American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse最新文献

{"title":"Substance use disorders and pharmacotherapies: exploring public knowledge and supportive attitudes.","authors":"Callie L Wang, Lidia Z Meshesha, Jacqueline Woerner, Tatiana D Magri, Minh D Nguyen, Jenni B Teeters","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2025.2450416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2025.2450416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Despite available and effective prevention and treatment strategies for substance use disorders (SUD), drug overdose deaths in the US remain high. Further, limited public knowledge of SUD pharmacotherapies may contribute to increased stigmatization toward SUD medications and a lack of willingness to help people with SUD.<i>Objectives:</i> This study evaluated knowledge and attitudes about SUD pharmacotherapies and willingness to help people with SUD among a sample of U.S. adults.<i>Method:</i> Participants recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (<i>N</i> = 314; 62.1% male) completed online surveys evaluating knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to help by various demographic factors, history of substance use, and experience with someone with SUD.<i>Results:</i> Results revealed a significant difference in attitudes by race/ethnicity (F(1,307) = 11.85, <i>p</i> < .001). Participants with a personal history of substance use exhibited greater knowledge (F(1,312) = 31.94, <i>p</i> < .001) and willingness to help someone with a SUD (F(1,312) = 7.84, <i>p</i> = .005). Participants with experience with someone with a SUD also exhibited greater knowledge (F(1,311) = 19.42, <i>p</i> < .001) and willingness to help (F(1,311) = 13.63, <i>p</i> < .001).<i>Conclusion:</i> Results emphasize the importance of targeted education to bridge gaps in knowledge, enhance public attitudes, and promote willingness to help individuals with SUD. Utilizing public health strategies that promote empathy, willingness to help, and increase accessibility and acceptance of SUD treatment options, could be potential avenues that ultimately improve outcomes for individuals with SUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between college enrollment and trends in substance use among young adults in the US from 2015 to 2019.","authors":"James Aluri, Himani Byregowda, Amelia Arria","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2400923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2400923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Substance use among college students has negative academic and health outcomes. Identifying substances that are more commonly used by students than non-students can reveal specific risks in the college environment.<i>Objectives:</i> To examine associations between college enrollment and prevalence and trends of use of a comprehensive list of substances.<i>Methods:</i> The sample included 2015-2019 participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health who were aged 18 to 22 and who were full-time enrolled or not enrolled in college. Prevalence of substance use was calculated for four subgroups: college males (<i>n</i> = 6,707), college females (<i>n</i> = 8,284), non-college males (<i>n</i> = 10,019), and non-college females (<i>n</i> = 9,266). Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the relationships between enrollment and substance use. Temporal trends in substance use prevalence were calculated for each subgroup.<i>Results:</i> College enrollment was associated with prescription stimulant misuse (aOR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35-1.67), alcohol use (aOR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27-1.47), and binge drinking (aOR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15-1.30). From 2015 to 2019, the only substance whose use significantly increased among any subgroup was cannabis. The increase occurred among females only (+4.7% in college females and +5.6% in non-college females; both <i>p</i> < .01).<i>Conclusions:</i> College enrollment is most strongly associated with prescription stimulant misuse, suggesting that colleges should consider explicitly including stimulant misuse prevention in their health promotion strategies. The increasing use of cannabis among females warrants clinicians' attention to routine screening for use and provision of information about the mental health impacts of cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale longitudinal analysis of the progression of alcohol use among members of a social media platform: an observational study.","authors":"Fernanda C Andrade, William U Meyerson, Rick H Hoyle","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2414324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2414324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The large-scale identification of people at risk of transitioning from relatively lower-risk to higher-risk alcohol use (e.g. problem drinking) remains a public health challenge despite advances in the identification of risk and protective factors.<i>Objective:</i> This observational study used machine learning to identify Reddit (social media platform) posting activity associated with transitioning from lower- to higher-risk forms of alcohol use.<i>Methods:</i> We employed bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify lower- and higher-risk alcohol-related subreddits. Using a non-parametric negative control procedure, we estimated each of 10,006 Reddit communities' risk of progression from lower- to higher-risk alcohol-related communities and applied a random forest model to predict progression among individual Reddit members. Eligible Reddit members had posted on Reddit for two or more years before their first post in a lower-risk alcohol-related community and for three or more years after that (<i>N</i> = 4,160).<i>Results:</i> Our methodology identified 42 alcohol-related communities, four of which were suggestive of problem drinking. Five communities were significantly associated with progression. Random forests model's risk scores for individual members correlated with their progression to higher-risk communities at 0.30; the model predicted progression of individual Reddit members with a 0.92 area under the curve.<i>Conclusions:</i> Posting in communities dedicated to other substance use, depression, and occupation in the food service industry was associated with posting activity suggestive of problem drinking 3 years later. Posting activity on Reddit may be used for early detection of people at higher risk of transitioning from lower- to higher-risk forms of alcohol use.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New therapeutics for the prevention or amelioration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a narrative review of the preclinical literature.","authors":"Montserrat Olivares-Costa, María Carolina Fabio, Erwin De la Fuente-Ortega, Paola A Haeger, Ricardo Pautassi","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2361442","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2361442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Ethanol consumption during pregnancy induces enduring detrimental effects in the offspring, manifesting as a spectrum of symptoms collectively termed as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Presently, there is a scarcity of treatments for FASD.<i>Objectives:</i> To analyze current literature, emphasizing evidence derived from preclinical models, that could potentially inform therapeutic interventions for FASD.<i>Methods:</i> A narrative review was conducted focusing on four prospective treatments: nutritional supplements, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds and environmental enrichment. The review also highlights innovative therapeutic strategies applied during early (e.g. folate administration, postnatal days 4-9) or late (e.g. NOX2 inhibitors given after weaning) postnatal stages that resulted in significant improvements in behavioral responses during adolescence (a critical period marked by the emergence of mental health issues in humans).<i>Results:</i> Our findings underscore the value of treatments centered around nutritional supplementation or environmental enrichment, aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, implying shared mechanisms in FASD pathogenesis. Moreover, the review spotlights emerging evidence pertaining to the involvement of novel molecular components with potential pharmacological targets (such as NOX2, MCP1/CCR2, PPARJ, and PDE1).<i>Conclusions:</i> Preclinical studies have identified oxidative imbalance and neuroinflammation as relevant pathological mechanisms induced by prenatal ethanol exposure. The relevance of these mechanisms, which exhibit positive feedback loop mechanisms, appear to peak during early development and decreases in adulthood. These findings provide a framework for the future development of therapeutic avenues in the development of specific clinical treatments for FASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"749-770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in surface-based brain morphometry in men with opioid use disorder.","authors":"Abhishek Ghosh, Abhishek Verma, Simranjit Kaur, Chirag K Ahuja, Ritu Nehra, Paramjit Singh, Manish Modi, Debasish Basu","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2417220","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2417220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Cortical differences in thickness, folding, and complexity may reflect synaptic pruning and myelination alterations. Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) may demonstrate differences in these cortical metrics due to neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure.<i>Objectives:</i> We compared the cortical metrics between individuals with OUD and controls. The influence of age and duration of opioid exposure were considered indirect evidence for preexisting or opioid-exposure-based structural aberrations.<i>Methods:</i> Sixty-nine treatment-naïve men with OUD (52 heroin, 17 non-heroin) and 25 age and education-matched non-drug-using male controls were recruited from a treatment center and community, respectively. 3-Tesla Siemens Magnetom Verio scanner and Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12 were used for image acquisition and processing. Cortical parcellation was performed using Destrieux atlas. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) metrics were cortical thickness, sulcal depth, fractal dimension, and gyrification index.<i>Results:</i> Only two cortical areas survived corrections for multiple comparisons: persons with OUD had greater sulcal depth in the right lateral orbital sulcus (<i>p</i> = .0003, Glass's delta = 0.98) and lower gyrification index in the left frontal middle gyrus (<i>p</i> = .0005, Glass's delta = 0.67) than controls. The group-by-age interaction effect on the cortical thickness was non-significant. Lower age of initiation of opioid use was associated with larger cortical thickness in the inferior frontal (<i>r</i> = -0.36, <i>p</i> = .002) and anterior cingulate (<i>r</i> = -0.35, <i>p</i> = .003) regions. Duration of OUD negatively correlated with cortical thickness in frontal and occipital areas (<i>r</i> > -.30, <i>p</i> = .004-.007).<i>Conclusion:</i> Cortical abnormalities may stem from altered synaptic pruning and myelination, possibly due to neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"819-830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance use: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Virgil Lee Gregory, David A Wilkerson, Samantha N Wolfe-Taylor, Breena L Miller, Alexander D Lipsey","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2400934","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2400934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Prior meta-analyses have evaluated digital interventions for alcohol exclusively and alcohol/tobacco combined. These meta-analyses showed positive outcomes pertaining to alcohol and alcohol/tobacco combined. Yet questions remain pertaining to the effect of digital cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing alcohol and drug use.<i>Objectives:</i> The purpose of the meta-analysis was to determine the mean effect size, relative to control groups, of digital CBT, for posttest reductions in drug and/or alcohol use.<i>Methods:</i> The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses criteria was used to guide this review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases (APA PsycArticles, Academic Search Complete, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Social Sciences Full Text, Social Work Abstracts, SocINDEX), clinicaltrials.gov, reference lists were searched. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID#: CRD42023471492). The CBT interventions included cognitive restructuring.<i>Results:</i> All but one of the effect sizes favored digital CBT (from -0.02 to -1.45). After the removal an outlier, a small, significant, random effects model Hedges' <i>g</i> summary effect of -0.23 (95% confidence interval: -0.32, -0.14, <i>p</i> < .0001) showed a reduction in substance use at the posttest, favoring digital CBT relative to the control group. A variety of control conditions were used; however, the effects sizes had minimal heterogeneity (<i>k</i> = 17, <i>I</i>² = 5.34, <i>Q</i> = 16.9, <i>p</i> = .39). The funnel plot and Egger regression test intercept (0.01, <i>p</i> = .99) lacked publication bias.<i>Conclusion:</i> The meta-analytic findings suggest digital CBT is an efficacious treatment for reducing alcohol and drug use overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"771-785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use and help seeking as coping behaviors among parents and unpaid caregivers of adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Prerna Varma, Lara DePadilla, Mark É Czeisler, Elizabeth A Rohan, Matthew D Weaver, Stuart F Quan, Rebecca Robbins, Chirag G Patel, Stephanie Melillo, Alexandra Drane, Sarah Stephens Winnay, Rashon I Lane, Charles A Czeisler, Mark E Howard, Shantha M W Rajaratnam, Jennifer L Matjasko","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394970","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregiving responsibilities may have been associated with increased substance use.<i>Objectives:</i> To characterize substance use to cope with stress and willingness to seek help among (i) parents, (ii) unpaid caregivers of adults, and (iii) parent-caregivers.<i>Methods:</i> Data were analyzed for 10,444 non-probabilistic internet-based survey respondents of the COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) initiative (5227 females, 5217 males). Questions included new or increased substance use, substance use in the past 30 days to cope, insomnia, mental health, and willingness to seek help.<i>Results:</i> Nearly 20% of parents and unpaid caregivers of adults each reported new or increased use of substances to cope with stress or emotions; 65.4% of parent-caregivers endorsed this response. Compared to non-caregivers, all caregiver groups had higher odds of new or increased use of substances, with parent-caregivers showing the largest effect size (aOR: 7.19 (5.87-8.83), <i>p</i> < .001). Parent-caregivers had four times the adjusted odds of using drugs other than cannabis (aOR: 4.01 (3.15-5.09), <i>p</i> < .001) compared to non-caregivers.<i>Conclusions:</i> Caregivers may initiate or increase substance use as a coping strategy when under stress. The higher odds of substance use underscores the importance of efforts to screen for sleep disturbances and adverse mental health symptoms, particularly among parent-caregivers. Clinicians may consider asking patients about family situations more broadly to help identify people who may be experiencing stress related to caregiving and, if indicated, offer treatment to potentially alleviate some of the risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"851-863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties and invariance testing of the Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Scale in a Chilean sample.","authors":"Marcela Soto, Alvaro Vergés","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2411681","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2411681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Cannabis refusal self-efficacy (CRSE), as the people´s belief about their capacity to resist cannabis, has been probed to predict cannabis use and related behaviors. The CRSE Questionnaire (CRSEQ) has 14 items grouped into Emotional Relief Self-Efficacy (6 items), Opportunistic Self-Efficacy (5 items), and Social Facilitation (3 items), forming a CRSE higher-order factor.<i>Objective:</i> To validate the CRSEQ for its use in the Chilean population.<i>Method:</i> The CRSEQ was administered to 1,275 individuals aged 12 to 77 (835 females). Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to evaluate 14-item and 19-item models. Estimates of internal consistency, temporal stability, and convergent validity with cannabis use behaviors and reward sensitivity were obtained. Additionally, three multigroup invariance tests were conducted.<i>Results:</i> Both models exhibited good fit indices. The 14-item model showed χ² (74) = 245.662, <i>p</i> < .001, CFI = .974, RMSEA = .047, indicating slightly better fit compared to the 19-item model, which showed χ² (149) = 559.596, <i>p</i> < .001, CFI = .958, RMSEA = .051. Both models showed strong internal consistency (α = .80 to .96 for the 14-item model, α = .80 to .96 for the 19-item model), moderate to high temporal stability (ICCs 14-item model/ 19-item model: ERSE = .77/.78, OSE = .88/.89, SF = .82/.82), and significant convergent validity (correlations with cannabis use behaviors: .22 to .58).<i>Conclusion:</i> The better fit of the 14-item model makes it suitable for most applications. Convergent validity and multigroup invariance analyses confirmed the questionnaire's equivalence across sex, age groups, and cannabis use problem status. This allows for meaningful comparisons of cannabis refusal self-efficacy between different demographic groups, facilitating its applicability in diverse settings such as educational institutions and substance use treatment centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"798-806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of naringenin against methamphetamine-induced cell death in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.","authors":"Zahra Khajepour, Samaneh Reiszadeh Jahromi, Shahryar Dabiri, Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2418900","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2418900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Methamphetamine is a psychoactive substance that competes with the dopamine transporter, disrupting its flow and storage. This can trigger oxidative stress, finally resulting in neural cell death. Due to the increasing prevalence of methamphetamine use, extensive research has been devoted to finding treatments that ameliorate its detrimental effects. Naringenin, a dietary flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has shown several neuroprotective and pharmacological properties.<i>Objectives:</i> This study was aimed to assess the protective effects of naringenin against methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic cell death.<i>Methods:</i> Before exposure to methamphetamine, human neuroblastomaSH-SY5Y cells were either pretreated or not treated (controls) with naringenin. Cell viability, level of oxidative stress markers, and expression of some genes involved in apoptosis and autophagy processes were then assessed using MTT, ROS, and MMP assays, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques.<i>Results:</i> Naringenin pretreatment significantly enhanced cell viability following methamphetamine exposure (<i>p</i> < .01). It significantly decreased ROS levels (<i>p</i> < .001), preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, and moderated upregulation of apoptotic (<i>CytC</i>, <i>Casp3</i>, and <i>Bax</i>) and autophagic genes (<i>Beclin</i>-1, and <i>LC-3</i>) and down-regulation of <i>Bcl-2</i> as an anti-apoptotic gene. Similar naringenin-mediated patterns were observed for cytochrome C and caspase 3 proteins.<i>Conclusion:</i> Naringenin administration can be considered for treating the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"807-818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel rural hospital/clinic-system practice-based research network: the Rural Addiction Implementation Network (RAIN) initiative and its goals, implementation, and early results.","authors":"Kody Hafen, Harlan Wallace, Kayla Fritz, Cole Fordham, Tyler Haskell, A Taylor Kelley, Audrey L Jones, Gerald Cochran, Adam J Gordon","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394487","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Rural and frontier communities face high rates of opioid use disorders (OUDs). In 2021, the Rural Addiction Implementation Network (RAIN) sought to establish a rural hospital/clinic-system practice-based research network (RH-PBRN) to facilitate implementation of evidence-based addiction-related prevention, treatment, and recovery (PTR) services to reduce the morbidity of OUD and substance use disorder (SUD) in rural communities.<i>Objective:</i> To describe the goals and implementation of PTR activities of RAIN, a novel RH-PBRN.<i>Methods:</i> RAIN identified teams of external/internal facilitators at four rural hospitals/clinic-networks to achieve at least 15 PTR activities involving OUD and other SUDs. RAIN utilized an implementation-facilitation approach: facilitators assessed the implementation environment and promoted interventions to overcome barriers to PTR implementation. Other interventions included site visits, community of learning calls, and e-communication. RAIN assessed and recorded facilitators and barriers to implementation, milestone attainment, and outcomes of PTR activities. At 18 months, we queried facilitators about the fidelity and implementation of RAIN activities.<i>Results:</i> RAIN established an HP-PBRN in four sites (Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming). Within the HP-PBRN, 20 PTR activities were established (<i>p</i> = 7, <i>T</i> = 10, <i>R</i> = 3; range 3-7 per site). Barriers to implementation of PTR activities included competing clinical demands, especially due to COVID-19, lack of dedicated effort for staff at sites, and stigma of addiction and its treatment. Facilitators of implementation included the use of trained expert facilitators and communication between the sites.<i>Conclusions:</i> RAIN implemented 20 addiction-related PTR activities in four rural hospitals/clinic-networks. RAIN's intervention model could be replicated to address addiction-related harms in other rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"786-797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}