Infectious Diseases of Poverty最新文献

{"title":"An ensemble machine learning approach for predicting anemia among under-five children in malaria-endemic sub-Saharan African countries.","authors":"Berhan Tekeba, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn, Alexander Takele Mengesha, Melaku Alelign Mengstie","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01461-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01461-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Worldwide, anemia in children under-five is a major public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa also has the highest burden of malaria. This study aimed to develop an ensemble machine learning model to estimate anemia burden and potential predictors in under-five children in malaria-endemic sub-Saharan African countries.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using Demographic and Health Survey data from sub-Saharan African countries. Samples were selected through a two-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Data analysis was performed using Python 3.8, with a total weighted sample of 21,249. The dataset was split into 80% for training and 20% for testing and validation purposes. To address class imbalance, a hybrid data balancing approach combining SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) and Tomek Links was applied. Four machine learning algorithms were developed and evaluated using standard performance metrics. Recursive Feature Elimination with a Random Forest classifier was used to identify potential predictors of anemia among children under five living in malaria-endemic SSA countries.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In this study, XGBoost showed the best performance, achieving an accuracy of 83.69%, a precision of 85.81%, and an F1 score of 83.19%. Additionally, XGBoost attained the highest ROC AUC of 90.1 and Precision Recall AUC of 90.0. According to Recursive Feature Elimination with a Random Forest classifier, region, birth order, child age, wealth index, and number of mosquito nets were identified as the associated factors of anemia among under-five children in malaria-endemic SSA countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To reduce anemia among under-five children in malaria-endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa, interventions should prioritize implementing geographically targeted programs, focus on younger children and those with high birth orders by integrating anemia screening into routine check-ups. In addition, enhancing economic support for low-income families and distributing and educating families on the proper use of mosquito nets are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13360475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rickettsia massiliae and its public health significance across Palearctic and Oriental regions: a scoping review.","authors":"Muhammad Kashif Obaid, Cai Yuchun, Shehla Shehla, Jin Luo, Takele Adugna Kassegn, Anwar Zaib Khan, Muhammad Rashid, Qiaoyun Ren, Guiquan Guan","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01456-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01456-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arthropod including ticks, fleas, and lice have been found to be infected with Rickettsia massiliae, a pathogenic member of spotted fever group, causing rickettsiosis. This comprehensive scoping review summarize the known facts about its transmission, diagnostic-methods, phylogenetic position, human-case-reports, preventive-measures, and distribution in Palearctic and Oriental regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three main steps were followed to compile this study: explanation of objective(s), identification of relevant literature, and retrieval of data determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Various databases, including Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were screened for relevant literature. Our objectives were to collect data regarding transmission method(s) of R. massiliae, identification-assay(s), phylogenetic position, clinical-reports globally, and distribution via possible vectors & host animals surviving in Palearctic and Oriental regions. Descriptive analysis has been conducted to plot the frequency graphs of reported numbers in different countries and hosts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings presented that R. massiliae have been found across Palearctic and Oriental regions in 5 tick genera (Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, Amblyomma, and Dermacentor), 1 of louse (Haematopinus), 1 of sheep ked (Melophagus), and 1 of flea (Archaeopsylla), although their role as a vector(s) is still unknown. Dogs, sheep, cattle, and goats were recorded as epidemiologically important host animals for infected arthropods in 30, 23, 17, and 16 different studies, highlighting their role in its possible transmission. Additionally, Rh. sanguineus sensu lato (s.l) and Rh. turanicus were reported to infest the aforementioned animals, which is also being recognized as potential vector for its transmission. Highest number of R. massiliae reports (10) from different animals and vectors were recorded in China. Italy was recorded with highest (3) clinical cases of humans to-date. Moreover, transmission methods like transovarial via Rh. turanicus and horizontal/artificial-feeding via Rh. sanguineus s.l. and various diagnostic methods for R. massiliae have been documented.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>R. massiliae has been widely documented throughout Palearctic and Oriental regions, with human cases reported in about six countries. Rh. sanguineus and Rh. turanicus stands out the potential vectors, while further investigation into the implications of diverse range of arthropods in epidemiology of this bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13360860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral hepatitis detection through emergency hospital departments in a Spanish region with high immigration: implications for elimination strategies.","authors":"Carme López, Maria Àngels Gispert, Emma Picart, Rosa Durández, Dúnia Pérez Del Campo, Miguel Torralba-Calero, Francesc Xavier Queralt, Robert Carreras-Torres, Javier Pamplona","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major global public health problem, as many infected individuals remain undiagnosed. Emergency departments (ED) represent a strategic setting for opportunistic screening. This study aimed to evaluate implementation strategies of opportunistic screening in ED within the Girona Health Region in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted in the ED of the Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (HUGJT) and the Hospital Santa Caterina (HSC) between October 2023 and January 2024. Adults older than 18 years who required blood testing for clinical reasons were screened. In HUGJT screening was automated within the electronic system (opt-out strategy), while in HSC it was performed following a specific request from the attending physician. Comparisons of screening outcomes between hospitals and patient characteristics were evaluated using non-parametric tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1695 patients from HUGJT (54.3% coverage) and 303 patients from HSC (6.9% coverage) with valid screening results were included. In HUGJT, antibodies to HCV were detected in 37 individuals (2.2%); while active infection was confirmed in 9 patients (0.5%) (50.0% were previously undiagnosed), being more frequent among individuals with a history of heroin (20.0%). Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 11 patients (0.6%) (60.0% had no prior diagnosis), being more common among individuals born outside Spain, particularly those from South-Saharan Africa (7.1%), North Africa (3.2%), and Eastern Europe (2.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Opt-out opportunistic screening in ED is effective for identifying undiagnosed infections and facilitating linkage to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of climate warming on Oncomelania hupensis in China: multi-scale evidence.","authors":"Qin Li, Jin-Xin Zheng, Li-Juan Zhang, Su-Ying Guo, Ying Yang, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Jing Xu, Shi-Zhu Li","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01475-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01475-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Climate warming is increasingly reshaping the population dynamics of Oncomelania hupensis, the sole intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in China. Investigating the response of O. hupensis to climate warming is crucial for guiding targeted and precise interventions against these snails, thereby advancing the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination and sustaining the achievement of elimination in China. This study aims to quantify the multi-scale responses of O. hupensis to climate warming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a 45-day temperature-controlled laboratory experiment with adult O. hupensis from Hubei Gongan County, China, exposing snails to the Low Temp group (5 ˚C), the Control group (25 ˚C), and the High Temp group (30 ˚C) to assess body-size-dependent survival. We then analyzed O. hupensis surveillance data from 1990 to 2022 across 12 provinces in China (34,554 villages), linked to climate data downloaded from ERA5-Land. We developed sliding-window models to examine climate exposure across life stages to assess population-level responses to climate warming, and used general linear mixed-effects models to explore the environmental factors influencing climate responses (geographic variables: latitude, longitude, altitude, land use, historical climate variability). Model performance was evaluated to identify the best predictive models, which were subsequently used to project future O. hupensis density under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. We further sampled 240 wild O. hupensis and measured their body sizes to validate the previous results inversely.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;At the individual level, we observed that larger snails had a higher survival rate at both the Low Temp group (91.6%, 95% CI 85.8-97.7%) and High Temp group (45.7%, 95% CI 31.9-65.6%) compared with the control group (76.5%, 95% CI 58.7-99.5%). At the population level, O. hupensis density closely tracks climate warming, with 92.0% of populations showing positive temperature sensitivity. Exposure during the coldest (January: 2.7 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, 95% CI 3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;-5.1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;; February: 3.3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, 95% CI 1.1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;-5.6 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;) and breeding seasons (April: 2.4 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, 95% CI 6 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;-4.3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;; September-October: 3.5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, 95% CI 2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;-6.8 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;) had a greater influence on O. hupensis density under climate warming. O. hupensis in waterbody-dominated areas showed the largest density growth rates (ß = 1.6 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, 95% CI 1.1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;-2.2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), whereas crop populations were the most sensitive to land cover, a 1% increase in crop cover was associated with a 0.2 increase in population density. At the ecosystem level, only 19.0-24.6% of populations were expected to benefit from climate change by 2100, and these benefiting populations were conce","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV therapy in clinical trials: a systematic review.","authors":"Jinfang Zhao, Hui Wu, Jiayi He, Yinsong Luo, Jiaye Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01471-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01471-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lifelong daily antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication but does not eradicate the virus, underscoring the urgent need for long-acting antivirals and functional cure strategies. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have emerged as a promising approach for achieving durable HIV-1 remission. In this systematic review, we summarize recent advances in the development of bNAbs for HIV-1 treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for clinical trials published up to March 22, 2026. We included data evaluating intravenously administered bNAbs, with or without concomitant conventional ART, and comparing them with placebo, ART or no intervention. These data were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, antiviral efficacy, resistance profiles, immunologic effects, and safety of intravenously administered bNAbs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LS-modified bNAbs extended half-life by 2- to 5-fold relative to their parental counterparts (e.g., VRC01LS: 71 vs 15 days), although viremia reduced half-life by 20-40%. In viremic participants harboring bNAb-sensitive virus, monotherapy achieved viral load (VL) reductions of 0.93-1.8 log₁₀ copies/ml, with rebound occurring within approximately 4-8 weeks, whereas combinations regimens achieved declines of up to 2.04 log₁₀ copies/ml and delayed rebound to 15-33 weeks. No consistent reduction in total reservoir size was observed, although early intervention and baseline viral sensitivity appeared to limit reservoir expansion. Resistance emerged through epitope-proximal mutations, with cross-resistance observed mainly among antibodies targeting shared epitope classes. Overall, bNAbs were well tolerated, with rare discontinuations (0.4%) and low immunogenicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LS-engineered bNAbs exhibit a longer half-life than their parental antibodies. Combination regimens achieve greater VL reductions and a longer delayed rebound compared with monotherapy, indicating that LS-modified multi-epitope bNAb cocktails are promising for long-acting HIV-1 remission. To become clinically competitive, larger resistance-guided trials are needed to extend dosing intervals, improve resistance mitigation, and define optimal integration with other long-acting therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic alterations and potential roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice and rats.","authors":"Yue Hu, Jian-Song Chen, Min-Yu Zhou, Hui Huang, Yun-Fei Zhou, Hai-Yun Zhou, Zhi-Yue Lv","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01436-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01436-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angiostrongyliasis, a food-borne parasitic disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is characterized by eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis, leading to serious central nervous system damage. Current diagnostic methods lack specificity or sensitivity, and the pathogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the dynamic alterations in the gut microbiota and host metabolism in both suitable (rats) and non-suitable (mice) hosts following A. cantonensis infection and to identify potential metabolic biomarkers for early diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female BALB/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10/group) were infected with 30 or 100 third-stage larvae, respectively. Serum, urine, feces, and brain samples were collected longitudinally. Gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics. Host metabolism was profiled using untargeted and targeted metabolomics via ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupoles/time of flight-mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon rank sum test, linear discriminant effect size analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminatory analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infection induced significant, host-specific gut microbiota dysbiosis. In infected hosts, Firmicutes decreased (P < 0.05) while Bacteroidetes increased (P < 0.05). A main difference in gut flora structure between infected hosts was observed in Prevotellaceae, which increased significantly in mice (P < 0.05) but decreased in rats (P < 0.05). Metagenomics revealed enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in gut microbes of infected mice, whereas up-regulated amino acid and vitamin metabolism were also observed in infected rats. Infection caused pronounced disruptions in host lipid and bile acid (BA) metabolism, changes in various BA types were closely related to alterations in specific bacterial genera (P < 0.05). Several metabolites, including phosphatidylcholine (16:0/18:1), 2-phenyl acetic acid, 2-octenoylglycine, lysophosphatidylcholine (18:2), O-glucuronide, and 2-carboxylic acid, were identified as potential early diagnostic biomarkers in the mouse model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A. cantonensis infection causes profound host-specific dysregulation of the gut microbiome and metabolome, with severe disturbances in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, lipid and BA metabolism being central features. These alterations highlight the critical role of the host-gut microbiota-metabolite axis in pathogenesis and offer novel insights for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of anthropophilic and zoophilic dermatophytosis: a 40-year retrospective prevalence study.","authors":"Freddy Villanueva-Cotrina, Vilma Bejar, Víctor Raul Huaman-Cardenas, Katherine Yauri Condor, Jose Guevara","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01469-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01469-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatophytosis is commonly caused by anthropophilic or zoophilic fungi. Although factors related to the disease onset have been identified, it is unclear whether these factors influence disease prevalence differently depending on the fungus's ecological niche. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of dermatophytosis caused by anthropophilic versus zoophilic agents. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study (1976-2015) including confirmed cases of dermatophytosis diagnosed by positive mycological cultures in patients treated at the Institute of Tropical Medicine \"Daniel Alcides Carrion\"-National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Demographic and microbiological data were collected. We used the Chi-square test to evaluate differences in the prevalence of anthropophilic and zoophilic dermatophytosis across the variables of interest. A total of 4961 cases of dermatophytosis were diagnosed. Anthropophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in adults, primarily due to Trichophyton rubrum (92.19%) and T. interdigitale (94.16%) (P < 0.001). In contrast, zoophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in children, primarily due to Microsporum canis (64.24%) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, anthropophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in tinea unguium due to T. rubrum (61.49%) and T. interdigitale (62.12%), as well as in tinea pedis due to T. interdigitale (37.88%) (P < 0.001). Conversely, zoophilic dermatophytosis was most prevalent in tinea capitis due to M. canis (54.88%), as well as in tinea manum and tinea corporis due to T. mentagrophytes (25.71% and 37.71%, respectively) (P < 0.001). According to its ecology, dermatophytosis was related to the age group affected, the clinical form presentation, and a specific etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of scientific outcomes of TDR-supported clinical research and development fellows in low- and middle-income countries: a bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Mahnaz Vahedi, Prabin Dahal, Elham Jaberi, Dawit Getachew Assefa, Wastiq Maula, Nuria Casamitjana, Pascal Launois","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01474-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01474-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), co-sponsored by World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank, launched the Clinical Research and Development Fellowship (CRDF) in 1999 to strengthen clinical research capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite sustained investment, evidence on the longer-term scientific outcomes of such programmes remains limited. This study evaluated the scientific outcomes of the CRDF programme (1999-2021) using bibliometric analysis of fellows' peer-reviewed publications before and after their fellowship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective bibliometric analysis was conducted on peer-reviewed publications authored by CRDF fellows from 1999 through 2021. Publication data were retrieved from Open Researcher and Contributor ID profiles and verified using PubMed, Google search, and Google scholar. A retrospective bibliometric analysis was conducted using descriptive and comparative statistical methods to evaluate publication productivity, authorship position, journal quality metrics, collaboration patterns, disease focus, and research themes before and after fellowship participation. Analyses were conducted using R statistical software. Scientific outcome of the fellowship was judged based on the evolution of collaboration network, journal metrics, and seniority in authorship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 128 fellows, 76 had verifiable publications, contributing a total of 1821 peer-reviewed articles. Publications were predominantly produced after fellowship participation (1309; 71.9%), compared with 512 pre-fellowship publications. Median publications per fellow increased from 5 [interquartile range (IQR): 2-10] before the fellowship to 14 (IQR: 8-28). The proportion of first-author publications declined (30.7-19.2%), while last-author publications increased (8.0-11.0%), suggesting progression toward senior research roles. Journal quality improved, with publications in Q1 journals increasing from 66.6 to 71.3%, and the median impact factor rising from 2.8 (IQR: 1.9-3.9) to 3.4 (IQR: 2.6-4.9). North-South collaborations increased substantially after the fellowship, while South-South collaborations grew modestly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Participation in the CRDF programme was associated with a visible increase in research productivity, publication quality, and international collaboration among fellows. Research output aligned closely with infectious diseases of poverty and evolving global health priorities. While the collaboration network expanded, leadership as gauged by the evolution of authorship position remained constrained, highlighting the need for continued investment in research leadership development. Bibliometric analysis offers a useful approach for examining longer-term scientific outcomes of capacity-strengthening initiative","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal trends in tuberculosis incidence in Thailand, 2012-2023: a nationwide, province-level analysis.","authors":"Kittipong Sornlorm, Roshan Kumar Mahato, Sarayu Muntaphan, Kanit Hnuploy, Rajitra Nawawonganun","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01473-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01473-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in Thailand, a high-burden country undergoing both epidemiological transition and pandemic-related disruption. This study examined temporal and spatial patterns of age-standardized TB incidence from 2012 to 2023 across Thailand's 13 health regions and 77 provinces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide ecological study used annual TB case notifications (2012-2023) for all 77 Thai provinces from Thailand's National Disease Surveillance System (Report 506), Bureau of Epidemiology, with mid-year and age-stratified provincial populations. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated using the WHO World Standard Population (2000-2025). Temporal trends were assessed by Joinpoint regression with Bayesian-Information-Criterion model selection (maximum 2 joinpoints) and validated by generalized additive models. Spatial clustering was evaluated by Global Moran's I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) under queen contiguity, with sensitivity analyses across alternative weights and Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction. Provinces were classified into long-term trend categories combining effect size (AAPC) and significance, and COVID-19 impact was quantified by 2019-2023 ASR percent change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>National TB incidence declined substantially from 2012 to 2023, although marked regional heterogeneity persisted. Five health regions showed the strongest long-term reductions: region 3 [AAPC: - 20.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 33.00 to - 13.77], region 9 (- 19.42, 95% CI: - 28.98 to - 8.57), region 4 (- 17.53, 95% CI: - 23.64 to - 12.89), region 11 (- 11.79, 95% CI: - 22.16 to - 0.04), and region 13 (- 11.19, 95% CI: - 22.44 to - 3.74). Region 6 showed an early decline followed by stabilisation, and region 12 showed a mid-period increase before a post-2019 reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thailand has achieved substantial overall reductions in TB incidence over the past decade, but pronounced regional and provincial disparities persist. Localized hot-spots, biphasic regional trajectories that may reflect surveillance and programmatic transitions, and compound vulnerability during the COVID-19 period underscore the need for geographically targeted monitoring, equitable resource allocation, and pro-poor interventions to sustain progress toward TB elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlighting zoonotic strongyloidiasis: a semi-systematic review of threadworms within baboons highlights opportunities for human infections.","authors":"Ruth Cowlishaw, Alexandra Juhász, Lucas J Cunningham, E James LaCourse, J Russell Stothard","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01459-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01459-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both humans and non-human primates are susceptible to Strongyloides fuelleborni, a grossly underappreciated parasitic zoonotic threadworm across the world, in addition to the more widely reported Strongyloides stercoralis. This semi-systematic review sought to assess the global evidence on zoonotic strongyloidiasis in baboons, Africa's most prolific non-human primate, to better understand the zoonotic threat these animals may pose to control strategies and public health goals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using appropriate keyword terminology, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles, up to December 2025. Articles were then screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting relevant information for: infection prevalence, baboon species, threadworm species, infection setting and diagnostic methods. Publication content was summarised using Microsoft Excel with statistical analysis on R Studio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1588 articles [PubMed (n = 307), Scopus (n = 678) and Web of Science (n = 603)], a total of 44 were summarised. Across the six species of baboons currently recognised, infection prevalence differed significantly (P = 0.02), Papio cynocephalus with highest prevalence [68.9% (IQR 38.8-82.8)] and Papio papio with lowest [6.5% (IQR 2.5-21.8)], noting a total absence of information for Papio kindae. However, over two thirds of articles did not identify threadworm infections to species level. Although not statistically significant, infection prevalence by infection setting followed an ascending order of, research organisations [13.7% (IQR 8.0-37.3)], wild populations [26.0% (IQR 15.9-37.3)] and then zoological organisations [50.0% (IQR 31.8-75.0)]. Infection dynamics (e.g. baboon sex, age) were inadequately reported, moreover detection methods infrequently used molecular methods which hampered any precise incrimination of zoonotic transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our semi-systematic review has revealed several gaps in the global epidemiology of zoonotic strongyloidiasis which may incur real consequences for its future elimination as a public health problem. Above all, we recommend improved threadworm species identification, particularly in population-level discrimination, to better identify transmission risks into humans. Narrowing these knowledge gaps should lead to improved future control strategies for strongyloidiasis globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}