Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the impact of clown intervention on hospitalized children: A scoping review","authors":"Liling Yang ,&nbsp;Jianlin Ji ,&nbsp;WenJuan Tang ,&nbsp;Sha Zhan ,&nbsp;Chengqian Zeng ,&nbsp;Hanlin Yang ,&nbsp;Ping Tang ,&nbsp;Yan Jiang ,&nbsp;Ouyao Chen ,&nbsp;Qunfeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of clown therapy in improving the emotional state of hospitalized children. However, the specifics of clown therapy and the indicators of assessment are unclear. So it is necessary to explore clown interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Identify and map evidence regarding clown therapy for hospitalized children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review method and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guided the work. Seven databases were used: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and OVID. This study searched databases for English peer-reviewed articles on clown interventions for hospitalized children from January 2000 to April 2025. Data were extracted by one author and checked by another and analyzed descriptively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-three articles met the established criteria. Most of the research has been focused on the European and Asian regions and has been carried out on a one-to-one basis. Many studies did not report on the qualifications of the individuals performing as clowns. The outcome indicators chosen for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention were relatively homogeneous.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Clown interventions reduce negative emotions, but specifics and potential adverse effects need further research.</div></div><div><h3>Implication</h3><div>This study details how researchers conducted clown care and developed pathways for interventions in practice. In the future, the use of clowning interventions in the hospital setting will be critical in facilitating the acclimatization of the child and his/her family to the inpatient setting, positive treatment, and recovery from illness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 48-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effects of augmented reality-based interventions on pediatric patient outcomes in the clinical setting: A systematic review","authors":"Eyşan Hanzade Savaş ,&nbsp;Adnan Batuhan Coşkun ,&nbsp;Erhan Elmaoğlu ,&nbsp;Remziye Semerci ,&nbsp;Nejla Canbulat Şahiner","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Augmented reality (AR)-based interventions are increasingly being used in pediatric healthcare settings as non-pharmacological tools to reduce distress and improve patient outcomes. This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness, feasibility, and usability of AR interventions in improving physical, emotional, and psychological outcomes among pediatric patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across six databases—PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL—for studies published up to December 12, 2024. Eligible studies included those evaluating AR-based interventions with outcomes related to physical, emotional, or psychological health. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction and assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42025638915).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review included 14 studies involving 1057 children across diverse clinical settings such as surgery, oncology, dentistry, rehabilitation, and anesthesia induction. AR interventions were associated with reduced procedural pain and anxiety, improved cooperation and emotional comfort, increased knowledge acquisition, and enhanced satisfaction with care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AR-based interventions show significant promise in improving pediatric patient experiences and outcomes across a variety of healthcare domains. However, current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, methodological variability, and short-term evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Implication to practice</h3><div>AR-based interventions can enhance pediatric care by reducing pain and anxiety, improving cooperation, and increasing patient satisfaction. Their integration into clinical routines may support more positive healthcare experiences for children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comic book for asthma control in children","authors":"Alessandra Rosa Biaggi Barreto RN ,&nbsp;Leticia Fernanda Tavares Sousa de Oliveira RN ,&nbsp;Renan Alves Silva RN, PhD ,&nbsp;Aline Santacruz Belela RN, PhD ,&nbsp;Denise Miyuki Kusahara RN, PhD ,&nbsp;Vinicius Batista Santos RN, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>to develop and analyze evidence of validity of a comic book for self-care of children with asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>this is a methodological study carried out in three phases. The first phase consisted of an integrative literature review to map the main guidelines for children with asthma and comic book development. The second phase consisted of analysis of evidence of content validity by 17 experts in the comic book and a questionnaire for children to assess the comic book. The third phase consisted of the comic book analysis by children with asthma using the questionnaire validated in the previous phase. Inter-judge agreement analysis was performed by calculating the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), and the critical value for each phase and round was based on the number of evaluators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>thirty-nine studies were identified in the review and seven topics were addressed in the comic book construction (knowledge of disease; prevention of crises; correct use of medications; physical activity; environmental control; behavior in case of worsening of symptoms; and recognition of symptoms). The comic book script was assessed by experts, requiring four rounds for it to reach the critical CVR determined. It was subsequently assessed by 30 children with asthma, reaching the critical CVR in the first round of assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>the comic book achieved adequate evidence of validity after assessment by experts and children, and could be a tool in the health education process for children with asthma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media addiction, nomophobia, and social anxiety among adolescents: A mediation analysis","authors":"Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya RN, PhD, Prof ,&nbsp;Hülya Kulakçı-Altıntaş RN, PhD, Assoc. Prof","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Nomophobia is an increasing public health problem affecting the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health of adolescents. Social anxiety and social media addiction are two significant concerns that can exacerbate nomophobia behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between social media addiction and nomophobia among adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Design and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional design was conducted. The study was completed with 1724 adolescents. Data were collected via Personal Information Form, the Nomophobia Questionnaire, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and the Social Media Addiction Scale. Process Macro Model 4, which can estimate direct and indirect effects, was conducted to verify the mediating role.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More than half of the adolescents (62.8 %) had moderate to extreme levels of nomophobia behaviors, one in three adolescents was addicted to social media (32 %), and the level of social anxiety perceived by the majority was medium (mean = 43.40). The study found an indirect mediating role of social anxiety (12.4 %) in the relationship between social media addiction and nomophobia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study concluded that social anxiety has a partial mediating role in the effect of social media addiction and nomophobia.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implications</h3><div>Nurses could develop practical strategies, such as peer support programs, parental awareness programs by considering the impact of social media addiction and the mediating role of social anxiety in decreasing nomophobia in adolescents. Nurses could design emotion regulation enhancement programs, and encourage them to participate in sportive or artistic activities to improve peer interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Art healing and play: Reducing pain and anxiety in hospitalized children during venipuncture","authors":"Fathia Ahmed Mersal ,&nbsp;Shereen Ahmed Elwasefy ,&nbsp;Amal Ahmed Elbilgahy","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hospitalization can induce significant stress in children, especially during medical procedures like venipuncture. Young patients often experience heightened anxiety and pain, making effective management crucial. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as art healing and play therapy, offer promising alternatives to alleviate distress while promoting emotional expression.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of art healing and play therapy as non-pharmacological interventions in decreasing pain and anxiety in hospitalized children undergoing venipuncture.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 120 children aged 5 to 8 years at a pediatric ward. Participants were assigned to three groups: Art healing Group (AHG), Play Distraction Group (PDG), and Control Group (CG). Pain and anxiety levels were measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and the Facial Affective Scale before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both ADG and PDG showed significant reductions in post-procedure pain and anxiety levels compared to CG. The art healing group reported a mean post-procedure pain score of 1.15 (SD = 1.56), while the play distraction group reported 1.18 (SD = 1.50), significantly lower than the control group's score of 4.45 (SD = 1.98). No significant differences were observed between the two intervention groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Art healing and play therapy are effective non-pharmacological strategies for alleviating pain and anxiety in hospitalized children during venipuncture. Implementing these interventions can enhance pediatric care by providing supportive environments for children undergoing painful procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of caregiver satisfaction with a hybrid care model for autism diagnostic evaluations","authors":"Michele Kilmer DNP, APRN, CPNP-PC ,&nbsp;Emily Shah MA ,&nbsp;Danielle Randolph RN ,&nbsp;Lauren Quetsch PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Decreased access to diagnostic services is a known barrier in autism care management. Utilizing a hybrid care model incorporating telehealth and face-to-face appointments may be one option to increase access to care. The current study examined caregivers' satisfaction with a hybrid model used to administer pediatric autism diagnostic evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a quantitative research design with convenience sampling to administer a telehealth satisfaction survey to caregivers of children living in medically underserved areas who were referred for an autism diagnostic evaluation. Timeliness and accuracy of diagnostic evaluations via the hybrid model were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Most caregivers did not report barriers to telehealth, and indicated the hybrid services were either better or equal to traditional appointments. Clinician competence and courtesy, the importance of the child's care to the staff, and access to telehealth appointments predicted caregiver satisfaction with the hybrid care model. The hybrid care model resulted in improved timeliness, and the accuracy of the evaluation results was verified with those obtained using traditional, face-to-face evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A hybrid care model may be a solution to increase access to autism diagnostic evaluations for pediatric patients, especially for those living in medically underserved areas.</div><div>Clinicians who administer autism screening assessments should consider incorporating telehealth appointments to facilitate pediatric autism diagnostic evaluations. Clinicians referring a patient to a hybrid program should assess for potential factors that would impede the use of telehealth prior to referral.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the children's coping scale-revised form","authors":"Figen Turk Dudukcu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Nesibe Gunay Molu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Neslihan Durmusoglu Saltali Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, reliability, and measurement invariance properties of the Children's Coping Scale-Revised Form (CCS-R) in a Turkish sample of preschool children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A methodological and cross-sectional study design was used. The sample of the study consisted of parents of 496 children between the ages of 4–5. Content validity, language validity, and construct validity were first examined. Item analyses and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the scale were then conducted. EFA results revealed a structure with 3 factors and 26 items, as in the original scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to verify the structure revealed in the EFA. CFA indicated that good and acceptable model fit values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A correlation between anxiety scores and the positive coping (PC), negative coping-emotional expression (NC-EE) and negative coping-emotional inhibition (NC-EI) among the CCS-R subdimensions was calculated within the scope of the convergent validity studies as −0.14, 0.40 and 0.33 respectively. To test the measurement invariance, the relationship between test-retest measures of CCS-R was examined. The reliability coefficients of Cronbach's alpha for PC, NC-EE, and NC-EI subdimensions of the scale ranged between 0.63 and 0.84. The correlation values calculated in the test-retest analysis of the scale were found to be 0.96, 0.97 and 0.97.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results show that CCS-R is a valid and reliable measure for the Turkish sample.</div></div><div><h3>Practical implications</h3><div>Nurses and professionals working with children can use the CCS-R to simply and objectively measure children's coping styles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The difficulties on management of pressure injuries encountered by pediatric nurses working in intensive care units in Türkiye: A descriptive qualitative study","authors":"Enes Şimşek ,&nbsp;Remziye Semerci Şahin","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.06.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.06.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of pediatric intensive care nurses regarding pressure injury prevention and management, focusing on identifying challenges, barriers, and system-level vulnerabilities in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Design and methods</h3><div>A descriptive qualitative design based on naturalistic inquiry was adopted. Data were collected from 28 pediatric intensive care nurses in Turkey between January and June 2025 using structured tools with demographic forms and open-ended questions. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling via social media and professional WhatsApp groups. Data saturation was reached, and analysis followed Downe-Wamboldt's content analysis framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two main themes and six sub-themes emerged. The themes were: (1) Clinical Outcomes of Inadequate Training and Protocol Deficiencies, and (2) Structural Vulnerabilities and Compensatory Improvisation in Pediatric Care Delivery. Sub-themes highlighted issues such as unsupported decision-making, educational inadequacies, protocol misalignment, resource limitations, improvised care strategies, and the emotional burden.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study highlights the urgent need for pediatric-specific protocols, consistent access to equipment, and hands-on training to bridge theory and practice. Institutional efforts must address structural and educational gaps to support nurses and improve care quality.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implications</h3><div>The findings are crucial for developing targeted educational programs, revised clinical protocols, and policy reforms aimed at reducing the incidence of pressure injuries and improving overall nursing care quality in pediatric settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"84 ","pages":"Pages 403-411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the scale of pediatric nurses' attitudes towards advocacy roles: A validity and reliability study","authors":"Berna Eren Fidanci ,&nbsp;Merve Cil ,&nbsp;Adnan Kan ,&nbsp;Dilek Yildiz","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This is a methodological study aiming to improve a standardised tool to determine the attitudes of pediatric nurses regarding their advocacy role.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data were collected online to facilitate access to pediatric nurses from different regions and to reach a large sample group. The study was conducted between May and November 2024 with 540 pediatric nurses that met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. In the data collection phase, the “Introductory Information Form for Pediatric Nurses” and the “Attitude Scale on Advocacy Roles of Pediatric Nurses” were used. Psychometric properties of the scale such as content validity, face validity, construct validity and reliability were tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Scale of Pediatric Nurses' Attitudes Towards Advocacy Roles consists of 17 items in total, showing a four-factor structure which includes <em>“strength of advocacy”, “rejection”, “ownership”,</em> and <em>“determination”.</em> The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale is 0.870.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Scale of Pediatric Nurses' Attitudes Towards Advocacy Roles is a valid and reliable measurement tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"84 ","pages":"Pages 412-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for action: Adverse drug events and level of harm in hospitalized pediatric patients in Palestine: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Farah Mattour M.Sc ,&nbsp;Shahenaz Najjar Ph.D ,&nbsp;Yousef Mimi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Heba Falna M.Sc ,&nbsp;Haya Sultan M.Sc ,&nbsp;Majdoleen Daoud M.Sc","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a significant cause of preventable harm among hospitalized pediatric patients. However, data on ADEs in Palestine remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the incidence, types, and severity of ADEs among hospitalized children in Palestine and to identify associated risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted across six hospitals in the West Bank. Medical records of 600 pediatric inpatients (aged &lt;15 years) hospitalized for at least 48 h were reviewed using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Global Trigger Tool (GTT) adapted for pediatrics. ADEs were identified and categorized by severity using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) Index, and they were analyzed in relation to patient demographics and hospital characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 155 ADEs were detected, with an overall incidence of 65.2 per 1000 patient-days and 67.0 per 1000 medication doses. The most common triggers were rash, anti-allergic medication use, and abrupt cessation of medication. Most ADEs (72.3 %) caused temporary harm requiring intervention (Category E), while 25.6 % resulted in prolonged hospitalization (Category F). Risk factors significantly associated with ADE occurrence included older age, private hospital admission, longer hospital stay, and regional differences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The incidence of ADEs in Palestinian pediatric inpatients is higher than previously reported internationally, underscoring the need to enhanced patient safety measures. Implementing standardized monitoring tools like the GTT can support early ADE detection and improve the quality of pediatric care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"84 ","pages":"Pages 397-402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}