Infectious Diseases of Poverty最新文献

{"title":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nepal: the sixth national prevalence drug-resistant survey, 2024.","authors":"Naveen Prakash Shah, Bhuwan Poudel, Prajowl Shrestha, Prasant Vikram Shahi, Lok Raj Joshi, Padmanav Ghimire, Ratna Bahadur Bhattarai, Meera Hada, Thuma Pun, Rajesh Man Rajbhandari, Shraddha Acharya, Bhagwan Maharjan, Rabin Gautam, Barsha Thapa, Kenza Bennani, Bir Bahadur Rawal","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01503-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-026-01503-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in Nepal, characterized by increasing drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) and constrained surveillance capacity. The sixth national DR-TB prevalence survey was therefore implemented to address this gap. This study aimed to estimate the national prevalence of DR-TB and identify risk factors among new and previously treated pulmonary TB patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A national cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2022 to January 2024, enrolling bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients using stratified cluster sampling at 49 diagnostic centers. Phenotypic and genotypic drug sensitivity testing was performed on 1768 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-confirmed samples. Logistic regression analysis estimated DR-TB prevalence and its associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rifampicin resistance was identified in 2.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-3.6] of new TB patients and 10.1% (95% CI 5.1-19) of previously treated patients. In total, 9.4% exhibited resistance to at least one first-line drug, with isoniazid exhibiting the highest resistance rate. Within the rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) group, resistance to moxifloxacin was more prevalent among newly diagnosed patients than previously treated patients at both critical concentrations (55.3% vs. 33.3% at 0.25 µg/ml; 34.2% vs. 11.1% at 1 µg/ml). Previous TB treatment emerged as the strongest predictor of rifampicin resistance [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.1, 95% CI 2.6-6.4].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of RR/multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB in Nepal remains stable compared with previous surveys. However, a high rate of fluoroquinolone resistance among new patients underscores the urgent need for improved antibiotic stewardship and expanded drug-susceptibility testing services. These findings provide essential evidence to guide national TB control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pragmatic weight estimation for dosing of a new paediatric treatment for schistosomiasis prevention and control in preschool-aged children: a feasibility study in Uganda and Côte d'Ivoire.","authors":"Nora Monnier, Prudence Beinamaryo, Mike Wells, Agathe Akoa, Moses Aritnaitwe, Tanja Barth-Jaeggi, Fidèle K Bassa, Jenny Burrill, Gaoussou Coulibaly, Nana R Diakité, Norbert N Dje, Alexise D Gnahore, Jan Hattendorf, Eveline Hürlimann, René O Kouamé, Alain C Kouamin, Hilda Kyarisiima, Isabelle L Lange, Suzanne Lobohon Lavry, Betty Nabatte, Stella Neema, Eliézer K N'Goran, Hahyat R N'Goran, Ulrich Ohouo, Ashley Preston, Laura F Roth, Tra J Sehi Bi, Dianne Verhoeven, Andrea S Winkler, Alain Toh, Peter Steinmann, Mamadou Ouattara","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01507-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01507-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in endemic settings. The Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium has developed a new paediatric treatment, arpraziquantel, for preschool-aged children. Because the treatment is dosed according to body weight, dose determination by scales poses operational challenges in community-based mass treatment campaigns. This study assessed the performance of the Pediatric Advanced Weight Prediction in the Emergency Room Extra-Long Mid-Arm Circumference (PAWPER XL-MAC) tape for weight estimation during mass drug administration in Uganda and Côte d'Ivoire.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods study evaluated feasibility in terms of accuracy, reliability and acceptability of the PAWPER XL-MAC tape across delivery platforms and users between March 2025 and March 2026. Accuracy metrics comprised (1) the mean relative difference and mean absolute relative difference between predicted (tape) and observed (scale) weight and (2) the proportion of estimates within 10% (PW10) and 20% (PW20) of observed weight. Reliability was evaluated by calculating the intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC). User experiences were collected through observations, questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Uganda (n = 3369), mean absolute differences were 11.0-11.1%; PW10 60.2-61.0%. In Côte d'Ivoire (n = 1249), accuracy was higher (6.8-7.7%; PW10 72.4-78.2%). Reliability was high between users and countries (ICCs ≥ 0.84). Sufficient time for practical training was essential to achieve solid performance. With continued use, an increase in confidence, efficiency, and accuracy was observed. Qualitative results indicated strong acceptability and practical advantages amongst users.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to demonstrate that the PAWPER XL-MAC tape offers reliable, accurate, and acceptable weight estimation for community-based interventions, supporting its use in routine child healthcare and public health programmes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT06698510, date of registration: 21.11.2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over-dispersion in malaria-schistosoma co-infection: insights from a meta-analytical approach and systematic review.","authors":"Célia Koellsch-Amet, Jérôme Boissier, Ronaldo Augusto","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01490-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01490-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria and schistosomiasis are two major parasitic diseases that are co-endemic in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Despite their frequent geographical overlap, the potential epidemiological patterns and potential interactions associated with Plasmodium--Schistosoma co-infection remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to systematically assess the epidemiology of malaria-schistosomiasis co-infection and to quantify whether co-infections occur more frequently than expected under an assumption of independence between the two infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 192 studies published between 1996 and 2023 were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 59 studies involving 73,383 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) were estimated to compare observed and expected co-infection prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled analysis showed that Plasmodium-Schistosoma co-infection occurs more frequently than expected by chance (overall OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.40), despite substantial heterogeneity across studies (I² = 89%). Reported co-infection prevalence ranged from 1.1% in Benin to 36.6% in Mali. School-age children and pregnant women were disproportionately affected. Subgroup analyses revealed no consistent differences according to sex or parasite species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate a non-random distribution of malaria-schistosomiasis co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa, consistent with epidemiological over-dispersion. Although the underlying biological and immunological mechanisms remain uncertain, the widespread co-occurrence of these parasites highlights the importance of integrated surveillance and control strategies that account for polyparasitism in endemic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A community-based participatory research and community health workers-led health education strategy for schistosomiasis control among schoolchildren in Pemba Island, Zanzibar: a cluster-randomized trial.","authors":"Xiaojing Li, Yi Wang, Mingzhen He, Saleh Juma Mohammed, Khamis Seif Khamis, Xinyao Wang, Xiangyu Zhou, Zhangyi Xu, Liang Shi, Mchanga Mohd Suleiman, Mgeni Abdalla Khamis, Yang Dai, Jie Sun, Kun Yang, You Li, Yuzheng Huang","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01504-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-026-01504-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Schistosomiasis remains an intractable public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. While mass drug administration (MDA) has been the cornerstone of control, its limited impact on sustained behavioral change and persistent transmission in high-intensity transmission areas underscores the urgent need for complementary strategies. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach led by community health workers (CHWs), compared to conventional health education, in achieving sustainable schistosomiasis control among schoolchildren in Pemba, Zanzibar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A pilot, cluster-randomized controlled trial (cRCT) was conducted from February 2024 to February 2025. Since the screening revealed that the infection rates in all six local schools exceeded 3%, we randomly selected two of them and randomized them 1:1 to receive either a CBPR-CHW health education (1 intervention school) or conventional health education (1 control school). A total of 650 eligible school children aged 11-13 years were initially enrolled. After screening, 602 children completed the baseline survey and were assigned to either the CBPR-CHW intervention group (n = 278) or the control group (n = 324). After accounting for attrition, the final analytical sample at the 12-month follow-up (T3) consisted of 540 participants. The CBPR intervention was developed through a structured process of community needs assessment and co-design culminating in six culturally adapted educational modules delivered by trained CHWs. Primary outcomes were Schistosoma haematobium infection prevalence (urine egg positivity) and comprehensive knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) scores, assessed at baseline (T1), 6 months (T2), and 12 months long-term follow-up (T3). Analyses utilized two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for KAP score comparisons, supplemented by Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normal data. Missing values (&lt; 5%) were addressed via multiple imputation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Loss to follow-up was low across all time points, ranging from 8.5 to 11.9%. At the 12-month follow-up (T3), the CBPR-CHW group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in infection prevalence (from 19.18 to 0.82%) (P &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group (from 11.86 to 1.02%). The CBPR-CHW group also showed sustained, significant improvements in KAP scores, significantly outperforming the control group at T3 (e.g., knowledge scores: 7.11 ± 1.35 vs. 6.56 ± 1.70; P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the control group showed transient or non-significant improvements. High student satisfaction was reported (total score: 5.28 ± 1.28/6), and household latrine usage increased by 56.3%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The CBPR-CHWs-led strategy was significantly more effective than conventional education in achieving sustainable reductions in schistosomiasis infection and improvements in KAP outc","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive metabolomic profiling of Angiostrongylus cantonensis across its life cycle reveals developmental and host-associated metabolic signatures.","authors":"Yue Hu, Bingcheng Yu, Rongjian Zhan, Tao Zhang, Yiyang Zhang, Yunfei Zhou, Hang Wei, Zhiyue Lv","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01509-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-026-01509-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic nematode that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Although its life cycle encompasses multiple developmental stages and hosts, the metabolic changes underlying its development and host interactions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the dynamic metabolomic profiles of A. cantonensis across its entire life cycle and to identify metabolic signatures associated with development and different host environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on five key life cycle stages of A. cantonensis: first-stage larvae, third-stage larvae (L3), mouse-derived and rat-derived fourth-stage larvae (L4), fifth-stage larvae, and female and male adults. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminatory analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminatory analysis, were employed alongside univariate tests, random forest (RF) modeling, and pathway enrichment analysis to detect differential metabolites and key pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4517 and 2613 ion features were detected in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes, respectively. Metabolic profiles shifted markedly, especially during the L3-to-L4 transition, with over 2000 differentially regulated features (P < 0.05). A total of 127 unique putatively annotated compounds were identified, including fatty acyls, purine nucleosides, and steroids, among others. Putative metabolites such as hypoxanthine, inosine, and prostaglandins were upregulated at the fourth larval stage, whereas xanthosine peaked in female adults (P < 0.05). RF models identified daidzin and docosapentaenoic acid as key discriminators between L3 and L4, and 4-phenylbutyric acid as a discriminator between rat-derived and mouse-derived L4. Pathway analysis revealed that vitamin B6 metabolism, thiamine metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were significantly altered during L3-to-L4 transition and were also host-associated (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive metabolomic analysis of A. cantonensis provides a detailed map of its metabolic landscape across the life cycle. The findings reveal profound metabolic reprogramming during parasite establishment in the definitive host and identify host-associated metabolic signatures. The key putatively annotated compounds and pathways offer new insights into parasite biology, host-parasite interactions, and potential targets for diagnostics and therapeutics against angiostrongyliasis. Importantly, the functional interpretations presented herein are hypothesis-generating and require experimental validation through targeted functional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territorial inequities in access to essential medicines for neglected tropical diseases in a decentralised European health system: a nationwide assessment in Spain.","authors":"Moncef Belhassen-García, Fernando de la Calle-Prieto, José Manuel Del Moral Sánchez, Montserrat Alonso-Sardón, Blanca Ayuso-Garcia, Jose-Ramon Blanco, Cristina Bustos Morell, David Campany-Herrero, Cristina Carranza, Miren Ercilla Liceaga, Milagros Garcia López-Hortelano, Elisa García-Vázquez, Beatriz Garrido, Michele Hernandez Cabrera, Carlos Ibero, Aitziber Illaro Uranga, Cristina Jimenez Núñez, Xabier Kortajarena Urkola, Julia Lapeña, Jara Llenas-García, Ana López-Vizcaíno, Irene Losada-Galvan, Paloma Merino, Álvaro Moreno, Ana María Mulet, Miriam Navarro, Javier Pardo Lledías, Jose A Perez-Molina, Leonor Periañez Parraga, Gracia Picazo Sanchís, Laura Pozo Rosado, Julia Praena-Segovia, Joaquín Salas-Coronas, Fernando Salvador, Joaquín Urda-Romacho, María Romay-Barja","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01489-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01489-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent an increasing but often overlooked challenge for European health systems owing to international mobility, migration, travel, and climate-related changes in disease ecology. Although effective treatments exist for most NTDs and many are included in the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines, their availability in decentralised high-income health systems remains poorly characterised. This study assessed the availability, accessibility, and territorial variability of essential medicines for NTDs across the autonomous communities of Spain and identified the main barriers to equitable access.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted across the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. Data were collected between January and December 2025 through a structured survey of Hospital Pharmacy Services in centres with expertise in tropical medicine and infectious diseases and were complemented by expert clinical validation. Medicines were classified according to commercial status, access pathways, dispensing circuits, and regional availability. Descriptive analyses summarised inter-regional variability from a health systems and policy perspective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were obtained for 63 medicines and vaccines, generating 1134 records from all 17 autonomous communities. Twenty-two medicines were commercially available in Spain, whereas 39 required exceptional access mechanisms. Routine stock availability across all centres was reported in only 31.1% of valid records, while 52.8% reported no routine stock and 16.1% restricted availability to reference centres. Joint management by prescribing physicians and hospital pharmacy services was required in 72.1% of access procedures. Marked territorial variability was also observed in dispensing circuits and financing mechanisms, with 47.9% of valid records requiring full out-of-pocket payment and 47.1% involving co-payment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Access to essential medicines for NTDs in Spain remains structurally fragmented and territorially unequal. Strengthening coordinated national pharmaceutical policies is necessary to reduce reliance on exceptional access mechanisms and ensure equitable, timely, and sustainable access to essential medicines in Spain and other decentralised European health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of mass distribution on insecticide-treated net coverage and usage in three high burden malaria provinces of Papua New Guinea.","authors":"John B Keven, Melanie Koinari, Christine Pombreaw, Micah Muri, Celine Figa, Clara Are, Solomon Lagur, John Cowan, Beatrice R Egid, Jacob Kisomb, Petrina Johnson, Maria Ome-Kaius, Lincoln Timinao, Leanne J Robinson, Moses Laman, Stephan Karl","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01494-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01494-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Papua New Guinea (PNG) completed five nation-wide mass distributions of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in the last 15 years. Despite this considerable achievement, malaria cases in PNG are rising. Recent national-level surveys indicate unusually low ITN coverage and usage indicators, raising concerns about the continued effectiveness of this core intervention. Significant knowledge gaps remain around factors impacting ITN effectiveness in PNG, limiting interpretation of the role of ITNs in the context of rising malaria cases. This study assessed how ITN ownership and usage indicators in three of the highest burden provinces changed after the most recent mass distribution in 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional surveys involving a target of 60 randomly selected households per village were conducted in 12 villages in East Sepik, West Sepik and Madang province and collected data on 5671 individuals belonging to 815 households. The surveys were conducted within 1-4 months before (September-December 2023), and 5-7 months after (May-October 2024) programmatic ITN mass distribution. Data were collected through household questionnaires, visual inspection of all ITNs present in households, and matching of ITNs to individual users. Household-level and person-level indicators of ITN ownership and use were evaluated using generalised linear mixed effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distribution targets were achieved in two provinces but were missed by 38-42% in the third province. Overall, 94.8% of houses owned at least one ITN, before, and 99.4% after distribution (P < 0.001). The mean number of ITNs per person rose from 0.55 to 0.64 (P < 0.001), and universal coverage increased from 60.0% before to 69.9% after distribution (P = 0.002). ITN distribution resulted in 61.1% of new ITNs in use and 55.5% of old ITNs lost to follow-up at the post distribution survey. Distribution increased ITN usage evenly across genders and ages and did not change existing overall age- or gender-related usage and sharing patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ITN ownership and use are high and sustained by 3-yearly distributions in the three provinces. ITN use was primarily driven by availability, with no further increases observed beyond universal coverage. Results also highlight the importance of post-distribution surveillance to confirm that programme targets are achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeographic epidemiology of Dabie bandavirus in East Asia: divergent transmission networks and genotype‑linked clinical severity.","authors":"Letian Fang, Jiluo Liu, Jimin Sun, Ping Li, Zhongfa Wang, Hongxia Ni, Ling Ye, Yiwei Shi, Xin Yang, Hanzheng Mu, Peng Li, Yibo Ding, Xiaojie Tan, Jianhua Yin, Wei Liu, Guangwen Cao","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01500-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01500-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV), exhibits geographically decoupled incidence and fatality patterns across East Asia. We aimed to elucidate the distinct ecological drivers and phylogeographic dynamics underlying this inland-coastal epidemiological divergence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Integrating 1820 high-quality global genomes of SFTSV with well-characterized clinical cohorts (936 patients) and nationwide surveillance data (27,457 cases) from China, we constructed a comprehensive analytical framework. Ecological modeling, Bayesian phylogeography, and genotype-phenotype association analyses were employed to trace the evolutionary trajectories and clinical implications of the virus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A pronounced \"inland-high-incidence vs. coastal-high-fatality\" pattern of SFTS was identified. The incidence of SFTS exhibited divergent sensitivities to meteorological factors; inland transmission was sensitive to thermal fluctuations, whereas coastal dynamics were constrained by a sunshine threshold (> 200 h/month). In contrast, spatial divergence in clinical severity correlated with the distribution of regional viral genetic structures. Inland regions mainly co-circulated genotypes A, C, and D, while coastal regions were dominated by genotype B. Zhejiang province was identified as a genetic hub with significantly higher recombination frequencies than inland regions (11.0% vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001). Bayesian phylogeographic inference indicated frequent lineage exchange of Zhejiang province in China with the Republic of Korea and Japan. Clinically, genotypes B and D were associated with elevated mortality in coastal and inland regions, respectively, suggesting that the severe coastal phenotype is shaped by its genotype B-dominated structure. Additionally, the RdRp-N828S mutation emerged as a robust molecular correlate of fatal outcomes, warranting further functional validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Divergent meteorological factors and plausible maritime transmission networks may underlie the geographically decoupled epidemiology of SFTS. These findings highlight that risk assessment must extend beyond incidence alone and provide a phylogeographically informed framework for targeted surveillance and genotype-specific interventions in high-risk hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-limited deferral scenarios and blood donation intentions among men who have sex with men in China: a nationwide mixed-methods study.","authors":"Guozhen Wu, Xinsheng Wu, Thomas S Fitzpatrick, Lin He, Yong Lu, Yuecheng Yang, Chengliang Chai, Lin Ouyang, Lijuan Wang, Haibo Jiang, Hui Wang, Lijing Wang, Ping Ma, Xiao Qi, Xiaojun Meng, Song Fan, Yingjie Liu, Huachun Zou","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01496-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01496-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approaches to managing blood donation eligibility for men who have sex with men (MSM) vary across countries, and time-limited deferral policies have been adopted in an increasing number of jurisdictions. Our study aimed to evaluate attitudes towards and acceptance of time-limited blood donation deferral periods among MSM in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, consisting of a nationwide cross-sectional survey of MSM in China from April to July 2024, followed by qualitative interviews. The survey collected sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, blood donation history, and attitudes towards four hypothetical deferral scenarios (12-, 6-, 3-, and 1-month deferral after most recent same-sex sexual behavior). We assessed willingness to donate under each scenario and estimated scenario-specific behavioral eligibility based on self-reported anal sex with another man during the corresponding lookback period. Multivariable modified Poisson regression, adjusted for age, education, and income, was used to identify factors associated with support for hypothetical time-limited deferral policies. Semi-structured interviews explored perceptions of the current prohibition and hypothetical deferral approaches and were used to explain and contextualize the survey findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2725 MSM participated. Overall, 48% were neutral and 32% were supportive of hypothetical time-limited deferral approaches. As the hypothetical deferral period shortened from 12 months to 1 month, willingness to donate increased among both previous donors (44%, 50%, 61%, 74%; P for trend < 0.001) and non-donors (26%, 27%, 33%, 45%; P for trend < 0.001). Among MSM willing to donate under each scenario, the proportions reporting no anal sex with another man during the corresponding periods were 37%, 42%, 45%, and 53%, respectively. In qualitative interviews (n = 16), most participants (12/16) viewed hypothetical deferral approaches as more acceptable than the current lifelong prohibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many MSM in China expressed willingness to donate blood under hypothetical time-limited deferral scenarios, with higher acceptance under shorter deferral periods. These findings provide empirical evidence for future evaluation of whether shorter time-limited deferral approaches could improve acceptability and intended compliance while maintaining blood safety within China's existing donor screening and surveillance system.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An updated estimate of the proportion of neurocysticercosis among people with epileptic seizures: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Shah Jalal, Orane Figuet, Katrina Di Bacco, Marine Hubert, Sophie Adame, Dominik Stelzle, Andrea S Winkler, Christine M Budke, Hélène Carabin","doi":"10.1186/s40249-026-01501-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-026-01501-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. This systematic review (PROSPERO identifier: CRD42021266596) aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of NCC among people with epileptic seizures (PWES) between 1990 and 2023, and to assess whether this proportion changed between January 1990 to May 2008 and June 2008 to May 2023 across endemic regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty electronic databases were searched in May 2023 for records on NCC published between January 1, 1990, and May 9, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened all records. Original studies that reported NCC frequency among PWES, used neuroimaging, biopsy, or autopsy to diagnose NCC, and were not prone to high level of selection bias were included. Reviews, book-chapters and case series with fewer than 20 participants were excluded. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies. Bayesian models were used to estimate pooled NCC proportions and assess their changes by study periods and regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 16,202 screened records, 77 studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-five studies included PWES from both sexes, all age groups (children and adults), and used clear case definitions. The pooled proportion of NCC among PWES in these studies was 25.2% [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 19.5%-32.2%], with fairly-high between-study heterogeneity (τ = 1.0; 95% BCI: 0.8-1.3). Studies without clear definitions for NCC or epileptic seizures reported considerably lower proportions, suggesting misclassification error. NCC proportion did not vary by sex or age. NCC proportion declined between June 2008 and May 2023, across Africa, the Americas and Southeast Asia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides an updated estimate of NCC proportion among PWES between 1990 and 2023, with implications for burden estimation, and highlights its decline in endemic regions. However, substantial between-study heterogeneity indicates context-specific differences; therefore, the pooled estimates should be interpreted cautiously and not as universally generalizable. Further research should determine whether the observed decline in NCC proportion is real or reflects an apparent reduction resulting from changes in case definitions, study populations, neuroimaging technologies, or underlying causes of epileptic seizures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}