Anirban Bhattacharyya, Nicky Didwania, Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi, Rudra Chhajer, Saswati Gayen, Mehebubar Rahman, Rama Prosad Goswami, Krishna Pandey, Vidya Nand Ravi Das, Pradeep Das, Fernando Oliveira da Silva, Dorcas Lamounier Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa, Nahid Ali
{"title":"重组利什曼活化C激酶作为印度和巴西内脏利什曼病免疫诊断的新抗原候选物。","authors":"Anirban Bhattacharyya, Nicky Didwania, Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi, Rudra Chhajer, Saswati Gayen, Mehebubar Rahman, Rama Prosad Goswami, Krishna Pandey, Vidya Nand Ravi Das, Pradeep Das, Fernando Oliveira da Silva, Dorcas Lamounier Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa, Nahid Ali","doi":"10.1186/s40249-025-01296-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) an 'infectious disease of poverty', caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, remains a significant public health threat in endemic regions of South Asia, East Africa, and Brazil. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent the disease's potentially fatal outcomes. However, due to the nonspecific nature of clinical symptoms, diagnosis often relies on serological tests. This study aims to assess the diagnostic potential of the L. donovani activated C kinase (LACK), a highly conserved antigen essential for parasite survival and host establishment, in VL-endemic regions such as India and Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multi-center study with serum samples from India (n = 184) and Brazil (n = 59), along with non-invasive urine samples from India (n = 132). Clinical samples from India were collected from the endemic regions of Bihar and West Bengal between 2016-2024, while those from Teresina, Brazil, were collected between 2008 and 2009. Following preliminary immunoblot analysis, we validated the diagnostic utility of LACK through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and dipstick tests. Results were analyzed and area under a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values were calculated via the Mann-Whitney U test. Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, and confidence intervals were assessed to evaluate diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ELISA results revealed that LACK antibodies exhibited 100% sensitivity in both Indian [95% confidence intervals (CI): 94.80-100%] and Brazilian (95% CI: 91.24-100%) patient samples, with specificity of 97.33% for Indian controls and 94.74% for Brazilian controls. Urine samples from Indian patients also demonstrated perfect sensitivity and specificity (100%). Notably, LACK showed minimal reactivity with follow-up patient samples. Dipstick assays confirmed these findings, offering a simple, rapid, and field-friendly diagnostic alternative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LACK is a promising diagnostic marker for VL, showing high sensitivity across regions and has potential to distinguish active infections from cured or relapsed cases, though larger studies are needed for confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48820,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","volume":"14 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239358/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Recombinant Leishmania-activated C kinase as a novel antigenic candidate for immuno-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis occurring in India and Brazil.\",\"authors\":\"Anirban Bhattacharyya, Nicky Didwania, Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi, Rudra Chhajer, Saswati Gayen, Mehebubar Rahman, Rama Prosad Goswami, Krishna Pandey, Vidya Nand Ravi Das, Pradeep Das, Fernando Oliveira da Silva, Dorcas Lamounier Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa, Nahid Ali\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40249-025-01296-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) an 'infectious disease of poverty', caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, remains a significant public health threat in endemic regions of South Asia, East Africa, and Brazil. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent the disease's potentially fatal outcomes. However, due to the nonspecific nature of clinical symptoms, diagnosis often relies on serological tests. This study aims to assess the diagnostic potential of the L. donovani activated C kinase (LACK), a highly conserved antigen essential for parasite survival and host establishment, in VL-endemic regions such as India and Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multi-center study with serum samples from India (n = 184) and Brazil (n = 59), along with non-invasive urine samples from India (n = 132). Clinical samples from India were collected from the endemic regions of Bihar and West Bengal between 2016-2024, while those from Teresina, Brazil, were collected between 2008 and 2009. Following preliminary immunoblot analysis, we validated the diagnostic utility of LACK through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and dipstick tests. Results were analyzed and area under a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values were calculated via the Mann-Whitney U test. Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, and confidence intervals were assessed to evaluate diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ELISA results revealed that LACK antibodies exhibited 100% sensitivity in both Indian [95% confidence intervals (CI): 94.80-100%] and Brazilian (95% CI: 91.24-100%) patient samples, with specificity of 97.33% for Indian controls and 94.74% for Brazilian controls. Urine samples from Indian patients also demonstrated perfect sensitivity and specificity (100%). Notably, LACK showed minimal reactivity with follow-up patient samples. Dipstick assays confirmed these findings, offering a simple, rapid, and field-friendly diagnostic alternative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LACK is a promising diagnostic marker for VL, showing high sensitivity across regions and has potential to distinguish active infections from cured or relapsed cases, though larger studies are needed for confirmation.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48820,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Infectious Diseases of Poverty\",\"volume\":\"14 1\",\"pages\":\"62\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239358/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Infectious Diseases of Poverty\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01296-7\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01296-7","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Recombinant Leishmania-activated C kinase as a novel antigenic candidate for immuno-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis occurring in India and Brazil.
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) an 'infectious disease of poverty', caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, remains a significant public health threat in endemic regions of South Asia, East Africa, and Brazil. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to prevent the disease's potentially fatal outcomes. However, due to the nonspecific nature of clinical symptoms, diagnosis often relies on serological tests. This study aims to assess the diagnostic potential of the L. donovani activated C kinase (LACK), a highly conserved antigen essential for parasite survival and host establishment, in VL-endemic regions such as India and Brazil.
Methods: We conducted a multi-center study with serum samples from India (n = 184) and Brazil (n = 59), along with non-invasive urine samples from India (n = 132). Clinical samples from India were collected from the endemic regions of Bihar and West Bengal between 2016-2024, while those from Teresina, Brazil, were collected between 2008 and 2009. Following preliminary immunoblot analysis, we validated the diagnostic utility of LACK through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and dipstick tests. Results were analyzed and area under a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values were calculated via the Mann-Whitney U test. Additionally, sensitivity, specificity, and confidence intervals were assessed to evaluate diagnostic performance.
Results: The ELISA results revealed that LACK antibodies exhibited 100% sensitivity in both Indian [95% confidence intervals (CI): 94.80-100%] and Brazilian (95% CI: 91.24-100%) patient samples, with specificity of 97.33% for Indian controls and 94.74% for Brazilian controls. Urine samples from Indian patients also demonstrated perfect sensitivity and specificity (100%). Notably, LACK showed minimal reactivity with follow-up patient samples. Dipstick assays confirmed these findings, offering a simple, rapid, and field-friendly diagnostic alternative.
Conclusion: LACK is a promising diagnostic marker for VL, showing high sensitivity across regions and has potential to distinguish active infections from cured or relapsed cases, though larger studies are needed for confirmation.
期刊介绍：
Infectious Diseases of Poverty is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on addressing essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. The journal covers a wide range of topics including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies and application. It also considers the transdisciplinary or multisectoral effects on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technology. The journal aims to identify and assess research and information gaps that hinder progress towards new interventions for public health problems in the developing world. Additionally, it provides a platform for discussing these issues to advance research and evidence building for improved public health interventions in poor settings.
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