American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse最新文献

{"title":"Alterations in surface-based brain morphometry in men with opioid use disorder.","authors":"Abhishek Ghosh, Abhishek Verma, Simranjit Kaur, Chirag K Ahuja, Ritu Nehra, Paramjit Singh, Manish Modi, Debasish Basu","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2417220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2417220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Cortical differences in thickness, folding, and complexity may reflect synaptic pruning and myelination alterations. Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) may demonstrate differences in these cortical metrics due to neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure.<i>Objectives:</i> We compared the cortical metrics between individuals with OUD and controls. The influence of age and duration of opioid exposure were considered indirect evidence for preexisting or opioid-exposure-based structural aberrations.<i>Methods:</i> Sixty-nine treatment-naïve men with OUD (52 heroin, 17 non-heroin) and 25 age and education-matched non-drug-using male controls were recruited from a treatment center and community, respectively. 3-Tesla Siemens Magnetom Verio scanner and Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12 were used for image acquisition and processing. Cortical parcellation was performed using Destrieux atlas. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) metrics were cortical thickness, sulcal depth, fractal dimension, and gyrification index.<i>Results:</i> Only two cortical areas survived corrections for multiple comparisons: persons with OUD had greater sulcal depth in the right lateral orbital sulcus (<i>p</i> = .0003, Glass's delta = 0.98) and lower gyrification index in the left frontal middle gyrus (<i>p</i> = .0005, Glass's delta = 0.67) than controls. The group-by-age interaction effect on the cortical thickness was non-significant. Lower age of initiation of opioid use was associated with larger cortical thickness in the inferior frontal (<i>r</i> = -0.36, <i>p</i> = .002) and anterior cingulate (<i>r</i> = -0.35, <i>p</i> = .003) regions. Duration of OUD negatively correlated with cortical thickness in frontal and occipital areas (<i>r</i> > -.30, <i>p</i> = .004-.007).<i>Conclusion:</i> Cortical abnormalities may stem from altered synaptic pruning and myelination, possibly due to neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of naringenin against methamphetamine-induced cell death in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.","authors":"Zahra Khajepour, Samaneh Reiszadeh Jahromi, Shahryar Dabiri, Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2418900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2418900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Methamphetamine is a psychoactive substance that competes with the dopamine transporter, disrupting its flow and storage. This can trigger oxidative stress, finally resulting in neural cell death. Due to the increasing prevalence of methamphetamine use, extensive research has been devoted to finding treatments that ameliorate its detrimental effects. Naringenin, a dietary flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has shown several neuroprotective and pharmacological properties.<i>Objectives:</i> This study was aimed to assess the protective effects of naringenin against methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic cell death.<i>Methods:</i> Before exposure to methamphetamine, human neuroblastomaSH-SY5Y cells were either pretreated or not treated (controls) with naringenin. Cell viability, level of oxidative stress markers, and expression of some genes involved in apoptosis and autophagy processes were then assessed using MTT, ROS, and MMP assays, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques.<i>Results:</i> Naringenin pretreatment significantly enhanced cell viability following methamphetamine exposure (<i>p</i> < .01). It significantly decreased ROS levels (<i>p</i> < .001), preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, and moderated upregulation of apoptotic (<i>CytC</i>, <i>Casp3</i>, and <i>Bax</i>) and autophagic genes (<i>Beclin</i>-1, and <i>LC-3</i>) and down-regulation of <i>Bcl-2</i> as an anti-apoptotic gene. Similar naringenin-mediated patterns were observed for cytochrome C and caspase 3 proteins.<i>Conclusion:</i> Naringenin administration can be considered for treating the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties and invariance testing of the Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Scale in a Chilean sample.","authors":"Marcela Soto, Alvaro Vergés","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2411681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2411681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Cannabis refusal self-efficacy (CRSE), as the people´s belief about their capacity to resist cannabis, has been probed to predict cannabis use and related behaviors. The CRSE Questionnaire (CRSEQ) has 14 items grouped into Emotional Relief Self-Efficacy (6 items), Opportunistic Self-Efficacy (5 items), and Social Facilitation (3 items), forming a CRSE higher-order factor.<i>Objective:</i> To validate the CRSEQ for its use in the Chilean population.<i>Method:</i> The CRSEQ was administered to 1,275 individuals aged 12 to 77 (835 females). Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to evaluate 14-item and 19-item models. Estimates of internal consistency, temporal stability, and convergent validity with cannabis use behaviors and reward sensitivity were obtained. Additionally, three multigroup invariance tests were conducted.<i>Results:</i> Both models exhibited good fit indices. The 14-item model showed χ² (74) = 245.662, <i>p</i> < .001, CFI = .974, RMSEA = .047, indicating slightly better fit compared to the 19-item model, which showed χ² (149) = 559.596, <i>p</i> < .001, CFI = .958, RMSEA = .051. Both models showed strong internal consistency (α = .80 to .96 for the 14-item model, α = .80 to .96 for the 19-item model), moderate to high temporal stability (ICCs 14-item model/ 19-item model: ERSE = .77/.78, OSE = .88/.89, SF = .82/.82), and significant convergent validity (correlations with cannabis use behaviors: .22 to .58).<i>Conclusion:</i> The better fit of the 14-item model makes it suitable for most applications. Convergent validity and multigroup invariance analyses confirmed the questionnaire's equivalence across sex, age groups, and cannabis use problem status. This allows for meaningful comparisons of cannabis refusal self-efficacy between different demographic groups, facilitating its applicability in diverse settings such as educational institutions and substance use treatment centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between college enrollment and trends in substance use among young adults in the US from 2015 to 2019.","authors":"James Aluri, Himani Byregowda, Amelia Arria","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2400923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2400923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Substance use among college students has negative academic and health outcomes. Identifying substances that are more commonly used by students than non-students can reveal specific risks in the college environment.<i>Objectives:</i> To examine associations between college enrollment and prevalence and trends of use of a comprehensive list of substances.<i>Methods:</i> The sample included 2015-2019 participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health who were aged 18 to 22 and who were full-time enrolled or not enrolled in college. Prevalence of substance use was calculated for four subgroups: college males (<i>n</i> = 6,707), college females (<i>n</i> = 8,284), non-college males (<i>n</i> = 10,019), and non-college females (<i>n</i> = 9,266). Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the relationships between enrollment and substance use. Temporal trends in substance use prevalence were calculated for each subgroup.<i>Results:</i> College enrollment was associated with prescription stimulant misuse (aOR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35-1.67), alcohol use (aOR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27-1.47), and binge drinking (aOR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15-1.30). From 2015 to 2019, the only substance whose use significantly increased among any subgroup was cannabis. The increase occurred among females only (+4.7% in college females and +5.6% in non-college females; both <i>p</i> < .01).<i>Conclusions:</i> College enrollment is most strongly associated with prescription stimulant misuse, suggesting that colleges should consider explicitly including stimulant misuse prevention in their health promotion strategies. The increasing use of cannabis among females warrants clinicians' attention to routine screening for use and provision of information about the mental health impacts of cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale longitudinal analysis of the progression of alcohol use among members of a social media platform: an observational study.","authors":"Fernanda C Andrade, William U Meyerson, Rick H Hoyle","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2414324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2414324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The large-scale identification of people at risk of transitioning from relatively lower-risk to higher-risk alcohol use (e.g. problem drinking) remains a public health challenge despite advances in the identification of risk and protective factors.<i>Objective:</i> This observational study used machine learning to identify Reddit (social media platform) posting activity associated with transitioning from lower- to higher-risk forms of alcohol use.<i>Methods:</i> We employed bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify lower- and higher-risk alcohol-related subreddits. Using a non-parametric negative control procedure, we estimated each of 10,006 Reddit communities' risk of progression from lower- to higher-risk alcohol-related communities and applied a random forest model to predict progression among individual Reddit members. Eligible Reddit members had posted on Reddit for two or more years before their first post in a lower-risk alcohol-related community and for three or more years after that (<i>N</i> = 4,160).<i>Results:</i> Our methodology identified 42 alcohol-related communities, four of which were suggestive of problem drinking. Five communities were significantly associated with progression. Random forests model's risk scores for individual members correlated with their progression to higher-risk communities at 0.30; the model predicted progression of individual Reddit members with a 0.92 area under the curve.<i>Conclusions:</i> Posting in communities dedicated to other substance use, depression, and occupation in the food service industry was associated with posting activity suggestive of problem drinking 3 years later. Posting activity on Reddit may be used for early detection of people at higher risk of transitioning from lower- to higher-risk forms of alcohol use.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance use: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Virgil Lee Gregory, David A Wilkerson, Samantha N Wolfe-Taylor, Breena L Miller, Alexander D Lipsey","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2400934","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2400934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Prior meta-analyses have evaluated digital interventions for alcohol exclusively and alcohol/tobacco combined. These meta-analyses showed positive outcomes pertaining to alcohol and alcohol/tobacco combined. Yet questions remain pertaining to the effect of digital cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing alcohol and drug use.<i>Objectives:</i> The purpose of the meta-analysis was to determine the mean effect size, relative to control groups, of digital CBT, for posttest reductions in drug and/or alcohol use.<i>Methods:</i> The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses criteria was used to guide this review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases (APA PsycArticles, Academic Search Complete, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Social Sciences Full Text, Social Work Abstracts, SocINDEX), clinicaltrials.gov, reference lists were searched. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID#: CRD42023471492). The CBT interventions included cognitive restructuring.<i>Results:</i> All but one of the effect sizes favored digital CBT (from -0.02 to -1.45). After the removal an outlier, a small, significant, random effects model Hedges' <i>g</i> summary effect of -0.23 (95% confidence interval: -0.32, -0.14, <i>p</i> < .0001) showed a reduction in substance use at the posttest, favoring digital CBT relative to the control group. A variety of control conditions were used; however, the effects sizes had minimal heterogeneity (<i>k</i> = 17, <i>I</i>² = 5.34, <i>Q</i> = 16.9, <i>p</i> = .39). The funnel plot and Egger regression test intercept (0.01, <i>p</i> = .99) lacked publication bias.<i>Conclusion:</i> The meta-analytic findings suggest digital CBT is an efficacious treatment for reducing alcohol and drug use overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use and help seeking as coping behaviors among parents and unpaid caregivers of adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Prerna Varma, Lara DePadilla, Mark É Czeisler, Elizabeth A Rohan, Matthew D Weaver, Stuart F Quan, Rebecca Robbins, Chirag G Patel, Stephanie Melillo, Alexandra Drane, Sarah Stephens Winnay, Rashon I Lane, Charles A Czeisler, Mark E Howard, Shantha M W Rajaratnam, Jennifer L Matjasko","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394970","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregiving responsibilities may have been associated with increased substance use.<i>Objectives:</i> To characterize substance use to cope with stress and willingness to seek help among (i) parents, (ii) unpaid caregivers of adults, and (iii) parent-caregivers.<i>Methods:</i> Data were analyzed for 10,444 non-probabilistic internet-based survey respondents of the COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) initiative (5227 females, 5217 males). Questions included new or increased substance use, substance use in the past 30 days to cope, insomnia, mental health, and willingness to seek help.<i>Results:</i> Nearly 20% of parents and unpaid caregivers of adults each reported new or increased use of substances to cope with stress or emotions; 65.4% of parent-caregivers endorsed this response. Compared to non-caregivers, all caregiver groups had higher odds of new or increased use of substances, with parent-caregivers showing the largest effect size (aOR: 7.19 (5.87-8.83), <i>p</i> < .001). Parent-caregivers had four times the adjusted odds of using drugs other than cannabis (aOR: 4.01 (3.15-5.09), <i>p</i> < .001) compared to non-caregivers.<i>Conclusions:</i> Caregivers may initiate or increase substance use as a coping strategy when under stress. The higher odds of substance use underscores the importance of efforts to screen for sleep disturbances and adverse mental health symptoms, particularly among parent-caregivers. Clinicians may consider asking patients about family situations more broadly to help identify people who may be experiencing stress related to caregiving and, if indicated, offer treatment to potentially alleviate some of the risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of overdose in maternal patients with opioid use disorder: a scoping review.","authors":"Kelly A Campbell, Anna L Wilson, Marilyn Torres, Neha Dantuluri, Kimberly Fryer","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2407006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2407006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Opioid-related overdoses significantly contribute to mortality in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Few studies report risk factors predisposing pregnant and postpartum patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) to overdose.<i>Objective:</i> This scoping review aims to describe the risk factors predisposing pregnant and postpartum patients with OUD to overdose.<i>Method:</i> Included studies identified pregnant and/or postpartum patients with OUD and differentiated between those who experienced overdose and those who did not. Of the 1060 articles, 8 met the criteria, examining 90,860 pregnant and postpartum patients with OUD.<i>Results:</i> Consistent use of medications for OUD (MOUD) during pregnancy and the postpartum period was the most frequently identified factor reducing overdose risk. Critical times of heightened overdose risk include the first trimester and the 7-12-month postpartum period. Pregnancy complications, such as stillbirth, severe maternal morbidity, preterm birth, and cesarean delivery, also increase risk. Opioid overdose is associated with being houseless, incarcerated, young, unmarried, publicly insured, not graduating high school, co-occurring substance use disorders, and inadequate prenatal care. Legislative changes, such as not classifying OUD in pregnancy as \"child abuse\" and increasing Medicaid reimbursement for Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment programs, are crucial to reducing risk. The impact of race and the influence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders was inconsistently reported.<i>Conclusion:</i> This scoping review identifies significant risk factors for opioid overdose in pregnant and postpartum patients. Improving access through enhanced Medicaid reimbursement, non-punitive reporting policies, and non-stigmatized care are keys to reducing overdose.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I drink less and that's no small matter\": a qualitative descriptive study of a managed alcohol program evaluation in Barcelona.","authors":"David Filomena Velandia, Ester Aranda Rodríguez, Amaia Garrido Albaina, Catrina Clotas, Montse Bartroli Checa, M Isabel Pasarín Rua, Mercè Gotsens","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2404242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2404242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The concurrence of homelessness and alcohol use disorder (AUD) has negative consequences in affected individuals. Managed alcohol programs (MAPs), a harm reduction strategy based on providing regular doses of alcohol to individuals with AUD, have emerged as a potential solution to reduce alcohol-related harms.<i>Objectives:</i> This study examined the impact of a MAP implemented in Barcelona on patterns of alcohol and other psychoactive substance use, health, and quality of life among people who use drugs and were experiencing homelessness. The research also incorporated a gender perspective and focused on individuals who had accessed a residential center.<i>Methods:</i> A descriptive qualitative design was used, employing semi-structured interviews with eight participants who were enrolled in the MAP (three women, five men) and four program professionals. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the resulting data.<i>Results:</i> The domains guiding the study appeared as outcome themes: patterns of use of alcohol and other substances, health, quality of life and impact on female-identified participants. Participants reported improved health due to reduced consumption of alcohol and other substances, better anxiety management, and reconnection to health services. The participants reported enhanced quality of life, including feeling safer, and better use of time, which had been spent on meeting their basic needs. Women reported that a key benefit of the program was living in a sexism-free environment.<i>Conclusion:</i> These results appear to demonstrate that harm reduction strategies prioritizing basic needs and adopting a gender-sensitive perspective can positively impact the health and quality of life of people experiencing homelessness with AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel rural hospital/clinic-system practice-based research network: the Rural Addiction Implementation Network (RAIN) initiative and its goals, implementation, and early results.","authors":"Kody Hafen, Harlan Wallace, Kayla Fritz, Cole Fordham, Tyler Haskell, A Taylor Kelley, Audrey L Jones, Gerald Cochran, Adam J Gordon","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394487","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2394487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Rural and frontier communities face high rates of opioid use disorders (OUDs). In 2021, the Rural Addiction Implementation Network (RAIN) sought to establish a rural hospital/clinic-system practice-based research network (RH-PBRN) to facilitate implementation of evidence-based addiction-related prevention, treatment, and recovery (PTR) services to reduce the morbidity of OUD and substance use disorder (SUD) in rural communities.<i>Objective:</i> To describe the goals and implementation of PTR activities of RAIN, a novel RH-PBRN.<i>Methods:</i> RAIN identified teams of external/internal facilitators at four rural hospitals/clinic-networks to achieve at least 15 PTR activities involving OUD and other SUDs. RAIN utilized an implementation-facilitation approach: facilitators assessed the implementation environment and promoted interventions to overcome barriers to PTR implementation. Other interventions included site visits, community of learning calls, and e-communication. RAIN assessed and recorded facilitators and barriers to implementation, milestone attainment, and outcomes of PTR activities. At 18 months, we queried facilitators about the fidelity and implementation of RAIN activities.<i>Results:</i> RAIN established an HP-PBRN in four sites (Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming). Within the HP-PBRN, 20 PTR activities were established (<i>p</i> = 7, <i>T</i> = 10, <i>R</i> = 3; range 3-7 per site). Barriers to implementation of PTR activities included competing clinical demands, especially due to COVID-19, lack of dedicated effort for staff at sites, and stigma of addiction and its treatment. Facilitators of implementation included the use of trained expert facilitators and communication between the sites.<i>Conclusions:</i> RAIN implemented 20 addiction-related PTR activities in four rural hospitals/clinic-networks. RAIN's intervention model could be replicated to address addiction-related harms in other rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}