Journal of Endocrinological Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Insulin resistance and sarcopenia: independent and combined associations with obesity and dietary protein intake.","authors":"Maryam Sajedizadeh, Sina Bazmi, Seyed Hossein Davoudi, Jalaledin Mirzay Razaz, Mojtaba Farjam, Reza Homayounfar","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-02923-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-02923-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the independent association between insulin resistance and sarcopenia in adults and to assess whether this relationship differs across sex, age, diabetes status, obesity, and dietary protein intake strata.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis included 6,670 adults aged 20-70 years from the Monitoring of Metabolic Diseases Risk Factors in Tehran (MMRT) cohort. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest two population quintiles of skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Insulin resistance was quantified using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic, biochemical, and clinical covariates. Subgroup and combined-phenotype analyses were performed by sex, age, diabetes, obesity, and protein intake levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sarcopenia prevalence was 39.6%. Participants with sarcopenia were older, had higher BMI and HOMA-IR, and lower physical activity, socioeconomic status, and macronutrient intake. Higher HOMA-IR was associated with 2.64-fold greater odds of sarcopenia (95%CI:2.25-3.10,p < 0.001). Associations persisted across subgroups and were stronger in females (OR = 3.43) than males (OR = 1.47). Insulin-resistant participants with obesity had the highest sarcopenia odds (OR = 4.47), followed by non-obese insulin-resistant individuals (OR = 2.96) and insulin-sensitive individuals with obesity (OR = 1.49). Low protein intake amplified the effect of insulin resistance (OR = 2.92), while higher protein intake partially mitigated risk (OR = 1.81). Mean SMI decreased progressively across HOMA-IR quartiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Insulin resistance is independently and strongly associated with sarcopenia, particularly among females and individuals with obesity. Coexistence of low protein intake and insulin resistance markedly worsens muscle loss, suggesting that targeted metabolic and nutritional interventions may help preserve muscle mass in insulin-resistant populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2509-2520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The paracrine signalling between endothelial and pancreatic β-cells: implications for oxidative stress and diabetes.","authors":"Adrián Idoate-Bayón, Elena Ainzúa, Javier Marqués","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-02869-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-02869-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2149-2165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining testosterone reference ranges for adult females.","authors":"Esther Wainwright, Natalie Getreu, Lauren Crawford, Adrian Timpson, Sofia Vaz, George Adams, Lucinda Lawrie, Timothy Woolley, Lorna Brightmore, Ali Abbara, Helen C O'Neill","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-02929-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-02929-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To define an age-continuous reference range for testosterone (T) in females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A large-scale retrospective analysis of anonymised serum T collected via capillary sampling from a private healthcare service. 5,323 female individuals (19-59 years) with no history of reproductive conditions, normal BMI and regular cycles were analysed to establish a robust, age-continuous reference range for T, including probability density distributions and specific quantiles. Competing models of log T values as a function of age were statistically assessed, and the best model selected. Additionally, a cohort with self-reported hirsutism was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A weakly skew-Normal distribution describes the best-fit distribution of log T values at any specific age, such that the mean decreases and the variance increases linearly with age. Analysis of the hirsutism cohort showed significantly higher T levels compared to the reference cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Establishing a reliable reference range for female T enables clinicians to differentiate between physiological and pathological states (e.g. hyperandrogenism). Here, we establish a robust, age-continuous reference range for T in a large female population under strict inclusion criteria. The findings underscore the importance of age-specific reference ranges and highlight a substantial decrease in T over adult life. This study provides a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers seeking to compare patient hormone levels to a reliable reference distribution of T levels in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2339-2349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of first-trimester inflammatory markers with gestational diabetes mellitus subtypes and patterns: a cohort study.","authors":"Jingyi Wang, Liying Jing, Bixuan Liu, Xiangjie Kong, Shan Kang, Yili Wu","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-02897-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-02897-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the associations between first-trimester inflammatory markers and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), including its subtypes and patterns, and to explore the role of these markers in the early identification of GDM risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years and < 16 weeks of gestation, based on their first antenatal registration date, at a tertiary hospital from March to December 2023 retrospectively and from December 2023 to August 2024 prospectively. Inflammatory markers, calculated from peripheral blood cell counts, included the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregated immune-inflammation index (AISI). Outcomes were GDM and its subtypes (isolated fasting hyperglycemia [IFH], isolated post-load hyperglycemia [IPH], and combined hyperglycemia [CH]), as well as patterns identified through latent class trajectory modeling based on blood glucose change during the OGTT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4,426 eligible women, 821 developed GDM. Elevated first-trimester NLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were significantly associated with higher GDM risk. Compared with non-GDM pregnant women, these markers were positively associated with both IPH (ORs range: 1.16-1.22) and CH (ORs range: 1.28-1.54), but not IFH, and with two OGTT glucose trajectories (medium-speed increase-rapid decrease group [ORs range: 1.20-1.25] and rapid increase-slow decrease group [ORs range: 1.31-1.68]), while no significant associations were observed for the other two trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>First-trimester inflammatory markers are associated with more severe GDM phenotypes and may serve as potential biomarkers to inform the early identification of higher-risk GDM phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2545-2554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of composite inflammatory indicators with osteoporosis and sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the mediating role of inflammation.","authors":"Hui Cao, Luojing Zhong, Fentao Zhong, Ruiyu Lin, Hangju Chen, Jianqing Huang, Wen Wei","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-02899-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-02899-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to investigate the associations between composite inflammatory indicators and the presence of osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the potential mediating role of inflammation in the relationship between sarcopenia and OP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this cross-sectional study, 756 adults with T2DM were enrolled. Osteoporosis was defined as a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) T-score ≤ -2.5 at the hip or lumbar spine. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Composite inflammatory indicators, including systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), neutrophil-to-albumin percentage ratio (NPAR), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte-platelet ratio (NLPR) were calculated from routine blood parameters. Associations between composite inflammatory indicators and OP as well as sarcopenia were assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS) and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The ability of composite inflammatory indicators to identify sarcopenia was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Mediation analysis to assess the indirect effect of inflammation on the sarcopenia and osteoporosis relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 31.1%, and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 34.0%. RCS analysis revealed that ALI exhibited a linear negative correlation with osteoporosis, and SII, SIRI, NLR, PIV, PLR, NLPR, NPAR exhibited linear positive correlations with sarcopenia (all P for nonlinearity &gt; 0.05). PNR and ALI demonstrated a negative nonlinear association with sarcopenia (all P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that sarcopenia was positively associated with osteoporosis (P&lt; 0.05). However, ALI (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00) showed inverse association with osteoporosis (P &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis also indicated that osteoporosis was positively associated with sarcopenia (P &lt; 0.05). The multivariable regression analysis showed hs-CRR (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05), SII (aOR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00), SIRI (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.13-1.93), PIV (aOR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00), NPAR (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.19), and NLR (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.38) showed positive associations with sarcopenia. Conversely, ALI (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) exhibited a inverse association with sarcopenia (P &lt; 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for ALI in identifying sarcopenia was 0.68. Mediation analysis showed that ALI mediated the statistical association between sarcopenia and osteoporosis with proportions (%) of 19.58.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Sarcopenia is positively ","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2407-2419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of urolithiasis in patients with primary aldosteronism: a large-scale retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Hsiang-Ying Lee, Shiow-Ing Wang, Yung-Shun Juan, Chun-Kai Chang, Sung Yong Cho, Wen-Jeng Wu, Vin-Cent Wu, Wei-Ming Li","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-02917-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-02917-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with various metabolic disturbances, including calcium metabolism disorders and acid-base imbalances. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between PA and urolithiasis; however, previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes and inconsistent findings. This study aims to investigate the association between PA and urinary stone formation using a large-scale real-world dataset.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database, which includes de-identified electronic health records from over 250 million individuals. Patients diagnosed with PA were identified based on ICD-10-CM and ICD-9-CM codes, and a propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort of PA and non-PA patients with hypertension was created. The primary outcome was the incidence of urolithiasis (kidney and urinary tract stones), identified using ICD-10-CM codes (N20-N23). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex, metabolic disorders, and renal function (eGFR ≥ 60 vs. <60 mL/min/1.73 m²).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10,578 PA patients and 7,897,605 non-PA patients were identified, with 10,577 matched pairs included in the final analysis after 1:1 propensity score matching. PA was associated with a significantly higher risk of urolithiasis compared to non-PA patients at 1-year (HR: 1.524, 95% CI: 1.238-1.877), 3-year (HR: 1.312, 95% CI: 1.120-1.537), 5-year (HR: 1.303, 95% CI: 1.130-1.502), and 7-year (HR: 1.269, 95% CI: 1.107-1.456) follow-ups. Subgroup analyses revealed that the increased risk of urolithiasis persisted across both sexes and was more pronounced in patients without metabolic disorders (HR: 1.826, 95% CI: 1.452-2.295).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate a significant association between PA and increased urolithiasis risk, independent of sex. These results highlight the clinical importance of urinary stone screening in patients with PA, particularly those with hypertension or unexplained metabolic abnormalities. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate whether targeted PA treatment could mitigate stone risk in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2315-2325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: mechanistic networks and translational implications: a review.","authors":"Xuejia Wang, Guangzhen Lu, Yingxue Zhou, Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-02891-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-02891-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is highly prevalent worldwide and may progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet effective pharmacological therapies remain limited. This review summarizes current evidence on the therapeutic potential and mechanistic basis of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We synthesize findings from preclinical models and clinical studies evaluating GLP-1RAs in MASLD/MASH, with emphasis on hepatic metabolic pathways, inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling, and gut-liver axis mechanisms, as well as outcomes from clinical trials and emerging multi-agonist strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical studies support the therapeutic relevance of GLP-1RAs in MASLD/MASH by demonstrating reductions in liver fat content, improvements in liver enzyme profiles, and favorable histologic changes, particularly with semaglutide and emerging multi-agonist therapies in selected populations. Preclinical and translational studies further suggest that these benefits may be mediated through integrated effects on hepatic lipid handling, oxidative and inflammatory stress, fibrogenic signaling, and the gut-liver axis, although the relative contribution of direct hepatic versus indirect systemic mechanisms remains incompletely resolved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current evidence supports an expanding role for GLP-1-based therapies in metabolic liver disease and provides a mechanistic framework for their continued development and clinical evaluation in MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2167-2189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial correspondence between altered brain function and normative neurotransmitter density maps in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Xueni Yang, Lianping Zhao, Yangqing He, Yujie Zhang, Wenting Hua, Jiancang Cao, Jing Tian, Yu Wang, Yue Zhang, Mengmeng Shang, Limin Tian","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-03036-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-026-03036-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with cognitive impairment, yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. While resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has revealed aberrant brain activity in T1DM, the spatial correlation between these functional alterations and normative neurotransmitter receptor/transporter distributions has not been systematically explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 43 T1DM patients and 52 well-matched healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent rs-fMRI and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. We analyzed spontaneous neural activity using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and inter-hemispheric functional coordination using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). The spatial correlation between brain activity patterns and normative neurotransmitter receptor/transporter distributions was assessed using the JuSpace toolbox.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, T1DM patients demonstrated poorer overall cognitive performance. Neuroimaging analyses revealed significantly decreased ALFF in the right thalamus and increased VMHC in the bilateral insula. More importantly, the ALFF reduction showed spatial overlap with the distributional regions of serotonergic (SERT), dopaminergic (D2, DAT), GABAergic (GABAa), opioid (MOR), glutamatergic (NMDA), and cholinergic (VAChT) systems. The VMHC increase showed spatial overlap with the distributional regions of the serotonergic system (SERT, 5-HT4). Most spatial associations were replicated across atlases, although the D2 and GABAa findings were not. Furthermore, right thalamic ALFF negatively correlated with HbA1c levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates spatial correspondences between T1DM-related brain functional alterations and normative distributions of multiple neurotransmitter receptors/transporters. The negative correlation between thalamic ALFF and HbA1c suggests an association between chronic hyperglycemia and local brain activity. These findings offer a novel perspective on the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary hormones and adipokines are associated with glycemic control and early renal and cardiometabolic markers in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Antonietta Robino, Gianluca Tornese, Luana Aldegheri, Roberto Franceschi, Enza Mozzillo, Francesca Di Candia, Camilla Morosini, Angela Zanfardino, Maurizio Delvecchio, Bruno Bombaci, Stefano Passanisi, Riccardo Bonfanti, Ivana Rabbone, Dario Iafusco, Eulalia Catamo","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-03038-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-03038-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is recognized as a complex metabolic condition associated with hormonal dysregulation and early complications. This study aimed to evaluate salivary metabolic hormones and adipokines in children and young adults with T1D, and to assess their association with early markers of metabolic and vascular complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected from 349 children and young adults with T1D, classified according to weight status. Salivary concentrations of metabolic hormones and adipokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with normal weight (NW) individuals, overweight/obese (OW) showed worse clinical outcomes, including higher HbA1c, lower eGFR, higher blood pressure, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and higher triglycerides. No differences in salivary hormone concentrations were observed according to weight status, while several hormones were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. HbA1c results inversely associated with ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (p-value = 0.009 and p-value = 0.027, respectively), and positively with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (p-value = 0.022). Renal function showed associations with ghrelin (p-value = 0.024), leptin (p-value <0.001), and visfatin (p-value = 0.002). Blood pressure was associated with ghrelin (p-value = 0.025) and leptin (p-value = 0.039), while lipid profile parameters were associated with ghrelin (HDL-C, p-value = 0.019) and glucagon (triglycerides, p-value = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Salivary metabolic hormones and adipokines are associated with early markers of metabolic and vascular dysfunction in young individuals with T1D, independently of weight status. These findings suggest a potential role for these biomarkers in early diabetes-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediabetes: diagnostic aspects, clinical features, and emerging therapeutic opportunities, with a focus on Vitamin D.","authors":"G Aimaretti, A Avogaro, R Buzzetti, R Candido, A Colao, G P Fadini, L Luzi, L Morviducci, N Napoli, A Giustina","doi":"10.1007/s40618-026-03026-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-03026-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prediabetes is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous condition associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and other cardiometabolic complications. Growing evidence suggests a potential role of vitamin D in glucose metabolism and diabetes prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a clinically oriented interpretation of the available evidence on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management of prediabetes, with a specific focus on the rationale and evidence supporting vitamin D supplementation in individuals at increased metabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary panel of Italian experts in endocrinology, diabetology, and metabolic diseases reviewed current guidelines, epidemiological studies, randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and recent consensus statements addressing prediabetes and vitamin D.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prediabetes is a dynamic and potentially reversible condition characterized by heterogeneous trajectories of progression, persistence, or regression. Lifestyle intervention remains the cornerstone of prevention. Vitamin D deficiency is common among individuals with prediabetes and may contribute to insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Clinical trials and meta-analyses suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of progression to T2DM and increase the likelihood of regression to normoglycemia, particularly in individuals with vitamin D deficiency or high metabolic risk, although treatment effects remain heterogeneous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the growing clinical and public health burden of prediabetes, early identification and personalized preventive strategies are needed. Current evidence supports consideration of vitamin D supplementation as a complementary intervention in selected high-risk individuals with documented deficiency, while further studies are required to better define optimal treatment targets and patient selection criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}