Journal of Endocrinological Investigation最新文献

{"title":"PCOS - the many faces of a disorder in women and men.","authors":"Naz Guleray Lafci, Bulent Yilmaz, Bulent Okan Yildiz","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02512-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02512-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine, metabolic and reproductive disorder. The underlying pathophysiology is not yet fully understood and both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. We aimed to explore clinical and genetic aspects of familial clustering in PCOS, shedding light on its reproductive and metabolic consequences in both male and female first-degree relatives of the affected women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searching the electronic database of PubMed up to October 2023, we synthesized findings from available prospective and retrospective studies and review articles, investigating the familial clustering of PCOS and incorporating data on its metabolic consequences and genetic associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a significant clustering of reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in first-degree relatives of women with PCOS. Genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), reveal a complex molecular etiology, emphasizing polygenic architecture. This is supported by the identification of two distinct PCOS subtypes, termed \"reproductive\" and \"metabolic\" which exhibit differential genetic underpinnings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians should be aware of increased reproductive and metabolic dysfunction both in female and male first-degree relatives of PCOS probands. Current challenges include refining genetic risk scores and understanding the impact of PCOS genetic factors on diverse outcomes, necessitating a sex-specific approach in research and clinical practice. Future directions should address causality, improve diagnostic capability, and unravel the long-term consequences in both genders, emphasizing the importance of proactive clinical assessment in PCOS probands and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"785-798"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic delay, older age, and hormonal levels at diagnosis affect disease burden and mortality in acromegaly.","authors":"Valentina Gasco, Nunzia Prencipe, Daniela Cuboni, Emanuele Varaldo, Michela Sibilla, Luigi Simone Aversa, Alessandro Maria Berton, Fabio Bioletto, Ezio Ghigo, Silvia Grottoli, Mauro Maccario","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02519-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02519-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acromegaly, a rare disease with peak incidence in early adulthood, is marked by significant diagnostic delay and increased mortality due to complications. While older patients often show milder disease activity, they experience longer diagnostic delay. Higher hormonal levels, advanced age, and prolonged delay are associated with more systemic complications. The interplay between hormonal levels, age at diagnosis, and diagnostic delay on disease activity and complications remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the hormonal and cardiometabolic features, as well as mortality, of acromegaly based on diagnostic delay and age at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of 203 acromegalic patients, stratified by age at diagnosis (< 65 years, n = 175; ≥ 65 years, n = 28) and diagnostic delay (≤ 5 years, n = 103; > 5 years, n = 100). Data on clinical and hormonal profiles, cardiometabolic complications, and mortality were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis and diagnostic delay did not predict higher IGF-I SDS, which was associated only with male gender (OR 3.70, p = 0.001) and cardiometabolic burden (OR 3.36, p = 0.02). Younger age (OR 0.94, p = 0.000) and longer diagnostic delay (OR 1.15, p = 0.002) correlated with higher GH levels. Older age (OR 1.12, p = 0.000) and higher IGF-I SDS (OR 3.06, p = 0.02) were linked to greater cardiometabolic burden. Mortality was higher in older patients (OR 1.03, p = 0.03) and those with longer diagnostic delay (OR 1.10, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>1) older age at diagnosis strongly impacts cardiometabolic complications, while diagnostic delay has a lesser effect; 2) male gender, older age, diagnostic delay, and cardiometabolic burden predict hormonal disease burden; 3) older age and IGF-I SDS predict cardiometabolic complications; 4) mortality is predicted by older age and prolonged diagnostic delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"919-929"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of Galectin-3 and CVAI-based model for predicting cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Xueling Zhou, Ning Dai, Dandan Yu, Tong Niu, Shaohua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02506-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02506-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model combining multiple indicators to quantify the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included Chinese T2DM patients who were hospitalized at Zhongda Hospital between November 2021 and May 2023. Clinical data, including demographics, medical history, biochemical tests, and cognitive status, were collected. Cognitive assessment was performed using neuropsychological tests, and MCI was diagnosed based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. The dataset was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7:3 ratio. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing MCI in the training set. A nomogram-based scoring model was then developed by integrating these findings with high-risk clinical variables, and its performance was validated in the validation set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, T2DM patients were divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7:3 ratio. There were no significant differences in MCI incidence, demographics, or clinical characteristics between the two groups, confirming the appropriateness of model construction. In the training set, Galectin-3 and CVAI were significantly negatively correlated with cognitive function (MoCA and MMSE scores), and this negative correlation remained after adjusting for confounding variables. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, CVAI, and Galectin-3 significantly increased the risk of MCI, while years of education had a protective effect. The constructed nomogram model, which integrated age, sex, education level, hypertension, CVAI, and Galectin-3 levels, exhibited high predictive performance (C-index of 0.816), with AUCs of 0.816 in the training set and 0.858 in the validation set, outperforming single indicators. PR curve analysis further validated the superiority of the nomogram model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The straightforward, highly accurate, and interactive nomogram model developed in this study facilitate the early risk prediction of MCI in individuals with T2DM by incorporating Galectin-3, CVAI, and other common clinical risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics of urinary bladder paragangliomas: a multi-center study of a Chinese cohort.","authors":"Jingjing Jiang, Yingxian Pang, Rongkui Luo, Yongbao Wei, Jing Zhang, Minghao Li, Yitong Xu, Xiaochun Teng, Hongmei Wu, Haixia Guan, Xiaohong Wu, Chenyan Yan, Dewen Zhong, Wanglong Deng, Ning Xu, Yanlin Wen, Yu Feng, Bin Yan, Long Wang, Yazhuo Jiang, Jinzhuo Ning, Xiaowen Xu, Miguel J Soria, Mercedes Robledo, Karel Pacak, Yujun Liu, Longfei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02509-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02509-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) exhibit the highest degree of heritability among all human tumors, yet the genetics of urinary bladder paragangliomas (UBPGLs) remains poorly understood. The present study aims to examine the characteristics of a cohort of Chinese patients with UBPGLs, focusing particularly on genetics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 70 Chinese patients with UBPGLs from 15 centers in China, 240 patients with non-head and neck PGLs (non-HNPGLs) outside the urine bladder, and 16 Caucasian patients with UBPGLs. Tumor DNA samples were sequenced by next generation sequencing. All identified pathogenic variants (PVs) were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 70 Chinese patients, PVs were identified in 38 cases: 23 in cluster 1 A (13 SDHB, 1 SDHD, 1 SDHA, 4 IDH1, 2 SLC25A11, and 2 FH), 4 in cluster 1B (3 EPAS1 and 1 EGLN1), and 11 in cluster 2 genes (7 HRAS, 1 FGFR1, 2 NF1, and 1 H3F3A). Compared with other non-HNPGLs, UBPGLs had more PVs in cluster 1 A genes (32.9% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.001), but fewer in cluster 1B (5.7% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.002) and cluster 2 genes (15.7% vs. 42.5%, p < 0.001). PVs in SDHB (18.6%) was the most common in Chinese patients with UBPGLs, followed by HRAS (10.0%). No PVs was found in 45.7% of all UBPGLs. PVs in HRAS, SLC25A11, EPAS1, and FH were also identified in Caucasians with UBPGLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chinese patients with UBPGLs have a diverse genetic profile. PVs in cluster 1 A genes underlie nearly 1/3 of patients, highlighting the importance of genetic testing. Diverse germline and somatic PVs are also present in Caucasian patients with UBPGLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"931-939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of computer scientists in the assessment of thyroid nodules using TIRADS lexicons.","authors":"P Trimboli, A Colombo, E Gamarra, L Ruinelli, A Leoncini","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02518-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02518-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ultrasound (US) evaluation is recognized as pivotal in assessing the risk of malignancy (RoM) of thyroid nodules (TNs). Recently, various US-based risk-classification systems (Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data Systems [TIRADSs] have been developed. An important ongoing project concerns the creation of an international system (I-TIRADS) using unique terminology. Since online tool allow clinicians and patients to stratify the RoM of any TN, the role of computer scientist (CS) should be relevant. This study explored the performance of CS in assessing TNs across the TIRADS categories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The most diffused TIRADSs (i.e., ACR, EU, and K) were considered. Three-hundred scenarios were created. A CS was asked to assess the 300 TNs according to ACR-, EU-, and K-TIRADS. These data were compared with that of clinicians. The inter-observer agreement was estimated with Cohen kappa (κ). Word-cloud plots were used to graph the US descriptors with disagreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correspondence of the CS's assessment with the physicians was 100%, 81%, and 43%, using ACR-, EU-, and K-TIRADS, respectively. The CS was unable to classify 19/100 TNs according to EU-TIRADS and 15/100 TNs according to K-TIRADS. The inter-observer agreement between CS and physicians was excellent for ACR-TIRADS (κ = 1), moderate for EU-TIRADS (κ = 0.56), and fair for K-TIRADS (κ = 0.22). Among the non-concordant cases, 16/22 descriptors for EU-TIRADS and 18/18 descriptors for K-TIRADS were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CSs are confident with the ACR-TIRADS lexicon and structure while not with EU- and K-TIRADS, probably because they are pattern-based systems requiring medical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"877-883"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactoferrin alleviates oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by autoimmune thyroiditis by modulating the mTOR pathway in the thyroid.","authors":"Haoran Ding, Jiabo Qin, Yixuan Li, Linghui Dai, Fazhan Xu, Zhijian Liu, Xianbiao Shi, Wenxian Guan, Jianfeng Sang","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02505-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02505-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune system's attack on thyroid tissue, potentially leading to thyroid dysfunction, with a current lack of effective treatment modalities. Lactoferrin, a crucial functional dietary component obtainable from food sources, primarily exists in mammalian milk. We aim to investigate whether dietary supplementation with lactoferrin can protect the thyroid in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis (EAT) rats. Our study reveals significantly elevated levels of oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the AITD. Lactoferrin markedly reduces OS and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the thyroid tissue of EAT rats. Furthermore, lactoferrin inhibits ERS levels in the thyroid of EAT rats and alleviates cellular apoptosis. In vivo and in vitro experiments elucidate that its protective effect is primarily achieved through the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway activation. In summary, lactoferrin, a nutrient readily obtainable from food sources, appears to be effective in mitigating thyroid damage in AITD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"861-876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of interviewing in endocrine practice.","authors":"N Sonino, G A Fava, D C Aron, Jenny Guidi","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02565-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02565-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interviewing is a basic, yet neglected clinical method that allows to understand how a person feels and what are the presenting complaints, obtain medical history, assess personal attitudes and behavior related to health and disease. In the endocrine setting it provides the patient with information about diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, and establishes a therapeutic relationship that is crucial for shared decision making and self-management. However, the value of this clinical skill is threatened by time pressures and emphasis on technology. Current health care trends privilege expensive tests and procedures and tag the time devoted to interaction with the patient as lacking cost-effectiveness. Instead, the time spent to enquire about problems and life setting may actually help to avoid further testing, procedures and referrals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of optimal use of interviewing in clinical endocrinology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The basic principles of the art of interviewing are described, particularly as to medical diagnosis and history, health attitudes and behavior (including lifestyle), patient's experience of symptoms and quality of life, allostatic load and psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Assessment by interviewing may indeed offer a characterization of the person's psychosocial environment that is missing from current formulations. It may shed light on a number of clinical issues, such as interpretation by the endocrinologist of abnormal hormone values that lack explanation, difficulties in coping with the various phases of illness, maladaptive illness behavior, presence of residual symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic complications after Cushing's disease remission.","authors":"Irene Tizianel, Laura Lizzul, Alessandro Mondin, Giacomo Voltan, Pierluigi Mazzeo, Carla Scaroni, Mattia Barbot, Filippo Ceccato","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02572-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02572-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cushing's disease (CD) is associated with phenotypic traits and comorbidities that may persist after the normalization of cortisol levels. Medical therapy is usually given in recurrent or persistent CD after transsphenoidal surgery. We aimed to investigate the impact of long-term normalization of daily cortisol secretion on clinical picture and cardiometabolic comorbidities, comparing surgical remission to medical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monocentric retrospective study, two- and five-years observation. Sixty CD patients, with sustained normal 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels, divided group 1 (surgical remission, n = 36) and group 2 (medical remission, n = 24).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were different after achieving eucortisolism with surgery or medical treatment. Phenotypic traits: round face, dorsocervical fat pad, and bruisability persisted more prominently in the group 2, however abdominal obesity and muscle weakness persisted in both groups, especially in those patients with increased late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC).</p><p><strong>Hypertension: </strong>greater improvement was observed in group 1 (-31% vs. -5%, p = 0.04). Diabetes: less prevalent in group 1 after 2 years (2/36 vs. 9/24, p = 0.002), with a corresponding reduction in glucose-lowering treatments and persistence of impaired LNSC in diabetic patients (p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia: remained widespread in both groups, with minimal improvement over time (-22% in surgical and - 6% in medical cohort).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical remission leads to faster and sustained improvements in clinical phenotype. However, obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia do not completely revert in five years, especially during medical treatment. Most comorbidities persist despite UFC normalization, due to impaired LNSC: the recovery of cortisol rhythms confirms the remission of hypercortisolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Thymic hyperplasia is accurate to detect new-onset Graves' hyperthyroidism and resolves after restoring euthyroidism.","authors":"L Scappaticcio, P Caruso, N Di Martino, P Ferrazzano, A Clemente, M I Maiorino, A Reginelli, G Docimo, P F Rambaldi, G Bellastella, P Trimboli, S Cappabianca, K Esposito","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02573-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02573-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenal cortex senescence: an ageing-related pathology?","authors":"Emma Short, Ramzi Ajjan, Thomas M Barber, Ian Benson, Victoria Higginbotham, Robert Huckstepp, Venkateswarlu Kanamarlapudi, Natasha Mumwiro, Stuart R G Calimport, Barry Bentley","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02566-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02566-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adrenal glands are a pair of endocrine organs that produce and secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They have a vital role in a range of physiological processes including regulating electrolyte balance, blood pressure and metabolism, immunomodulation, sexual development and the stress response. Adrenal cortex senescence describes the ageing-related decline in the normal functioning of the adrenal cortex, characterised by an alteration in the output of adrenal cortical hormones, in particular reduced secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and sulfated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS). Such endocrine aberrations may be implicated in adverse clinical outcomes including mood disturbances, impairment in cognitive functioning, metabolic dysfunction and osteopenia. This paper shall address whether adrenal cortex senescence should be recognised as an ageing-related pathology, which has recently been defined as one that develops and/or progresses with increasing chronological age, that is associated with, or contributes to, functional decline, and is evidenced by studies in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}