Jingjing Jiang, Yingxian Pang, Rongkui Luo, Yongbao Wei, Jing Zhang, Minghao Li, Yitong Xu, Xiaochun Teng, Hongmei Wu, Haixia Guan, Xiaohong Wu, Chenyan Yan, Dewen Zhong, Wanglong Deng, Ning Xu, Yanlin Wen, Yu Feng, Bin Yan, Long Wang, Yazhuo Jiang, Jinzhuo Ning, Xiaowen Xu, Miguel J Soria, Mercedes Robledo, Karel Pacak, Yujun Liu, Longfei Liu
{"title":"Genetics of urinary bladder paragangliomas: a multi-center study of a Chinese cohort.","authors":"Jingjing Jiang, Yingxian Pang, Rongkui Luo, Yongbao Wei, Jing Zhang, Minghao Li, Yitong Xu, Xiaochun Teng, Hongmei Wu, Haixia Guan, Xiaohong Wu, Chenyan Yan, Dewen Zhong, Wanglong Deng, Ning Xu, Yanlin Wen, Yu Feng, Bin Yan, Long Wang, Yazhuo Jiang, Jinzhuo Ning, Xiaowen Xu, Miguel J Soria, Mercedes Robledo, Karel Pacak, Yujun Liu, Longfei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02509-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02509-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) exhibit the highest degree of heritability among all human tumors, yet the genetics of urinary bladder paragangliomas (UBPGLs) remains poorly understood. The present study aims to examine the characteristics of a cohort of Chinese patients with UBPGLs, focusing particularly on genetics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 70 Chinese patients with UBPGLs from 15 centers in China, 240 patients with non-head and neck PGLs (non-HNPGLs) outside the urine bladder, and 16 Caucasian patients with UBPGLs. Tumor DNA samples were sequenced by next generation sequencing. All identified pathogenic variants (PVs) were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 70 Chinese patients, PVs were identified in 38 cases: 23 in cluster 1 A (13 SDHB, 1 SDHD, 1 SDHA, 4 IDH1, 2 SLC25A11, and 2 FH), 4 in cluster 1B (3 EPAS1 and 1 EGLN1), and 11 in cluster 2 genes (7 HRAS, 1 FGFR1, 2 NF1, and 1 H3F3A). Compared with other non-HNPGLs, UBPGLs had more PVs in cluster 1 A genes (32.9% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.001), but fewer in cluster 1B (5.7% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.002) and cluster 2 genes (15.7% vs. 42.5%, p < 0.001). PVs in SDHB (18.6%) was the most common in Chinese patients with UBPGLs, followed by HRAS (10.0%). No PVs was found in 45.7% of all UBPGLs. PVs in HRAS, SLC25A11, EPAS1, and FH were also identified in Caucasians with UBPGLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chinese patients with UBPGLs have a diverse genetic profile. PVs in cluster 1 A genes underlie nearly 1/3 of patients, highlighting the importance of genetic testing. Diverse germline and somatic PVs are also present in Caucasian patients with UBPGLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"931-939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lactoferrin alleviates oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by autoimmune thyroiditis by modulating the mTOR pathway in the thyroid.","authors":"Haoran Ding, Jiabo Qin, Yixuan Li, Linghui Dai, Fazhan Xu, Zhijian Liu, Xianbiao Shi, Wenxian Guan, Jianfeng Sang","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02505-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02505-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune system's attack on thyroid tissue, potentially leading to thyroid dysfunction, with a current lack of effective treatment modalities. Lactoferrin, a crucial functional dietary component obtainable from food sources, primarily exists in mammalian milk. We aim to investigate whether dietary supplementation with lactoferrin can protect the thyroid in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis (EAT) rats. Our study reveals significantly elevated levels of oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the AITD. Lactoferrin markedly reduces OS and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the thyroid tissue of EAT rats. Furthermore, lactoferrin inhibits ERS levels in the thyroid of EAT rats and alleviates cellular apoptosis. In vivo and in vitro experiments elucidate that its protective effect is primarily achieved through the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway activation. In summary, lactoferrin, a nutrient readily obtainable from food sources, appears to be effective in mitigating thyroid damage in AITD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"861-876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P Trimboli, A Colombo, E Gamarra, L Ruinelli, A Leoncini
{"title":"Performance of computer scientists in the assessment of thyroid nodules using TIRADS lexicons.","authors":"P Trimboli, A Colombo, E Gamarra, L Ruinelli, A Leoncini","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02518-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02518-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ultrasound (US) evaluation is recognized as pivotal in assessing the risk of malignancy (RoM) of thyroid nodules (TNs). Recently, various US-based risk-classification systems (Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data Systems [TIRADSs] have been developed. An important ongoing project concerns the creation of an international system (I-TIRADS) using unique terminology. Since online tool allow clinicians and patients to stratify the RoM of any TN, the role of computer scientist (CS) should be relevant. This study explored the performance of CS in assessing TNs across the TIRADS categories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The most diffused TIRADSs (i.e., ACR, EU, and K) were considered. Three-hundred scenarios were created. A CS was asked to assess the 300 TNs according to ACR-, EU-, and K-TIRADS. These data were compared with that of clinicians. The inter-observer agreement was estimated with Cohen kappa (κ). Word-cloud plots were used to graph the US descriptors with disagreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correspondence of the CS's assessment with the physicians was 100%, 81%, and 43%, using ACR-, EU-, and K-TIRADS, respectively. The CS was unable to classify 19/100 TNs according to EU-TIRADS and 15/100 TNs according to K-TIRADS. The inter-observer agreement between CS and physicians was excellent for ACR-TIRADS (κ = 1), moderate for EU-TIRADS (κ = 0.56), and fair for K-TIRADS (κ = 0.22). Among the non-concordant cases, 16/22 descriptors for EU-TIRADS and 18/18 descriptors for K-TIRADS were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CSs are confident with the ACR-TIRADS lexicon and structure while not with EU- and K-TIRADS, probably because they are pattern-based systems requiring medical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"877-883"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of interviewing in endocrine practice.","authors":"N Sonino, G A Fava, D C Aron, Jenny Guidi","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02565-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02565-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interviewing is a basic, yet neglected clinical method that allows to understand how a person feels and what are the presenting complaints, obtain medical history, assess personal attitudes and behavior related to health and disease. In the endocrine setting it provides the patient with information about diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, and establishes a therapeutic relationship that is crucial for shared decision making and self-management. However, the value of this clinical skill is threatened by time pressures and emphasis on technology. Current health care trends privilege expensive tests and procedures and tag the time devoted to interaction with the patient as lacking cost-effectiveness. Instead, the time spent to enquire about problems and life setting may actually help to avoid further testing, procedures and referrals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of optimal use of interviewing in clinical endocrinology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The basic principles of the art of interviewing are described, particularly as to medical diagnosis and history, health attitudes and behavior (including lifestyle), patient's experience of symptoms and quality of life, allostatic load and psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Assessment by interviewing may indeed offer a characterization of the person's psychosocial environment that is missing from current formulations. It may shed light on a number of clinical issues, such as interpretation by the endocrinologist of abnormal hormone values that lack explanation, difficulties in coping with the various phases of illness, maladaptive illness behavior, presence of residual symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cardiometabolic complications after Cushing's disease remission.","authors":"Irene Tizianel, Laura Lizzul, Alessandro Mondin, Giacomo Voltan, Pierluigi Mazzeo, Carla Scaroni, Mattia Barbot, Filippo Ceccato","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02572-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02572-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Cushing's disease (CD) is associated with phenotypic traits and comorbidities that may persist after the normalization of cortisol levels. Medical therapy is usually given in recurrent or persistent CD after transsphenoidal surgery. We aimed to investigate the impact of long-term normalization of daily cortisol secretion on clinical picture and cardiometabolic comorbidities, comparing surgical remission to medical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monocentric retrospective study, two- and five-years observation. Sixty CD patients, with sustained normal 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels, divided group 1 (surgical remission, n = 36) and group 2 (medical remission, n = 24).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were different after achieving eucortisolism with surgery or medical treatment. Phenotypic traits: round face, dorsocervical fat pad, and bruisability persisted more prominently in the group 2, however abdominal obesity and muscle weakness persisted in both groups, especially in those patients with increased late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC).</p><p><strong>Hypertension: </strong>greater improvement was observed in group 1 (-31% vs. -5%, p = 0.04). Diabetes: less prevalent in group 1 after 2 years (2/36 vs. 9/24, p = 0.002), with a corresponding reduction in glucose-lowering treatments and persistence of impaired LNSC in diabetic patients (p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia: remained widespread in both groups, with minimal improvement over time (-22% in surgical and - 6% in medical cohort).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical remission leads to faster and sustained improvements in clinical phenotype. However, obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia do not completely revert in five years, especially during medical treatment. Most comorbidities persist despite UFC normalization, due to impaired LNSC: the recovery of cortisol rhythms confirms the remission of hypercortisolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Scappaticcio, P Caruso, N Di Martino, P Ferrazzano, A Clemente, M I Maiorino, A Reginelli, G Docimo, P F Rambaldi, G Bellastella, P Trimboli, S Cappabianca, K Esposito
{"title":"Correction: Thymic hyperplasia is accurate to detect new-onset Graves' hyperthyroidism and resolves after restoring euthyroidism.","authors":"L Scappaticcio, P Caruso, N Di Martino, P Ferrazzano, A Clemente, M I Maiorino, A Reginelli, G Docimo, P F Rambaldi, G Bellastella, P Trimboli, S Cappabianca, K Esposito","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02573-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02573-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Short, Ramzi Ajjan, Thomas M Barber, Ian Benson, Victoria Higginbotham, Robert Huckstepp, Venkateswarlu Kanamarlapudi, Natasha Mumwiro, Stuart R G Calimport, Barry Bentley
{"title":"Adrenal cortex senescence: an ageing-related pathology?","authors":"Emma Short, Ramzi Ajjan, Thomas M Barber, Ian Benson, Victoria Higginbotham, Robert Huckstepp, Venkateswarlu Kanamarlapudi, Natasha Mumwiro, Stuart R G Calimport, Barry Bentley","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02566-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02566-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adrenal glands are a pair of endocrine organs that produce and secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They have a vital role in a range of physiological processes including regulating electrolyte balance, blood pressure and metabolism, immunomodulation, sexual development and the stress response. Adrenal cortex senescence describes the ageing-related decline in the normal functioning of the adrenal cortex, characterised by an alteration in the output of adrenal cortical hormones, in particular reduced secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and sulfated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS). Such endocrine aberrations may be implicated in adverse clinical outcomes including mood disturbances, impairment in cognitive functioning, metabolic dysfunction and osteopenia. This paper shall address whether adrenal cortex senescence should be recognised as an ageing-related pathology, which has recently been defined as one that develops and/or progresses with increasing chronological age, that is associated with, or contributes to, functional decline, and is evidenced by studies in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Valenzise, B Bombaci, F Lombardo, S Passanisi, C Lombardo, C Lugarà, F D'Amico, L Grasso, M Aguennouz, A Catalano, G Salzano
{"title":"Correction: Association between osteocalcin and residual β-cell function in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: a pivotal study.","authors":"M Valenzise, B Bombaci, F Lombardo, S Passanisi, C Lombardo, C Lugarà, F D'Amico, L Grasso, M Aguennouz, A Catalano, G Salzano","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02569-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02569-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is orbital adipose tissue obesity-privileged? The relationship between small adipocyte size and metabolically healthy state from the view of orbital fat.","authors":"Y Cheng, K Zhang, J Liu, G Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02568-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02568-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>White adipose tissue (WAT) expands by increasing adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and/or number (hyperplasia) to handle excess energy and plays a key homeostatic role in lipid metabolism. Hypertrophic adipocytes have many impaired biological functions. In contrast, hyperplastic adipocytes can reduce the negative metabolic effects of obesity. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of adaptive WAT expansion is essential for optimizing lipid storage and preventing the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to improve adipose health and can be a pharmacological target to ameliorate obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities. Clinically, we found that the size of adipocytes in orbital fat (OF) is less affected by obesity, and we hypothesized that OF possesses a relatively metabolically healthy profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To verify our hypothesis, we identified multiple hallmarks of healthy adipose tissue in OF using a combination of bioinformatics-based transcriptomics analyses and experimental methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that compared with abdominal subcutaneous fat (SF), OF had a smaller cell size, more dynamic ability to remodel the adipose extracellular matrix (ECM), higher vascular supply, and less macrophage infiltration. OF also showed promising adipogenic and proliferative capabilities and a healthy adipocytokine secretion pattern. Moreover, the Hh signaling was activated in OF and may influence depot-specific adipose health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings collectively support that OF is generally in a naturally metabolically healthy state with high expandability and obesity-free privilege, providing new therapeutic ideas for obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Comi, Giada Cosentino, Elena Sabini, Dalì Antonia Ciampa, Francesca Menconi, Maria Novella Maglionico, Chiara Posarelli, Francesco Latrofa, Roberto Rocchi, Michele Figus, Ferruccio Santini, Michele Marinò
{"title":"Serum levels of rapamycin predict the response of Graves' orbitopathy to sirolimus.","authors":"Simone Comi, Giada Cosentino, Elena Sabini, Dalì Antonia Ciampa, Francesca Menconi, Maria Novella Maglionico, Chiara Posarelli, Francesco Latrofa, Roberto Rocchi, Michele Figus, Ferruccio Santini, Michele Marinò","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02567-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02567-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Compared with methylprednisolone, a greater response of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) at 24 weeks was reported in patients treated with sirolimus (rapamycin) for 12 weeks. We investigated whether serum levels of sirolimus at week-12 predict the outcome of GO at week-24.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective investigation in 30 patients [males: 4; females: 26; age 61.3 (9.62) yr] with moderate-to-severe, active GO, treated with sirolimus (2 mg on day-one, followed by 0.5 mg QD for 12 weeks).</p><p><strong>Primary outcome: </strong>serum sirolimus at week-12 in week-24 GO responders vs nonresponders, assessed by a composite evaluation.</p><p><strong>Secondary outcome: </strong>establishment of a cut-off value of week-12 sirolimus concentrations predictive of response to treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At week-24, overall GO responders and nonresponders were 18 (60%) and 12 (40%), respectively. Week-12 serum sirolimus was higher in week-24 responders [4.6 (2.2) ng/mL vs 2.8 (1.6) ng/mL in nonresponders; mean difference 1.7; 95% CI from 0.1 to 3.1; P = 0.034)]. A cut-off value of week-12 serum sirolimus was established at 3.5 ng/mL; levels ≥ 3.5 ng/mL were more frequent in week-24 GO responders than in nonresponders [13/18 (72.2%) vs 3/12 (25%); OR: 7.8; 95% CI from 1.4 to 41.2; P = 0.015], with a positive predictive value of 81.2% (95% CI from 60.9 to 92.3), a sensitivity of 72.2% (95% CI from 46.5 to 90.3), and a specificity of 75% (95% CI from 42.8 to 94.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum levels of sirolimus at week-12 are predictive of GO response to treatment at week-24, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship with GO outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}