Journal of Endocrinological Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of iodine supplementation on thyroid function in children with mild congenital hypothyroidism and non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism.","authors":"Caterina Di Cosmo, Luisa Pignata, Brunella Bagattini, Patrizia Agretti, Giuseppina De Marco, Eleonora Ferrarini, Ferruccio Santini, Lucia Montanelli, Massimo Tonacchera","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02718-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02718-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The role of iodine treatment in congenital and acquired non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) remains unclear, although it has been demonstrated that iodine can improve thyroid function in some dyshormonogenetic defects. We aimed to evaluate the effect of iodine administration in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with gland in situ (GIS) and non-autoimmune SH diagnosed during childhood.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>13 children with CH and GIS and 19 with non-autoimmune SH (7 females, 25 males; median age 10 years) were given iodine for 9 months at increasing doses from 50 µg/day to 150 µg/day, after stopping levothyroxine (LT4), when taken. 4 children had DUOX2 mutations, whereas the etiology was unknown in the remaining cases. Thyroid hormones, anti-thyroid antibodies and ultrasound were evaluated every 3 months for 12 months and then after 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At increasing of the daily iodine dose, there was in both groups a slight progressive increase in TSH, that became statistically significant only after 150 µg/day, both in the SH group (p 0.044) and in the whole group (p 0.015). The other parameters did not change with treatment. No children developed thyroid autoimmunity, even one year after iodine withdrawal, and iodine treatment did not modify the course of disease as shown by follow-up data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows a failure of physiological doses of iodine to improve mild CH with GIS and idiopathic SH. The increase of serum TSH during treatment may reflect the spontaneous course of the disease in children rather than a detrimental effect of iodine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma proteomics reveals potential biomarkers for the preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.","authors":"Jinheng Xiao, Ming Cui, Qingyuan Zheng, Sen Yang, Tianqi Chen, Surong Hua, Ya Hu, Quan Liao","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02701-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02701-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Experts' consensus on the management and treatment of individuals with X-linked hypophosphatemia across lifespan.","authors":"Giampiero Igli Baroncelli, Marco Barale, Maria Luisa Brandi, Valentina Camozzi, Silvia Carrara, Manuela Caruso Nicoletti, Elena Castellano, Filomena Cetani, Pasquale Comberiati, Natascia Di Iorgi, Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Francesco Emma, Danilo Fintini, Sandro Giannini, Laura Gianotti, Anna Grandone, Giorgia Grassi, Stefano Mora, Andrea Palermo, Francesca Pigliaru, Marco Pitea, Massimo Procopio, Vincenzo Rochira, Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, Barbara Ruggiero, Stefano Stagi, Giuseppe Vezzoli, Sabrina Corbetta","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02703-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02703-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the secretory profile of gonadotroph pituitary tumors.","authors":"Anna Lucia Carretti, Mirela Diana Ilie, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Véronique Raverot, Camilla Virili, Marie-Lise Jaffrain-Rea, Emmanuel Jouanneau, Gérald Raverot","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02721-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02721-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Gonadotroph pituitary tumors (GnPiT) represent 70-75% of clinically non-functioning tumors in surgical series. Their proportion has increased with the diagnostic use of transcription factors in addition to gonadotropin immunostaining, but the prevalence of functioning cases has not been re-evaluated. The aim is to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date characterization of GnPiT, including pathological subtyping and search for whispering/functioning cases (^w/fGnPiT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center retrospective study of patients who received a pathological diagnosis of GnPiT between 2020 and 2022. Clinical, hormonal, and pathological data were analyzed according to sex and age, with short-term post-operative re-evaluation. Histological subtypes were defined according to hormone immunostaining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>151 patients (103 M, 48 F) were studied. The diagnosis was incidental in 72 cases (48.0%). Age distribution at diagnosis was normal in males (median 63 years (25-89)), and bimodal in females (median age 58 years (26-84)). A single case of overt hyperfunction, revealed by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, occurred. The prevalence of likely ^w/fGnPiT was estimated at 6.0% (M: 7.7%, F: 2.1%) including nine cases showing characteristics consistent with pre-operative mild hormone secretion (1 F, 8 M). FSH hypersecretion was predominant, all but two ^w/fGnPiT had FSH/LH immunostaining. FSH/LH tumors were also the most prevalent in the whole series (63.6%) followed by FSH-, LH- and hormone-negative cases (27.1%, 4.0% and 5.3%, respectively). No significant differences in macroscopic or pathological characteristics were found among pathological subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinically relevant hypersecretion remains uncommon in GnPiT but may be under-evaluated. No significant differences in tumor behavior emerged among pathological subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 6-month treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on 24-hour energy metabolism and body composition in adults with obesity.","authors":"Alessio Basolo, Giordano Paolucci, Paolo Piaggi, Valentina Angeli, Susanna Bechi Genzano, Paola Fierabracci, Edda Vignali, Chiara Bologna, Guido Salvetti, Luca Chiovato, Andrea Natali, Jonathan Krakoff, Alberto Landi, Ferruccio Santini","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02717-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02717-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are effective drugs for weight loss and management of obesity-related comorbidities. Their role in 24-hour energy metabolism remains unclear. This study evaluated the effect of liraglutide treatment on 24-hour energy metabolism and body composition in a real-life clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study enrolled 11 patients with obesity (8 females; mean age 49 ± 9 years; weight 103 ± 18 kg) treated with liraglutide for 6 months at clinically titrated doses at the Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, University Hospital of Pisa. Measurements of 24-hour energy expenditure (24hEE), 24-hour sleeping metabolic rate (24hSMR), and substrate oxidation (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) were obtained via whole-room indirect calorimetry prior to start the therapy (V1) and after 6 months (V2). Body composition was assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) at V1 and V2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At V2, participants showed significant weight loss (- 10.5 kg, p < 0.001), primarily driven by a decrease in total fat mass (- 8.7 kg, p < 0.001), with a marked reduction in trunk fat mass (- 5.1 kg, p < 0.001). A modest yet statistically significant reduction in total lean soft tissue was also observed (- 1.7 kg, p = 0.02). No changes in 24hEE and 24hSMR could be detected. Fat oxidation increased (+ 352 kcal/d, p = 0.03), while carbohydrate oxidation decreased (- 422 kcal/d, p = 0.003), and protein oxidation remained stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liraglutide induces significant weight loss in patients with obesity, primarily through fat mass reduction, while largely preserving lean soft tissue. These changes are accompanied by a shift toward fat oxidation, without relevant variations in 24hEE.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in endocrine practice: comparing ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude for adrenal incidentaloma care.","authors":"Özge Baş Aksu, Rıfat Furkan Aydın, Asena Gökçay Canpolat, Özgür Demir, Mustafa Şahin, Rıfat Emral, Sevim Güllü","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02715-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02715-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The clinical use of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding in endocrinology, yet the performance of large language models (LLMs) in managing adrenal incidentalomas remains uncertain. To compare the performance of four LLMs-ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-o1, Google Gemini 2.0, and Claude 3.5-on guideline-based queries and clinical scenarios involving adrenal incidentalomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 34 guideline-derived questions and four case scenarios were presented to the LLMs, covering diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, patient questions, and clinical cases. Six endocrinologists evaluated responses using Likert scales assessing hallucination tendency, quality, usability, reliability, and accuracy. Readability metrics and word counts were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found between models in diagnosis (p = 0.86-0.72), treatment and follow-up (p = 0.46-0.10), and patient question (p = 0.78-0.10) categories. However, in complex cases, ChatGPT-4o outperformed ChatGPT-o1 with higher scores in hallucination control (6.5 ± 0.8 vs. 4.8 ± 0.8), quality (6.2 ± 0.8 vs. 5.0 ± 0.6), and usability (4.5 ± 0.8 vs. 3.3 ± 0.5) (all p < 0.05). Readability analysis revealed high text complexity (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 10.6-17.4), and inter-rater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.876-0.961, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LLMs show potential as decision-support tools in adrenal incidentaloma management. While their performance is comparable in routine tasks, significant differences arise in complex cases, highlighting the need for model selection, human oversight, and attention to readability in endocrine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-dependent changes in serum kisspeptin and irisin levels across the menstrual cycle in healthy women.","authors":"Sermin Algul, Busra Alp Erdogan, Erbil Karaman, Oguz Ozcelik","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02716-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02716-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The menstrual cycle is a complex biological process regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, resulting in cyclical hormonal changes that affect various physiological systems. Irisin, a myokine linked to energy metabolism, and kisspeptin, a key regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, are emerging as essential modulators of reproductive function. This study evaluated phase-specific changes in serum irisin and kisspeptin levels and their associations with food intake during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 21 women with regular menstrual cycles were included. Fasting blood samples were collected during the follicular, luteal, and menstrual phases. Serum irisin and kisspeptin-1 levels were measured using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrated significant phase-dependent fluctuations in both hormones (p < 0.05). Notably, irisin and kisspeptin levels were lowest during the menstrual phase and peaked in the luteal phase. Moreover, a moderate positive correlation between irisin and kisspeptin was observed in the follicular phase (r = 0.453, p < 0.05), whereas moderate negative correlations were found during the luteal and menstrual phases. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay between energy metabolism and reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The observed associations suggest that irisin and kisspeptin may jointly contribute to the hormonal regulation of female reproductive physiology. This study provides novel insights that may enhance our understanding of the endocrine mechanisms underlying menstrual cycle regulation and female reproductive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulvodynia: still a dramatically neglected condition. A position statement on pathogenetic mechanisms from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS).","authors":"Biagio Cangiano, Sarah Cipriani, Silvia Federici, Erika Limoncin, Marianna Minnetti, Irene Scavello, Nunzia Verde, Rosario Pivonello, Linda Vignozzi, Jeff Kiesner, Emmanuele A Jannini, Elisa Maseroli","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02707-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02707-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of timing, type, and intensity of physical activity on glycemic outcomes in a cohort of well-controlled youth with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Roberto Codella, Ambra Bisio, Marta Bassi, Nicola Minuto, Emilio Vichi, Daniel Gotti, Piero Ruggeri, Davide Maggi, Emanuela Faelli","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02690-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02690-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate how the timing, type, and intensity of bout-related physical activity (PA) influence glycemic control across age groups in youths and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 100 insulin pump-treated individuals with T1D (55 females; mean age 16.6 ± 6.6 years; HbA1c 6.8 ± 1.0%) were monitored for 7 days using self-reported training logs and continuous glucose monitoring. Participants were categorized by age (< 14, 14-17, 18-31 years) and by exercise timing (morning, afternoon, evening), type (aerobic, anaerobic, mixed), and intensity (low, medium, high). Glycemic variables included mean glucose, time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), time in level 2 hypoglycemia, time above range (TAR), time > 250 mg/dL, and total daily insulin dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exercise timing and intensity had greater effects on glycemic outcomes than exercise type. Afternoon activity was associated with improved TIR and reduced TAR in younger participants, whereas morning exercise in adolescents was linked to higher TBR. Higher-intensity exercise was associated with greater TAR in adolescents whereas no significant differences in glycemic outcomes were found by exercise type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The timing and intensity of exercise significantly influence glycemic responses in youths with T1D, with notable age-related differences. Personalized PA recommendations should consider these factors to optimize glycemic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone in acneiform eruptions: evidence from a rat model of acromegaly.","authors":"Mengjie Fan, Yangfan Lai, Xiaoyao Fan, Yichang Yuan, Jin Chen, Yanzhuo Hu, Ye Liu, Min He, Meiyan Liu, Hongying Ye, Zhaoyun Zhang, Yongfei Wang, Leihong Xiang, Zhengyuan Chen, Ying Ma","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02692-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02692-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acne, a chronic inflammatory disease, is influenced by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Acromegaly, characterized by excessive growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1, is associated with a higher prevalence of acne, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms why patients with acromegaly are more susceptible to acne, especially refractory acne.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An acromegaly rat model was established via biweekly long-acting recombinant human GH (rhGH) injections for eight weeks. Serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and glucose were measured, and skin pathology was examined. Immunohistochemistry, transcriptomics, and proteomics were performed to explore molecular pathways, with RT-qPCR and western blot validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum GH and IGF-1 levels significantly increased from week 3 and remained elevated throughout the study in the rhGH-treated group. Acneiform lesions, including epidermal hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, and dermal thickening, were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulation of IGF-1, IGF-1R, SREBP1, and IL-1β. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified 1,112 differentially expressed genes and 440 differentially expressed proteins, underscoring the activation of inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt pathways. Significant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) was observed in both transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic GH stimulation leads to persistent IGF-1 elevation, promoting acne by increasing IGF-1R expression and disrupting ECM remodeling via PI3K/Akt-regulated MMPs and TIMP-1. These findings help clarify the link between acromegaly and acne and provide mechanistic insights into the role of IGF-1 in acne pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}