Infectious Diseases of Poverty最新文献

{"title":"Biological characteristics and epidemiological insights into the zoonotic potential of Colpodella spp.: a scoping review.","authors":"Yilin Zhao, Zhanxin Cao, Shizhu Li, Chunhong Du, Jiafu Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01361-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01361-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colpodella species are classified within the domain Eukaryota, specifically under the order Colpodellida, family Colpodellaceae, and genus Colpodella, which are close relative of the phylum Apicomplexa. These organisms are unicellular, predatory flagellates. In recent years, their frequent detection in animal tissues, vector insect samples, and particularly in human has garnered significant attention as an emerging zoonotic threat. This review is to scope the biological characteristics and epidemiological features of Colpodella species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched to identify studies in English or Chinese published before 4 February 2025. We searched for Colpodella-related nucleotide sequences released in the GenBank before 31 December, 2024. The literature and sequences were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. We extracted the characteristics of Colpodella spp. from included articles and performed a phylogenetic analysis based on the included sequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven records and 83 sequences were included in the study, respectively. Colpodella spp. currently comprise only two formally named species, alongside at least 11 species uncultured or unnamed in GenBank. Their life cycle includes trophozoite and cyst stages, with nutrient acquisition mediated by myzocytosis. These organisms display structural and protein similarities in their apical complexes to apicomplexan protozoa, yet with distinct differences. They are currently found in a wide range of hosts, including humans, livestock, pets, wildlife and vectors, across multiple continents, including Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that Colpodella spp. exhibit significant genetic diversity and can be divided into seven clades, each characterized by distinct host ranges and regional distributions, and three clades posed pathogenic potential and significant risk of human infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study systematically elucidates the broad host/vector range, genetic diversity and public health implications of Colpodella species based on comprehensive integrated genomic and epidemiological analyses. We recommend establishing active surveillance networks using clade-specific molecular markers for hosts and vectors in high-risk regions, incorporating Colpodella screening into routine diagnostics for fever cases of unknown origin with anaemia, prioritizing studies on isolation and cultivation, biological characteristics, and clade-specific in vitro invasion assays to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theodor Bilharz' 200th birthday.","authors":"Joachim Richter","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01359-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01359-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of the sterile insect technique in controlling Aedes albopictus as part of an integrated control measure: evidence from a first small-scale field trial in Switzerland.","authors":"Diego Parrondo Monton, Damiana Ravasi, Valentina Campana, Francesco Pace, Arianna Puggioli, Matteo Tanadini, Eleonora Flacio","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01360-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01360-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The invasive Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) poses growing health risks across Europe. In Switzerland, a preliminary field trial was conducted to assess the feasibility of integrating the sterile insect technique (SIT) into existing integrated vector management (IVM), which includes breeding site removal and application of biological larvicides. SIT involves repeated releases of irradiated sterile males, which mate with wild females, producing non-viable eggs and leading to population decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a preliminary release test in 2022, a small-scale SIT trial took place in 2023 in Morcote, Switzerland. Approximately 150,000 sterile males were released weekly over a 45-hectare area throughout the entire mosquito activity season, from May to September. This SIT area also received routine IVM. Population dynamics were compared with a control area where only IVM was applied. Monitoring included egg counts, hatch rates, and adult female densities. Generalized additive mixed-effects models (GAMM) and generalized additive models (GAM) accounted for spatial, temporal, and random effects. Model selection used AIC, BIC, and Chi-square tests (significance at 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SIT-treated area showed a significant mosquito population reduction. Egg counts dropped by 57% (GAMM regression coefficient: - 0.8513, P < 0.001), with temporal patterns differing between SIT-treated and control areas (P < 0.001). Egg hatch rates were also lower in the SIT area, with odds of hatching reduced by 1.24 log-odds units (P < 0.001). Adult female densities declined by 66% (regression coefficient: - 1.0818, P < 0.001). Spatial GAMs revealed heterogeneous effects: up to 90% egg reduction in the western release area, while the eastern edge, bordering untreated zones, showed up to 300% higher egg counts. Similar spatial trends were observed for hatch rates and adult females (P < 0.01). These findings highlight both the overall effectiveness of SIT and the influence of mosquito immigration on spatial patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This trial demonstrated the potential of SIT as a complementary tool in Swiss vector control. Public interest and acceptance were high. To improve cost-effectiveness, further optimization of male production, sterilization, transport, and release processes is needed. Continued implementation over multiple seasons is recommended to enhance long-term effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic kidney disease related to Loa loa microfilaremia in a rural area of the Republic of Congo: a population-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Charlotte Boullé, Jérémy T Campillo, Marlhand C Hemilembolo, Elodie Lebredonchel, Valentin Dupasquier, Jean Claude Djontu, Sébastien D S Pion, Laurène Tardieu, Ludovic Rancé, François Missamou, Francine Ntoumi, Michel Boussinesq, Cédric B Chesnais","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01356-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01356-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loiasis affects millions in Central Africa and, though historically considered benign, emerging data suggest possible renal involvement. This study investigated the association between Loa microfilaremia and renal function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Republic of Congo in May-June 2022. Renal function was assessed via estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equations, and proteinuria and/or haematuria (renal abnormalities, RAb). Multinomial logistic regression assessed associations between microfilarial density (MFD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), using EKFC with Dubois correction. Population attributable fractions were estimated from a logistic model including Loa microfilaremia as a binary variable (present versus absent).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 986 participants, CKD prevalence ranged from 13.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.4-15.7%, CKD-EPI] to 17.6% (95% CI 15.3-20.1%, EKFC) for KDIGO stages 1-5, and from 3.0% (95% CI 2.1-4.3%, CKD-EPI) to 7.6% (95% CI 6.1-9.4%, EKFC) for stages 3-5. Loa MFD was associated with higher odds of CKD, particularly in individuals with RAb. Compared to amicrofilaremic participants, those with Loa MFD ≥ 20 000 mf/ml had significantly increased risk: adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) for CKD severity categories (≤ 2nd, 2nd-10th, 10th-50th, > 50th eGFR percentile) with RAb were 8.67 (95% CI 2.62-28.64, P = 0.021), 14.26 (95% CI 3.41-59.68, P < 0.001), 5.50 (95% CI 0.55-61.78, P = 0.145), and 26.21 (95% CI 1.64-417.84, P = 0.021). Population attributable fractions of CKD stages 1-5 to Loa microfilaremia was 14.7% (95% CI 4.3-24.0) and 30.1% (95% CI 16.2-42.8) for CKD stages 1-5 with RAb.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first epidemiological evidence linking loiasis to renal impairment, likely via glomerular damage. Given loiasis high endemicity in Central Africa, it may contribute to the burden of unexplained nephropathies. Longitudinal studies and renal biopsies are warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-lineage 5-methylcytosine methylome profiling reveals methylated divergence among Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites of the three major clonal lineages.","authors":"Xiao-Nan Zheng, Hong-Yu Song, Hany M Elsheikha, Chen-Ran Tian, Xing Tian, Qing Liu, Wen-Bin Zheng, Xing-Quan Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01358-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01358-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxoplasma gondii is a globally widespread zoonotic parasite, infecting nearly one-third of the human population, often leading to chronic, latent infections. Among the emerging layers of gene regulation, 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C) has emerged as a pivotal post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes. Despite its growing recognition in various species, the epitranscriptomic landscape of m⁵C in the tachyzoite stage of T. gondii remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we performed the first comprehensive m⁵C methylation profiling across three major T. gondii genotypes-RH (type I), ME49 (type II), and VEG (type III).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The comparative m⁵C methylation analysis was carried out using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Differentially m⁵C-methylated genes (DMMGs) were functionally annotated via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. By combining methylation and transcriptomic data, we uncovered strain-specific correlations between m⁵C modifications and gene expression. Additionally, expression and methylation patterns of potential regulators identified via BLASTP searches were examined. Statistical analyses were determined by one-way ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed a total of 5129, 4968, and 4577 m⁵C-methylated genes in RH, ME49, and VEG tachyzoites, respectively, with methylation predominantly enriched in the coding sequences. Comparative analysis across different strains uncovered 1710, 1131, and 784 DMMGs in RH versus ME49, RH versus VEG, and ME49 versus VEG, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted key biological processes, including catalytic activity, transport, phospholipid metabolism and transcription regulation. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis identified critical m⁵C-regulated processes such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, DNA replication, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. Virulence-associated secretory effectors exhibited hypermethylation in more virulent strains, such as GRA39 and ROP35. Additionally, several putative m⁵C regulators displayed genotype-specific or conserved expression and methylation patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents the first m⁵C epitranscriptomic atlas of T. gondii tachyzoites, revealing both conserved and genotype-specific mRNA modification networks. These insights significantly increased the understanding of the regulatory role of m⁵C in T. gondii pathogenesis and open promising avenues for the development of vaccines and therapeutics aimed at combating zoonotic toxoplasmosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria-anemia comorbidity and its determinants among pregnant women in high- and moderate-malaria-risk countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Alebachew Ferede Zegeye, Mulugeta Wassie, Tadesse Tarik Tamir, Berhan Tekeba, Enyew Getaneh Mekonen, Gebreeyesus Abera Zeleke, Deresse Abebe Gebrehana","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01357-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01357-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria and anemia remain a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa, with pregnant women being particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects. Despite significant efforts to control malaria and anemia, the burden and adverse effects persist, especially in developing countries among pregnant women. Existing studies investigated malaria and anemia separately and identified individual-level factors as contributors to malaria or anemia, yet the influence of community-level factors remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the malaria-anemia comorbidity and its determinants among pregnant women in high- and moderate-malaria-risk countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) conducted between 2016 and 2022 across 17 Sub-Saharan African countries were used for analysis. The study included a total of 50,545 weighted samples. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess individual and community-level factors associated with malaria-anemia comorbidity. Factors associated with malaria-anemia comorbidity were considered significant at P-values < 0.05. A model with the lowest deviance and highest log-likelihood ratio was selected as the best-fit model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of malaria-anemia comorbidity among pregnant women was 39.00% (95% CI 29.00-49.00). No formal education (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.34-1.54), using untreated bed nets (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.16-1.30), poor wealth index (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 2.18-2.57), not using indoor residual spraying (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.87-2.48), households without a television (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.23-1.44), rural residence (OR = 2.73, 95% CI 2.54-2.93), and residing in West Sub-Saharan Africa (OR = 8.00, 95% CI 7.47-8.57), Central Sub-Saharan Africa (OR = 6.76, 95% CI 76.03-7.57), and South Sub-Saharan Africa (OR = 18.76, 95% CI 17.3-20.4) were determinants of malaria-anemia comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed high malaria-anemia comorbidity among pregnant women in high- and moderate-malaria-risk countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with both individual- and community-level factors as significant determinants. Health policies should prioritize targeted interventions for pregnant women, especially in rural areas, with an emphasis on increasing untreated bed net use, and region-specific strategies, particularly in West, Central, and South Sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria-anemia comorbidity burden is notably high.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burdens of pertussis among adults: a systematic analysis of age-specific trends using Global Burden of Diseases 2021 data.","authors":"Kangguo Li, Jiadong Wu, Ruixin Zhang, Yulun Xie, Zecheng Zhou, Qi Yin, Qi Chen, Jia Rui, Xuhua Guan, Zeyu Zhao, Tianmu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01355-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01355-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the high coverage of childhood vaccination, pertussis remains a significant global health challenge, with increasing adult cases attributed to waning immunity and enhanced diagnostic capability. This study quantified the global burden of pertussis in adults from 1990 to 2021 and evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disease trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we assessed pertussis incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in adults, stratified by age, sex, sociodemographic factors, and geographic regions. Temporal trends were analysed using joinpoint regression to detect significant changes and calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). An exponential smoothing state-space model with hierarchical forecast reconciliation was used to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pertussis burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, the incidence rate of adult pertussis declined from 17.44 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 9.00 per 100,000 in 2019, and fell sharply to 2.70 per 100,000 by 2021. DALYs rates followed a similar trend. The burden was consistently highest in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries, where the 2019 incidence rate was over four times that of high SDI countries (18.59 vs. 3.96 per 100,000). Between 1990 and 2019, incidence numbers increased in low SDI countries [AAPC: 0.63%; 95% confidence interval: 0.36%, 0.91%] and in older adults (AAPC > 0), despite falling incidence rates. From 2009 to 2019, incidence rates increased in 84 countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, estimates based on the model indicated a 58.41% reduction in incidence and a 50.34% decrease in DALYs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the global incidence of adult pertussis has declined over the past three decades, a resurgence from 2009 to 2019, particularly in low-income regions and specific age groups, underscores the persistent challenges. The sharp decline during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of public health and social measures. These findings emphasise the need for targeted vaccination strategies and sustained surveillance to address regional disparities and prevent the resurgence of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on the sex determination, vector capacity and ecological biology from a chromosomal level genome of vector mosquito, Armigeres subulbatus.","authors":"Peiwen Liu, Feng Liu, Hao-Ran Lu, Jinbao Gu, Xiaohong Zhou, Yang Wu, Zhen Zou, Xiang Guo, Wenqiang Yang, Shan Li, Ziyao Li, Xiao-Guang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01353-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01353-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquitoes with aggressive biting behavior are important disease vectors threatening public health. Armigeres subalbatus, as an emerging arbovirus and filarial disease vector, exhibits aggressive host-seeking behavior and unique breeding preference for contaminated water. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aimed to generate a high-quality genome assembly and characterize the genetic basis of vector competence and environmental adaptation in Ar. subalbatus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We sequenced and assembled the Ar. subalbatus genome using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C technology. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to identify gene families related to detoxification, diapause, innate immunity, and sex determination. Gene structure analysis focused on the male-determining factor and its evolutionary relationships with other mosquito vectors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genome assembly consists of three chromosomes, with a total size of 1.33 Gbp and an N50 of 430.15 Mbp (GenBank assembly: GCA_024139115.2), displaying 99.4% Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness. We identified the gene structure of the male-determining factor (AsuMf) and characterized its evolutionary relationship with other mosquito vectors. The analysis revealed expanded detoxification-related gene families including cytochrome P450s, which may facilitate adaptation to contaminated breeding sites. We characterized 566 putative diapause-related genes that could potentially contribute to geographical expansion, 334 innate immune genes, and 1673 endogenous viral elements, indicating complex virus-host interactions throughout evolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides insights into the molecular basis of vector competence and adaptation in Ar. subalbatus. The expanded detoxification gene families may enable the species to survive in polluted environments, while the identified diapause-related genes could explain its geographical expansion capabilities. These findings establish a foundation for developing novel vector control strategies targeting this emerging disease vector.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Basel ultrasonography protocol for assessing hepatosplenic pathologies in Asian schistosomiasis: report of a WHO expert meeting.","authors":"Joachim Richter, Andreas Neumayr, Amadou Garba-Djirmay, Hiroshi Ohmae, Ralph Aniceto, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Jing Xu, Zhaoyu Guo, An Ning, Edward Mberu Kamau, Francesca Tamarozzi, Hannah Wei Wu, Charles King, Birgitte Jyding Vennervald, Goylette F Chami, Jürg Utzinger, Christoph Hatz","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01349-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01349-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asian hepatointestinal schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum is prevalent in the Philippines and in Indonesia, while it is close to elimination in China. The second Asian schistosome, S. mekongi, is found in Cambodia and Laos. The main pathology caused by both species is liver fibrosis, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality, mainly due to portal hypertension leading to bleeding from esophageal varices. Ultrasonography was introduced several decades ago as a safe, fast, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive technique for assessing chronic schistosomiasis-related hepatic pathology in the clinical and field settings. A standardized ultrasound protocol had been established by experts at a WHO-chaired meeting in Cairo, Egypt, in 1990. The peculiarities of sonomorphologic abnormalities caused by S. japonicum and S. mekongi were not sufficiently covered in the Cairo protocol and not addressed at all in the subsequent WHO chaired meeting in Niamey 1996. At a follow-up WHO-chaired meeting in Phnom Pehnh, Cambodia, in 2002, an attempt was made to develop a protocol for Asian schistosomiasis, but a protocol resulting from this meeting has never been published. Although several studies investigated the use of ultrasonography to assess S. japonicum- and S. mekongi-related sonomorphological morbidity across endemic areas the lack of a standardized protocol hampered the characterization of sonomorphologic abnormalities with regard to progression, reversibility, prognosis, and correlation to morbidity. In addition, the comparison of data from different endemic areas and populations remained difficult. Therefore, a WHO-chiared expert meeting took place in Basel, Switzerland in September 2024 with the aim to establish a standardized ultrasound protocol for reporting the pathology caused by S. japonicum and S. mekongi. The proposed protocol is described in this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slide positivity, trends, and risk factors of febrile Plasmodium vivax malaria along the Thailand-Myanmar border, 2018-2023.","authors":"Pyae Linn Aung, Nattawan Rachaphaew, Piyarat Sripoorote, Khaing Zin Zin Htwe, Kritsana Suk-Aum, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Saranath Lawpoolsri, Liwang Cui, Jetsumon Sattabongkot","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01350-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40249-025-01350-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria species in many Southeast Asian countries. Eliminating all human malaria species by 2030 requires greater focus on P. vivax, with targeted measures to address its unique challenges. This study evaluated slide positivity rates, temporal trends, and risk factors associated with febrile P. vivax infections in a malaria-endemic district along the Thailand-Myanmar border.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a community-based longitudinal surveillance design over six years (January 2018-December 2023). Data were collected through routine passive case detection at field malaria clinics using extended, standardized case record forms. Malaria diagnosis was conducted via microscopy examination. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 13,347 febrile malaria-suspected patients, the cumulative slide positivity rate for P. vivax was 11.0%. Although no distinct seasonal peaks were observed, P. vivax cases generally increased in April and again in November and December. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified several significant risk factors for febrile P. vivax infection, including school-aged children (5-14 years) (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.24-1.97), working-age adults (15-34 years) (aOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02-2.00), males (aOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35), Myanmar nationals (aOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 2.01-2.80), and other non-Thai nationals, such as individuals from Laos and Cambodia (aOR: 5.50, 95% CI: 3.36-8.90). A history of malaria (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.38-1.83), recent travel within two weeks (aOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.94-2.92), and engagement in livestock-related occupations (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.14-5.35) were also associated with higher odds of infection. In contrast, being unemployed (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.81), working in occupations such as maid, driver, or teacher (aOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.93), and consistent use of bed nets (aOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.30-0.51) significantly reduced infection risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified a relatively high slide positivity rate of febrile P. vivax infection in a malaria-endemic district in western Thailand along the Myanmar border. Strengthening malaria surveillance, targeting high-risk populations, ensuring treatment adherence, and promoting early care-seeking behavior are crucial for reducing P. vivax transmission and advancing malaria elimination efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}