Journal of Endocrinological Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Effect of docosahexaenoic acid as an anti-inflammatory for Caco-2 cells and modulating agent for gut microbiota in children with obesity (the DAMOCLE study).","authors":"C Lammi, E Ottaviano, G Fiore, C Bollati, L d'Adduzio, M Fanzaga, C Ceccarani, S Vizzuso, G Zuccotti, E Borghi, E Verduci","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02444-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02444-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. We investigated the dual health ability of DHA to modulate gut microbiota in children with obesity and to exert anti-inflammatory activity on human intestinal Caco-2 cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a pilot study involving 18 obese children (8-14 years), participants received a daily DHA supplement (500 mg/day) and dietary intervention from baseline (T0) to 4 months (T1), followed by dietary intervention alone from 4 months (T1) to 8 months (T2). Fecal samples, anthropometry, biochemicals and dietary assessment were collected at each timepoint. At preclinical level, we evaluated DHA's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on Caco-2 cells stimulated with Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), by measuring also Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and cytokines, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten children were included in final analysis. No major changes were observed for anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and participants showed a low dietary compliance at T1 and T2. DHA supplementation restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio that was conserved also after the DHA discontinuation at T2. DHA supplementation drove a depletion in Ruminococcaceae and Dialisteraceae, and enrichment in Bacteroidaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Akkermansiaceae. At genus level, Allisonella was the most decreased by DHA supplementation. In Caco-2 cells, DHA decreased H₂O₂-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production via iNOS pathway modulation. Additionally, DHA modulated proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine production in LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An improvement in gut dysbiosis of children with obesity seems to be triggered by DHA and to continue after discontinuation. The ability to modulate gut microbiota, matches also with an anti-inflammatory effect of DHA on Caco-2 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"465-481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative outcomes of systemic diseases in people with type 2 diabetes, or obesity alone treated with and without GLP-1 receptor agonists: a retrospective cohort study from the Global Collaborative Network : Author list.","authors":"Mahmoud Nassar, Omar Nassar, Hazem Abosheaishaa, Anoop Misra","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02466-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02466-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Despite their recognized benefits in glycemic control and weight management, their impact on broader systemic has been less explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of GLP-1RAs on a variety of systemic diseases in people with T2D or obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Global Collaborative Network, accessed through the TriNetX analytics platform. The study comprised two primary groups: individuals with T2D and those with obesity. Each group was further divided into subgroups based on whether they received GLP-1RA treatment or not. Data were analyzed over more than a 5-year follow-up period, comparing incidences of systemic diseases; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ulcerative colitis (UC), crohn's disease (CD), alzheimer's disease (AD), parkinson's disease (PD), dementia, bronchial asthma (BA), osteoporosis, and several cancers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the T2D cohorts, GLP-1RA treatment was associated with significantly lower incidences of several systemic and metabolic conditions as compared to those without GLP-1RA, specifically, dementia (Risk Difference (RD): -0.010, p < 0.001), AD (RD: -0.003, p < 0.001), PD (RD: -0.002, p < 0.001), and pancreatic cancer (RD: -0.003, p < 0.001). SLE and SS also saw statistically significant reductions, though the differences were minor in magnitude (RD: -0.001 and - 0.000 respectively, p < 0.001 for both). Conversely, BA a showed a slight increase in risk (RD: 0.002, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLP-1RAs demonstrate potential benefits in reducing the risk of several systemic conditions in people with T2D or obesity. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these effects fully and understand the mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"483-497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional aspects in neuroendocrine neoplasms. bridging the gap between dietary interventions and cancer care strategies: a scoping review.","authors":"Sara Massironi, Francesco Panzuto, Alessandra Zilli, Maria Rinzivillo, Ambra Ciliberto, Elena Romano, Silvio Danese, Alessandro Laviano","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02462-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02462-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent heterogeneous tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells in different organs. Despite growing interest in the nutritional aspects of NEN management, research in this area is limited. Aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge, highlight research gaps, and underscore the significance of nutrition in the comprehensive care of NEN patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an extensive bibliographic search focusing on studies (including retrospective and prospective studies, systematic reviews, case series, and guidelines) exploring the relationship between nutritional assessments, dietary interventions, micronutrient deficiencies, and their impact on NEN outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant gaps exist in current research, particularly in understanding the specific nutritional needs of NEN patients and how tailored nutritional interventions can improve clinical outcomes. Evidence suggests that a high-fat Western diet may promote the growth of NEN, while a Mediterranean diet may help lower insulin levels and strengthen the immune system, potentially preventing tumor development. The ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting may also have positive impacts. Addressing common micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin D and niacin, is crucial to mitigate disease progression. There's a crucial need for future studies to include a comprehensive nutritional assessment incorporating patient-reported outcomes, to fully capture the impact of nutritional strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutritional management, an important but under-researched facet of NEN treatment, significantly improves patients' quality of life and survival. Integrating nutrition into personalized cancer care is essential, highlighting the role of nutritional strategies in optimizing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"269-281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography (CT)-based osteosarcopenia evaluation during chest CT scans.","authors":"Rongzhou Wang, Hongye Tang, Jiangchuan Wang, Xiao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02433-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02433-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"501-502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pannexin-1 regulation of ATP release promotes the invasion of pituitary adenoma.","authors":"HuaChun Yin, XiaoShuang Tang, YuYang Peng, HuiZhong Wen, Hui Yang, Song Li, Xin Zheng, Ying Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02445-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02445-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pannexin-1 (PANX1) channel participates in the development and progression of many tumor types, however, its role of PANX1 in invasive pituitary adenoma (PA) remains unknown. The current study was designed to investigate the role of PANX1 in invasion of PA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the expression of PANX1 in 116 surgical invasion and non-invasion PA samples (60 for bulk transcriptome and 56 for immunohistochemistry). The effects of PANX1 on PA growth were assessed in vitro and xenograft models. Meanwhile, the metabolism changes of PA cells are explored via transcriptomics and metabolomics using integration strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PANX1 is significantly upregulated in invasive PA compared with noninvasive PA and pituitary gland, and have a potential diagnostic signature for invasive PA. Accordingly, overexpression of PANX1 could promote the proliferation and invasion of GH3 and MMQ cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Further metabolomics results confirme that overexpression of PANX1 could trigger changes in several metabolic pathways of GH3 cells. Among the dysregulated cellular metabolites, decreased intracellular ATP suggeste that PANX1 may promote the invasion of PA through impacting extracellular ATP concentration. Mechanistically, extracellular ATP might promote Ca²⁺ influx and upregulated the expression of MMP2/9 by activating P2X7R. Additionally, PANX1-ATP-P2 X7R signaling pathway might enhance GH3 cell invasion by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings point to a pivotal role of PANX1 in promoting PA invasion, which indicated a potential therapeutic target for invasive PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"317-332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Was the painter's model for Hercules an acromegalic giant?","authors":"Francesco Trimarchi, Enio Martino","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02514-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02514-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"503-505"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single bout of physical exercise improves 1-hour post-load plasma glucose in healthy young adults.","authors":"Simona Moffa, Gian Pio Sorice, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Francesca Cinti, Gea Ciccarelli, Laura Soldovieri, Michela Brunetti, Rebecca Sonnino, Enrico C Nista, Antonio Gasbarrini, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Teresa Mezza, Andrea Giaccari","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02438-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02438-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Physical exercise is a key component in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy glucose metabolism even in healthy subjects. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of a single bout of aerobic physical exercise on glucose metabolism in young, moderately active, healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an OGTT 7 days before and 24 h after a single bout of physical exercise, to evaluate 1-hour post-load plasma glucose and surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glucose levels were significantly reduced after exercise at baseline and one hour after glucose load; similarly, insulin was significantly lower 1 h after glucose load. We found a significant increase in the Matsuda index, confirmed by OGIS index, QUICKI index, and by significant reduction in HOMA-IR. Conversely, we observed a trend to increase in HOMA-B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to evaluate the effect of a single bout of exercise on 1-hour glucose levels following OGTT. We found a significant reduction in 1-hour glucose levels following OGTT together with an increased insulin sensitivity. A single 30-minute bout of aerobic exercise also seemed to improve the insulin secretion pattern. Modifications in beta cell secretory capacity during exercise are likely secondary to an improvement in insulin action in insulin dependent tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"455-464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ccfDNA analysis for the classification of adrenocortical adenomas.","authors":"Mengjie Xu, David S Tourigny, Juliane Lippert, Ana Crastin, Silke Appenzeller, Miriam Asia, Oskar Podstawka, Gabrielle Smith, Yasir S Elhassan, Kassiani Skordilis, Alessandro Prete, Cristina L Ronchi","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02540-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02540-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Somatic alterations are commonly observed in adrenocortical adenomas including cortisol-producing (CPA) [overt Cushing syndrome (CS) or mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS)], aldosterone-producing (APA), and non-functioning (NFAT) tumors. We tested whether somatic variants could be detected in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) from patients with adenomas and potentially contribute to management strategies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We investigated 44 patients (17 CPA-MACS, 9 CPA-CS, 12 APA, and 6 NFAT). 23 healthy subjects (HS) served as controls. ccfDNA was extracted from blood samples and quantified with fluorimeter. Tumor DNA (T-DNA) was isolated from paraffin embedded tissue in 17/44 cases. Matched ccfDNA/T-DNA were sequenced using a customized panel including 32 genes. Leucocyte DNA was used to filter out germline variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with adenomas had higher total ccfDNA concentrations than HS [median 0.12 (IQR 0.05-0.19) vs. 0.05 (0.00-0.08) ng/µl, P < 0.001], with CPA-CS showing the highest ccfDNA levels [0.18 (0.05-0.47) ng/µl]. Within T-DNA, somatic variants were identified in 53% of adenomas: PRKACA in 2/7 CPA-CS, CTNNB1 in 3/5 CPA-MACS and 1/7 CPA-CS, KCNJ5 in 2/5 APA and CACNA1D in 1/5 APA. Somatic mutations were not detected in any of the investigated ccfDNA samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Total ccfDNA concentrations are higher in patients with CPA-CS. Despite the presence of somatic variants in half of tumor samples, we did not detect any at ccfDNA level. Therefore, this approach appears ineffective for pre-operative detection of genetic alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of aortomesenteric distance and mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissue thickness in genetic forms of lipodystrophy.","authors":"Mehmet Cagri Unal, Furkan Uncuoglu, Gokcen Gungor Semiz, Mehmet Emin Arayici, Serkan Yener, Canan Altay, Baris Akinci","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02429-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02429-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lipodystrophy is a rare disease characterized by the loss of adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue loss in certain forms of lipodystrophy may affect the amount of mesenteric fat.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We studied visceral adipose tissue by measuring the thickness of mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissue and the aortomesenteric (AOM) distance in patients with genetic forms of lipodystrophy (n = 48; 7 males; 41 females; mean age 39.1 ± 11.9 years; 19 with congenital generalized lipodystrophy [CGL], and 29 with familial partial lipodystrophy [FPLD]). An age- and gender-matched control group with a ratio of 1:2 was generated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CGL had severely depleted mesenteric adipose tissue (2.0 [IQR: 1.5-3.5] mm vs. 18.8 [IQR: 4.4-42.2] mm in FPLD, P < .001; 30.3 [IQR: 13.9-46.6] mm in controls, P < .001) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (1.3 [IQR: 0.0-5.3] mm vs. 33.7 [IQR: 21.6-42.1] mm in FPLD, P < .001; 29.7 [IQR: 23.1-36.7] mm in controls, P < .001). The AOM distance was shorter in patients with CGL (8.1 [IQR: 6.0-10.8] mm) compared to patients with FPLD (vs. 13.0 [IQR: 8.8-18.1] mm; P = .023) and controls (vs. 11.3 [IQR: 8.4-15.5] mm, P = .016). Leptin levels were positively correlated with AOM distance in lipodystrophy (r = .513, P < .001). Multivariate linear regression analysis identified body mass index as a significant predictor of AOM distance (data controlled for age and sex; beta = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.277-0.798, P < .001). Twelve of 19 patients (63%) with CGL had an AOM distance of < 10 mm, a risk factor that may predispose patients to developing superior mesenteric artery syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CGL is associated with a severe loss of mesenteric adipose tissue, which leads to a narrowing of the space between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"445-454"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acarbose and metformin on thyroid function and thyroid hormone sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients: a post-hoc analysis of the MARCH study.","authors":"Chenyu Zhang, Aihua Liu, Weiping Teng, Wenying Yang, Jing Li, Zhongyan Shan","doi":"10.1007/s40618-024-02463-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-024-02463-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While metformin is known to regulate thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, the effects of acarbose on thyroid function remain unreported. Our study was designed to evaluate the impact of acarbose and metformin on thyroid function and thyroid hormone sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the MARCH study, 788 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to treat with acarbose (300 mg) or metformin (1,500 mg) for 48 weeks. Thyroid function was assessed at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks, and the thyroid feedback quantile index (TFQI) and parameterized thyroid feedback quantile index (PTFQI) were calculated. Generalized estimating equations adjusted for confounders were used to analyze changes over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-four patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) exhibited a decrease in TSH levels (p = 0.001) with no significant differences between the two treatment groups (p = 0.460). Both TFQI (p = 0.029) and PTFQI (p < 0.001) also decreased over time. Mediation analysis revealed that these change over time were not mediated by BMI (all p < 0.05). Among the 489 euthyroid subjects, no significant changes in TSH levels were observed (p > 0.05). Stratification by baseline TSH levels revealed significant increases in TSH, TFQI, and PTFQI (all p < 0.05) in the normal-low TSH group and significant decreases in PTFQI (all p < 0.05) in the normal-high TSH group after treatment with acarbose and metformin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acarbose and metformin have similar buffering effects on TSH levels, the TFQI and the PTFQI. In patients with lower TSH levels, acarbose and metformin do not further decrease TSH levels.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number: </strong>ChiCTR-TRC-08000231.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"419-433"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}