Journal of Endocrinological Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between cognitive impairment and brain white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with prolactinoma.","authors":"Mustafa Duru, Ahmet Numan Demir, Ahmet Oz, Osman Aykan Kargin, Ali Tarik Altunc, Oznur Demirel, Serdar Arslan, Osman Kizilkilic, Burc Cagri Poyraz, Pinar Kadioglu","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02442-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-024-02442-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment is known to occur in patients with prolactinoma, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate cognitive function in patients with prolactinoma and to investigate the basis of possible cognitive impairment in brain white matter changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>37 consecutive patients with prolactinoma and 37 healthy controls of similar age, sex, and education were enrolled in the study. Hormone levels were determined in all participants, comprehensive neuropsychological testing was performed, and DTI was used to reconstruct and evaluate white matter tracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with prolactinoma, short- and long-term visual and verbal memory, attention, concentration, and executive and language functions were impaired compared to the healthy group. When comparing the DTI results, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values were found in the patients' right uncinate fasciculus (R-UF), indicating neuronal damage. After applying the Bonferroni correction, the two groups had no significant difference in 42 tracts (p > 0.0012 for all). A positive correlation was found between poor FA scores on the R-UF and low scores on long-term memory, category and letter fluency tests. In addition, patients with hypoprolactinemia had the worst short-term memory scores, while normoprolactinemia had the best scores. Also, the poorer R-UF FA values were found in the patients with hypoprolactinemia and the highest in those with normoprolactinemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to investigate reasons for cognitive dysfunction in patients with prolactinoma by DTI. No significant structural changes were found in brain tracts of patients with prolactinoma. Still, there may be a link between potential damage in the R-UF and cognitive dysfunction, and further research is needed. In addition, the results showed that the development of hypoprolactinemia is associated with cognitive dysfunction and emphasized that overtreatment should be avoided.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with osteoporosis and fractures: why, when and how.","authors":"Roberta Giordano, Mirko Parasiliti Caprino, Paola Loli, Andrea Giustina","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02450-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02450-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal comorbidities are frequent and clinically relevant findings in Cushing's syndrome (CS) since an uncoupled suppressed bone formation and enhanced bone resorption leads to a marked skeletal damage with a rapid increase of fracture risk. Reduced Bone Mineral Density (BMD) has been consistently reported and osteopenia or osteoporosis are typical findings in patients with CS. Vertebral Fractures (VFs) are frequently reported and may occur even in patients with an only mild reduction of BMD. Since CS is diagnosed late due to often difficult biochemical and radiological confirmation as well as to signs and symptoms common in other much more frequent diseases an approach suggested for overcoming underdiagnosis is to screen patients with manifestations which may overlap with those of CS such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Our review will focus on the rationale and best practice for screening osteoporotic patients for CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of telecytology for the evaluation of thyroid nodules fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens: a systematic review.","authors":"V Oteri, S Piane, E Cocci","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02378-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02378-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is currently the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules, but the growing need for anatomic pathology services in small communities is becoming a challenge. Telecytology (TC) is defined as the electronic transmission of cytological digital images, and allows for the collection of samples, primary diagnosis, and other applications without the physical presence of a pathologist. Our aim is to systematically report, summarize, and critically analyze the most up to date applications of TC to thyroid nodules FNAB evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Only studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included. Data were extracted using the PICO framework and critically analyzed. PRISMA guidelines were applied, and the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tools. The methodological quality was assessed following GRADE criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 13 observational studies, resulting in a total of 3856 evaluated FNAB specimens. The majority of studies (63.6%) showed an excellent concordance rate of diagnosis via TC and conventional cytology. TC can be used to perform preliminary assessment of samples with a concordance rate ranging from 74 and 100%, showing a significant reduction of the non-diagnostic rate. Image quality was referred to as perfect or nearly perfect in most cases, regardless of telecytology technique.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Telecytology could be a valuable implementation for thyroid FNAB evaluation both for primary diagnosis and preliminary assessment of samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2397-2406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11393276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pituitary function and metabolic parameters in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures.","authors":"O O Daloglu, M C Unal, C A Kemaloglu, O F Bolatturk, I Ozyazgan, F Tanriverdi, A Coruh, F Kelestimur","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02349-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02349-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was designed to assess the pituitary functions of patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures and compare the results with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty patients (mean age, 38.14 ± 14.15 years; twenty-six male, four female) with a traumatic maxillofacial fracture at least 12 months ago (mean 27.5 ± 6.5 months) and thirty healthy controls (mean age, 42.77 ± 11.36 years; twenty-five male, five female) were included. None of the patients were unconscious following head trauma, and none required hospitalization in intensive care. Basal pituitary hormone levels of the patients were evaluated. All patients and controls had a glucagon stimulation test and an ACTH stimulation test to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the GH-IGF-1 axis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five of thirty patients (16.6%) had isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency based on a glucagon stimulation test (GST). The mean peak GH level after GST in patients with hypopituitarism (0.54 ng/ml) was significantly lower than those without hypopituitarism (7.01 ng/ml) and healthy controls (11.70 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). No anterior pituitary hormone deficiency was found in the patients, except for GH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study is the first to evaluate the presence of hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures. Preliminary findings suggest that hypopituitarism and GH deficiency pose significant risks to these patients, particularly during the chronic phase of their trauma. However, these findings need to be validated in larger scale prospective studies with more patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2477-2485"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11392989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of diagnostic algorithm for Cushing's syndrome: a tertiary centre experience.","authors":"A Efthymiadis, H Loo, B Shine, T James, B Keevil, J W Tomlinson, A Pal, R Pofi","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02354-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02354-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>No consensus exists as the gold standard for Cushing's Syndrome (CS) screening. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and utility of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) and cortisone (LNSE), overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ODST), and urinary free cortisol (UFC) in developing a screening algorithm for CS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, single-centre analysis on 93 adult patients referred to the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism for CS evaluation (2017-2022). Data were analysed using binomial logistic regression and area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-three patients were diagnosed with CS. LNSC (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 64.9%, AUC 0.76), LNSE (sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 85.7%, AUC 0.79), and ODST (sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 52.1%; AUC 0.74) demonstrated comparable effectiveness for CS diagnosis. Their combined application increased diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.91). UFC was not statistically significant. Pre-test clinical symptom inclusion improved screening test performance (AUC LNSC: 0.83; LNSE: 0.84; ODST: 0.82). For CD diagnosis, LNSE + LNSC (AUC 0.95) outperformed ODST. Combining these with ACTH levels < 12.6 pmol/L perfectly distinguished MACS (AUC 1.00). ODST (AUC 0.76) exhibited superior performance (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 52.2%) in MACS detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LNSC, LNSE, and ODST are robust tools for CS screening, with their combined use offering the highest diagnostic precision. LNSE, especially when used with LNSC, is highly effective for CD diagnosis, exceeding ODST accuracy. ODST is preferable for MACS identification. Integrating ACTH levels markedly improves differentiation between CD and MACS. Conversely, UFC shows limited diagnostic utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2449-2459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11393038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authorship of Italian medical literature on neuroendocrine neoplasms: any gender gap?","authors":"R E Rossi, A La Salvia, R Modica, F Spada","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02347-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02347-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While males have dominated the physician lines over the last decades the recent female doctors' number increasing might progressively reduce this gender gap. This might be not fully true in the academic/research area. We aimed to analyze the gender distribution of first/senior Italian authors on neuroendocrine neoplasm papers published on peer reviewed journals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publications from January 2019 to September 2023 were reviewed; only papers with first and/or senior Italian authors were included. First/senior author gender, type of article, co-authorship with foreign authors were the variable analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>742 papers with Italian first and/or senior authors were retrieved, 449 (60.5%) multicentric, 285 (38.4%) original articles. A female author was first and senior author in 386/742 (52%) and in 228/742 (31%) papers, respectively. 150 (20.2%) papers included foreign coauthors, being an Italian female researcher first author in 50 papers (33%), senior author in 28 (18.6%). The number of Italian female first/senior authors has been increasing over the years (22 in 2019, 113 in 2022; 16 in 2019, 62 in 2022, respectively). The first/senior female authors were mainly Oncologists/Endocrinologists/Pathologists rather than Gastroenterologists/Nuclear Medicine doctors/Surgeons/Radiologists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There has been an increase in the prevalence of female authorship of published research in the neuroendocrine setting over the last 5 years, which partially reflects the current distributions in this field, taking into account that several specialties with different gender distribution are involved. However, senior authorship continues to be primarily men. Efforts should be made to improve proportionate gender representation in both clinical and academic/research setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2587-2593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a diagnostic model for pre-washout screening of primary aldosteronism.","authors":"Q Wang, H Dong, H-W Li, Z-H Zheng, Y-Z Liu, Y-H Hua, Y-J Xiong, H-M Zhang, L Song, Y-B Zou, X-J Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02337-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02337-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Primary aldosteronism (PA) diagnosis is affected by antihypertensive drugs that are commonly taken by patients with suspected PA. In this study, we developed and validated a diagnostic model for screening PA without drug washout.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 1095 patients diagnosed with PA or essential hypertension. Patients were randomly grouped into training and validation sets at a 7:3 ratio. Baseline characteristics, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and direct renin concentration (DRC) before and after drug washout were separately recorded, and the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PAC and ARR were higher and direct renin concentration was lower in patients with PA than in patients with essential hypertension. Furthermore, the differences in blood potassium and sodium concentrations and hypertension grades between the two groups were significant. Using the abbreviations potassium (P), ARR (A), PAC (P), sodium (S), and hypertension grade 3 (3), the model was named PAPS₃. The PAPS₃ model had a maximum score of 10, with the cutoff value assigned as 5.5; it showed high sensitivity and specificity for screening PA in patients who exhibit difficulty in tolerating drug washout.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PA screening remains crucial, and standard guidelines should be followed for patients to tolerate washout. The PAPS₃ model offers an alternative to minimize risks and enhance diagnostic efficiency in PA for those facing washout challenges. Despite its high accuracy, further validation of this model is warranted through large-scale clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2539-2550"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11393003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucocorticoid treatment and adrenal suppression in children: current view and open issues.","authors":"Nicola Improda, Laura Chioma, Donatella Capalbo, Carla Bizzarri, Mariacarolina Salerno","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02461-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-024-02461-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used for several acute and chronic pediatric diseases. However, chronic treatment may result in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysfunction. Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency (GI-AI) is indeed the most frequent cause of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in children, possibly resulting in a life-threatening event such as adrenal crisis (AC). It is generally underestimated, especially when using non-systemic glucocorticoid formulations. This review aims at summarizing current evidence on the effects of long-term GC treatment on the HPA axis, management of GC tapering and assessment of the HPA recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a narrative review of the relevant literature focusing on pathogenic mechanisms, predictive factors, diagnosis and treatment of GI-AI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All types of GCs, whatever the route of administration, may have suppressive effects on the HPA axis, especially when compounds with higher potency and long half-life are used. Moreover, chronic GC administration is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children. In order to overcome the risk of GI-AI, slow withdrawal of GCs is necessary. When approaching the replacement dose, it is recommended to switch to shorter half-life formulations such as hydrocortisone. Assessment of HPA axis recovery with basal and stimulated cortisol levels may help detecting children at risk of AC that may require hydrocortisone supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The management of GI-AI in children is challenging and many areas of uncertainty remain. Improving the knowledge on long-term GC effects on HPA in children, the management of steroid discontinuation and emergency dosing may help preventing GI-AI symptoms and acute hospital admission for AC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiles of ovariectomized mice and their associations with body composition and frailty-related parameters in postmenopausal women.","authors":"S J Kim, Y Jo, S J Park, E Ji, J Y Lee, E Choi, J-Y Baek, I Y Jang, H-W Jung, K Kim, D Ryu, H J Yoo, B-J Kim","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02338-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02338-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Menopause, a dramatical estrogen-deficient condition, is considered the most significant milestone in women's health.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the metabolite changes attributed to estrogen deficiency using random forest (RF)-based machine learning (ML) modeling strategy in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as well as determine the clinical relevance of selected metabolites in older women.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses revealed that metabolites related to TCA cycle, sphingolipids, phospholipids, fatty acids, and amino acids, were significantly changed in the plasma and/or muscle of OVX mice. Subsequent ML classifiers based on RF algorithm selected alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), arginine, carnosine, ceramide C24, phosphatidylcholine (PC) aa C36:6, and PC ae C42:3 in plasma as well as PC aa 34:1, PC aa C34:3, PC aa C36:5, PC aa C32:1, PC aa C36:2, and sphingosine in muscle as top featured metabolites that differentiate the OVX mice from the sham-operated group. When circulating levels of AKG, arginine, and carnosine, which showed the most significant changes in OVX mice blood, were measured in postmenopausal women, higher plasma AKG levels were associated with lower bone mass, weak grip strength, poor physical performance, and increased frailty risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metabolomics- and ML-based methods identified the key metabolites of blood and muscle that were significantly changed after ovariectomy in mice, and the clinical implication of several metabolites was investigated by looking at their correlation with body composition and frailty-related parameters in postmenopausal women. These findings provide crucial context for understanding the diverse physiological alterations caused by estrogen deficiency in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2551-2563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140140934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrinology application of molecular imaging: current role of PET/CT.","authors":"L Calderoni, L Giovanella, S Fanti","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02400-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02400-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, nuclear medicine imaging methods have proven to be of paramount importance in a wide variety of diseases, particularly in oncology, where they are crucial for assessing the extent of disease when conventional methods fall short. Moreover, nuclear imaging modalities are able to better characterize lesions using target agents related to specific pathways (e.g. glucose metabolism, cellular proliferation, amino acid transport, lipid metabolism, specific receptor ligands). The clinical presentation of endocrine diseases encompasses a broad spectrum of sign and symptoms. Moreover, endocrine tumors show varying degrees of aggressiveness from well differentiated and indolent to highly aggressive cancers, respectively.</p><p><strong>Rationale: </strong>With the application of new medicinal radio-compounds and increasingly advanced tomographic imaging technology, the utility of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in the field of endocrine diseases is expanding.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This review aims to analyze and summarize the primary indications of PET/CT, providing a practical approach for clinicians. A comprehensive literature search on PubMed was conducted to provide an updated overview of the available evidence regarding the use of PET/CT in endocrinology. Within this review, we will discuss the applications of PET/CT, compare different radiopharmaceuticals and highlight the uptake mechanism, excluding neuroendocrine carcinomas from discussion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PET/CT is a valuable tool in diagnosing and managing endocrine disorders due to its capacity to furnish both functional and anatomical information, facilitate early lesion detection, guide treatment decisions, and monitor treatment response. Its non-invasive nature and precision make it an integral component of modern endocrine healthcare. This review aims to provide physicians with a clear perspective on the role of PET/CT imaging, discussing its emerging opportunities and appropriateness of use in endocrinological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"2383-2396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11393017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}