Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families最新文献

{"title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the delirium detection and management scale for pediatric intensive care nurses","authors":"İlknur Bektas PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Nevruz Garip RN ,&nbsp;Murat Bektas PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Fatih Durak MD ,&nbsp;Cansel Dağlı RN","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This research was conducted to develop the Delirium Detect and Management Scale for Pediatric Intensive Care Nurses and investigate its Psychometric Properties.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This methodological study was conducted with pediatric intensive care nurses between January 20 and February 20, 2025. Two hundred thirteen pediatric intensive care nurses were included in the study. The “Nurse Identification Form” and “Delirium Detection and Management Scale for Pediatric Intensive Care Nurses” were used in the study. The scale's content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, and split-half analysis were used in the psychometric analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cronbach's alpha analysis, item-total score correlation methods, and explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data evaluation. The scale consists of 19 items and three sub-dimensions. In both explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, all factor loadings were found to be more than 0.30. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all fit indices were determined to be more than 0.80, and the RMSEA value was less than 0.08. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the entire scale and subscales were 0.93, 0.89, 0.84, and 0.82, respectively. The scale is a practical and reliable clinical tool that helps nurses obtain accurate, consistent, and meaningful patient data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings indicated that the developed scale is a valid and reliable tool.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implication</h3><div>Determining the in-service training needs of pediatric intensive care nurses regarding delirium, developing their delirium-related care competencies, and increasing the quality of patient care can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living in the shadows: Correlational analysis of behavioral trajectories and quality of life among siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"Nagwa Ibrahim Hamad PhD, MSN, BSc, RN ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Mohamed Amin PhD, MSN, BSc, RN ,&nbsp;Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry PhD, MSN, BSc, RN ,&nbsp;Tasneem Ragab Ahmed Salama PhD, MSN, BSc, RN ,&nbsp;Ahmed Farghaly Tawfik PhD, MSN, BSc, RN ,&nbsp;Asmaa Morshedy El-Tonoby PhD, MSN, BSc, RN","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often experience emotional neglect, caregiving burdens, and psychosocial stress, which compromise their quality of life (QoL) and increase vulnerability to long-term psychological strain.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the relationship between behavioral trajectories and quality of life among siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive correlational study design was employed with 200 parents of children diagnosis with NDDs and at least one sibling was recruited from pediatric hospitals. Data were collected using Socio-Demographic Interview Form, the Sibling Inventory of Behavior, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Siblings of children with NDD exhibited both positive behaviors (e.g., empathy, companionship) and negative behaviors (e.g., rivalry, aggression). Positive sibling behaviors were linked to better QoL, while negative behaviors correlated with poorer functioning. Regression analysis showed that educational level of the child with NDDs and sibling behavioral trajectories predicted QoL (R² = 0.286, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Parental education, age, and family income were also influential factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders are vulnerable to psychological strain, with their QoL directly impacted by sibling dynamics and socio-demographic variables. While positive interactions offer some protective value, they alone cannot offset the broader burdens imposed by living in high-demand caregiving environments.</div></div><div><h3>Nursing implications</h3><div>Nurses and allied health professionals should adopt family-centered approaches that integrate tailored psychosocial support programs for siblings of children with NDD. Support programs should focus on resilience-building, coping strategies, and inclusive family communication to mitigate emotional strain and enhance QoL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber-victimization and suicidal probability among adolescents: The moderating role of parenting styles from a nursing perspective","authors":"Mona Metwally El-Sayed ,&nbsp;Samah Mohamed Taha ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abdelwahab Khedr ,&nbsp;Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Mohamed Amin ,&nbsp;Eman Sameh Abd Elhay ,&nbsp;Hassan Mohammed Sonbol","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigated the moderating effect of parenting styles on the relationship between cyber-victimization and suicidal probability among adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional descriptive correlational survey was conducted with 1017 adolescents, utilizing the cyber-victimization scale, parental authority questionnaire, and suicide probability scale. Path analysis was employed</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Permissive parenting had a direct effect on suicidal probability, with an effect size of 0.239 and a critical ratio (CR 3.927, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), suggesting that this parenting style is linked to a higher risk of suicidal ideation among adolescents. Conversely, authoritative parenting demonstrated a significant adverse effect on suicidal probability, with a direct impact of −0.316 (CR = −6.498, p &lt; 0.001). The authoritarian parenting style also showed a significant positive effect on suicidal probability, with a direct impact of 0.424 (CR = 7.995, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, direct cyber victimization had a notable impact on suicidal probability, yielding a direct effect of 0.413 and an indirect effect of 0.116 (CR = 2.623, <em>p</em> = 0.009)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Permissive and authoritarian parenting styles are linked to an increased risk of suicide among adolescents. In contrast, authoritative parenting appears to offer protective benefits against the effects of cyberbullying. The younger adolescents and those living in urban areas as particularly vulnerable to online harassment, with financial difficulties and excessive internet use further complicating these challenges</div></div><div><h3>Implications to practice</h3><div>Promoting supportive parenting practices and creating safe online environments are essential strategies for improving adolescents' mental health and mitigating risks associated with suicide and victimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 250-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond bedtime: Improving sleep and behavioral functioning in children with ADHD through targeted interventions","authors":"Faten Mabrouk Nouh PhD ,&nbsp;Ahmad I. Miqdadi PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Majdi Alhadidi PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Abdulqadir J. Nashwan ,&nbsp;Amany Ibrahim Abdalla Ibrahim PhD ,&nbsp;Doaa A. Zayed PhD ,&nbsp;Jebril Al Hrinat PhD ,&nbsp;Aseel Hendi Master ,&nbsp;Rahma Elsayed Abdel Aziz PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental illnesses affecting children. Sleep is essential for overall health, happiness, and daily functioning; thus it should be a top priority for people with ADHD. We aimed to examine the impact of parental sleep hygiene education to improve sleep and behavioral outcomes in children with ADHD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used quasi experimental design with a pretest posttest study and control groups. The study population included 100 children. Data was collected using three instruments including: a structured interview questionnaire (socio-demographic characteristics of children's &amp; caregivers and sleep patterns), the children's sleep habits questionnaire, and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant improvement of children's sleep patterns, and sleep habits between control and experimental groups on post intervention. Additionally, ADHD-related behaviors measured by the SDQ improved significantly in the experimental group, with increased strengths and reduced behavioral difficulties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Study demonstrated that parent sleep hygiene education significantly improved sleep patterns, sleep habits and ADHD-related behaviors through increased behavioral strengths and reductions in behavioral difficulties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 477-485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between pediatric patient death and burnout among nurses: A single-center, point-prevalence study","authors":"Soichiro Tanimura MD ,&nbsp;Kana Yamashita RN ,&nbsp;Sarina Akiba RN ,&nbsp;Kaori Meguro RN ,&nbsp;Norihiko Tsuboi MD ,&nbsp;Shotaro Matsumoto MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.12.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.12.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Nurse burnout is an important issue related to nurse turnover. Although numerous risk factors have been identified, the impact of pediatric patient death on nurse burnout remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of the number of pediatric patient deaths encountered on burnout scores among nurses.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Single-center, point-prevalence study conducted in 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Tertiary pediatric hospital with a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements and main results</h3><div>An online questionnaire was developed and distributed to eligible nurses. Burnout was assessed via the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the online questionnaire was used to collect data on the nurses' age, overtime hours, and the number of pediatric patient deaths encountered by nurses in the previous year. In total, 132 nurses were included, with response rates of 91 % in PICU nurses and 79 % in general ward nurses. Based on the MBI-HSS results, PICU nurses had higher emotional exhaustion scores than general ward nurses (median: 29 [interquartile range: 17–40] vs. 16 [interquartile range: 14–24]). Further, the proportion of PICU nurses presenting with high burnout tendencies was greater than that of general ward nurses (54 % vs. 20 %). In the multiple regression analysis, the emotional exhaustion scores were associated with the number of pediatric deaths encountered by nurses (<em>β</em> = 2.4, 95 % confidence interval: 0.99–3.71, <em>p</em> = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The number of pediatric patient deaths encountered by nurses within the past year has an impact on emotional exhaustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 688-692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-compassion and secondary traumatic stress in pediatric oncology/hematology nurses","authors":"Tuğba Şahin Tokatlıoğlu ,&nbsp;Perihan Güner","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pediatric oncology/hematology nurses frequently witness the suffering and death of children, placing them at high risk for secondary traumatic stress. Self-compassion has emerged as a protective factor against psychological distress in healthcare professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This descriptive correlational study included 115 nurses in pediatric oncology/hematology units at six hospitals in three major cities. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple inferential statistical methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nurses reported moderate levels of secondary traumatic stress and self-compassion. A significant negative correlation was found between the total self-compassion scale and secondary traumatic stress scale scores (<em>r</em> = −0.46, indicating a moderate negative correlation, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Subscales of self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity were negatively associated with secondary traumatic stress. At the same time, self-judgment and isolation were positively correlated. Multiple regression analysis showed that self-compassion explained a significant portion of variance in secondary traumatic stress scores (R² = 0.31, indicating that 31 % of the variance was explained, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The findings suggest that higher self-compassion, particularly self-kindness and mindfulness, may buffer nurses against the adverse effects of secondary trauma. Conversely, self-critical attitudes may heighten vulnerability. These results highlight pediatric oncology nurses' emotional burden and underscore the importance of psychological support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Promoting self-compassion may help reduce secondary traumatic stress and improve well-being among pediatric oncology/hematology nurses. Interventions focused on self-compassion training could serve as a sustainable strategy to support nurses' mental health and care quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric vaccine information on YouTube: A nursing-led content analysis of quality and vaccine hesitancy","authors":"Aylin Akca Sumengen RN, BSN, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Gokce Naz Cakir RN, BSN, MSc ,&nbsp;Kader Tekkas-Kerman RN, BSN, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Remziye Semerci Sahin RN, BSN, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Damla Ozcevik Subasi RN, BSN, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Volkan Ayaz RN, BSN, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the quality and reliability of pediatric vaccination videos on YouTube from a nursing perspective and to identify hesitancy-related cues, indicators, and deterrents present in the content.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional, descriptive content analysis study, 243 English-language YouTube videos were analyzed using four keywords. Videos were evaluated with the Global Quality Scale (GQS), the Modified DISCERN tool, and the Pediatric Vaccine Hesitancy Assessment Tool for Social Media Content (PVHAT). In addition, engagement measures such as number of views, likes, video duration, and video characteristics such as source type and narrator identity were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall quality and reliability of the videos were moderate (mean GQS: 2.52; DISCERN: 2.83). Videos presented by healthcare professionals were of higher quality but showed lower user engagement. Videos with curiosity-driven titles, such as “What's in Vaccines?”, received more views and comments. Emotionally framed narratives were identified in 22.6 % of the videos, and expressions of distrust toward health authorities appeared in 8.2 %. Community immunity was emphasized in only 25.5 % of videos. A strong positive correlation was observed between DISCERN and GQS scores (<em>r</em> = 0.760, <em>p</em> &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pediatric vaccine content on YouTube often lacks high-quality, evidence-based information and frequently includes hesitancy-related signals. Public health communication should prioritize scientific accuracy while using engaging and accessible strategies, ideally through collaborations between healthcare professionals and digital content creators<strong>,</strong> to improve the reach and effectiveness of vaccination messages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pediatric nurses in managing post-vascular surgery complications in children","authors":"Xinyu Yao ,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pediatric vascular surgery poses unique postoperative challenges, where specialized nursing care is critical for preventing complications. This study evaluated the impact of nurse-led interventions on outcomes in pediatric vascular surgery patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric center (2018–2023) involving 312 patients undergoing vascular surgery. Patients were divided into standard care (<em>n</em> = 156) and nurse-led intervention (n = 156) groups. The intervention group received care from specialized nurses with lower nurse-to-patient ratios (NPR) (2.97:1 vs 5.03:1), enhanced monitoring, and structured early mobilization. Primary outcomes included surgical site infections (SSI), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), length of stay (LOS), and time to ambulation. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) days, catheter duration, and 30-day readmissions. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> tests, and logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nurse-led group showed significantly lower SSI (9.6 % vs 21.5 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and DVT rates (6.4 % vs 18.1 %, p &lt; 0.001). Time to ambulation improved (7.95 vs 15.83 h, p &lt; 0.001), and hospital LOS shortened (5.44 vs 6.61 days, <em>p</em> = 0.002). Catheter duration decreased (3.00 vs 4.00 days, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), while dressing changes increased (3.00 vs 2.00, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression identified catheter days (OR 1.45, <em>p</em> = 0.0001) and 24-h pain scores (OR 1.64, <em>p</em> = 0.001) as key SSI predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nurse-led interventions with optimized staffing and specialized protocols significantly reduce complications in pediatric vascular surgery. These findings advocate for investment in specialized nursing programs to enhance surgical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing procedural pain and fear in children using a hologram fan and bubble machine: A randomized controlled trial of passive distraction techniques","authors":"Cansu Öztürk PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Ülkü Güneş","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the effects of a hologram fan and a bubble machine on pain and fear during venipuncture in children.</div></div><div><h3>Design and methods</h3><div>This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the pediatrics department of a university hospital between February 2022 and June 2024. A total of 167 children aged 3–12 years requiring venipuncture were randomly assigned to Control, Hologram Fan, or Bubble Machine groups using block randomization. The Control group received routine care; the Hologram Fan group viewed 3D visual projections; and the Bubble Machine group was exposed to bubbles during the procedure. Pain, fear, emotional responses, and procedure duration were measured using validated tools. Data were analyzed with descriptive and non-parametric tests. The study is registered on <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (<span><span>NCT06044701</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pain levels decreased significantly over time in all groups (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with the Hologram Fan group reporting lower pain than the Control group during the procedure (<em>p</em> = 0.036) Fear levels also declined significantly in the Hologram and Bubble groups during and after the procedure (<em>p</em> = 0.003; <em>p</em> = 0.005). Emotional indicators, including facial expression and interaction, were significantly better in the Hologram group compared to the Control group (<em>p</em> = 0.001; <em>p</em> = 0.010).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hologram fans and bubble machines effectively reduced children's pain and fear during venipuncture, with holograms showing greater effect. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implications</h3><div>Simple, low-cost distractions like hologram fans and bubble machines can reduce children's pain and fear, creating more positive care experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 559-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of virtual and augmented reality in hospitalized pediatric nursing interventions: An integrative literature review","authors":"Yujeong Kim ,&nbsp;Mingi Chang ,&nbsp;Eunhee Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pedn.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This integrative review synthesized evidence on nursing interventions using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for hospitalized children, focusing on intervention strategies and components to guide standardized technology-based nursing programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following Whittemore and Knafl's framework, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, simulation-related journals, and domestic databases including Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and Database Periodical Information Academic (DBpia). Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria: ten randomized controlled trials, two case reports, and one quasi-experimental study. Study quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools, and data were analyzed by general characteristics, intervention strategies, and components.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most studies were published after 2020. Participants were mainly children aged 4–12 years. VR interventions predominated (84.6 %), while AR appeared in two studies. Single-session applications (76.9 %) under 10 min were common during injections, dressing changes, or surgery preparation. Longer AR storybooks supported psychological and educational needs. Outcomes included reductions in pain (46.2 %), anxiety (53.8 %), and fear, with interactive content showing stronger effects than passive viewing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>VR and AR are effective non-pharmacological tools to reduce distress in hospitalized children. VR is useful for procedural support, while AR shows potential for extended psychosocial care. Evidence gaps remain regarding chronic conditions, optimal dosage, and child-appropriate devices.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>By matching intervention type, duration, and interactivity to clinical goals and developmental stage, VR and AR can be applied as child-centered nursing strategies to enhance the hospital experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 646-653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}