of early-life adversity on these differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Untargeted metabolomic profiling of whole-brain tissue from postnatal day 25 Flinders line rats, exposed to maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW), or not, was done by using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Irrespective of MSEW, FSL rats had higher urea and lower glutamine, norvaline and valine concentrations than age-matched FRL controls. Across strains, MSEW reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glutamine, lactate, phenylalanine, norvaline and valine concentrations, whist elevating 2-keto-3-methylbutyric acid, glycerophosphate, and urea. This effect was most pronounced in FRL rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-pubertal FSL rats displayed distinct metabolic signatures associated with altered energy and amino acid metabolism. Early-life stress further disrupts these pathways, highlighting key metabolites as potential targets in the expansion of the biological constructs underlying the pre-pubertal FSL/FRL model.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Maes, Mengqi Niu, Annabel Maes, Yiping Luo, Chenkai Yangyang, Abbas F Almulla, Jing Li, Yingqian Zhang
{"title":"Peripheral metabolic-redox signaling as a core mechanism of major depressive disorder: evidence from deep metabolomic phenotyping.","authors":"Michael Maes, Mengqi Niu, Annabel Maes, Yiping Luo, Chenkai Yangyang, Abbas F Almulla, Jing Li, Yingqian Zhang","doi":"10.1017/neu.2026.10065","DOIUrl":"10.1017/neu.2026.10065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a neuro-immune, oxidative, and nitrosative stress (NIMETOX) disorder, in which peripheral immune-redox pathways intersect with metabolic networks leading to neurotoxicity within the limbic-prefrontal affective circuits. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis in well-phenotyped patients is vital to elucidate their metabolic profile.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify metabolic abnormalities that differentiate in patients with severe MDD from healthy controls(HCs) through high-resolution, untargeted metabolomics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples from 125 MDD inpatients and 40 HCs were analyzed utilizing liquid chromatography(LC) and mass spectrometry(MS). A meticulously regulated multistage machine-learning pipeline with leakage-prevention protocols was employed to analyze differences between MDD and controls and to predict phenome scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feature selection showed that 16 metabolites and 6 functional modules reliably distinguished MDD. The functional profile of the metabolites indicates a convergence of lipotoxicity, phospholipid(PL) remodeling, disruptions in fatty acid(FA) metabolism, mitochondrial redox imbalance, ether-lipid metabolism, and antioxidant depletion. This MDD metabotype was not affected by metabolic syndrome(MetS). A substantial portion of the variance in overall depression severity (72.5%), physiosomatic symptoms (55.8%), and suicidal ideation(SI) (23.6%) was accounted for by increased lipotoxicity, PL remodeling, and FA storage/signaling. The recurrence of illness (27.7%) was associated with a self-reinforcing lipid-redox-inflammatory module that maintains cellular stress.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The MDD metabotype represents a cohesive metabolic network that is associated with the NIMETOX pathogenesis of MDD. Metabolomics provides a comprehensive foundation for subtyping and precision psychiatry. Lipoxygenase-15, lipotoxicity, phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, and lipid-redox intersections might be important drug targets to treat MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48964,"journal":{"name":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica","volume":" ","pages":"e26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}