{"title":"Causes of death among patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.","authors":"Q Liu, B Ma, M Song, H Sun, H Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02643-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02643-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Notwithstanding the generally positive outlook for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (mDTC) remains a lethal disease. In light of the current insufficient information regarding mortality causes in mDTC, our research endeavored to elucidate the factors contributing to death in patients diagnosed with mDTC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cohort of 187,747 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cases was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-17 cancer registry database (2000-2020) and identified 4749 patients diagnosed with mDTC. The study estimated the cumulative mortality associated with thyroid cancer, subsequent cancers, and non-cancer-related causes. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were employed to evaluate the disparities between observed and expected mortality rates in mDTC patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the DTC cohort, with a median follow-up of 70 months, 17,582 patients (9.4%) succumbed during the follow-up period. In the mDTC cohort, 2046 deaths (43.1%) occurred, with the 5-year cumulative mortality being highest for brain and liver metastases at 53.1% and 49.0%, respectively. During follow-up, 7.1% of patients with mDTC expired from subsequent cancers, with the largest proportion attributed to lung cancer. During the mDTC period, the most prevalent cause of non-cancer mortality was cerebrovascular diseases (SMR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05-1.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-cancer-related mortality constitutes a substantial proportion of mDTC and exhibits an increasing trend. Enhanced attention should be directed toward the management of mDTC survivors, with individualized treatment and follow-up plans tailored to patient-specific factors, while providing comprehensive guidance regarding potential future health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindsey R VanDerStad, Emily C Wyatt, Norah E Cook, Macey R McGovern, Toheed Zaman, Pamela M Lundin, Roger A Vaughan
{"title":"The cytosolic branched-chain amino transferase 1 (BCAT1/BCATc) inhibitor reduces mitochondrial capacity in a myotube model of insulin resistance.","authors":"Lindsey R VanDerStad, Emily C Wyatt, Norah E Cook, Macey R McGovern, Toheed Zaman, Pamela M Lundin, Roger A Vaughan","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02641-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02641-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Circulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations are one type of several biometrics shown to parallel severity of insulin resistance. Recently, inhibition of cytosolic branched-chain amino acid transaminase (BCATc) using BCATc inhibitor 2 (BI) was shown to reduce lipid accumulation in liver cells suggesting BI may improve aspects of metabolism. Given the correlation between BCAA and insulin resistance, one might expect inhibition of BCATc to alter insulin sensitivity if the enzyme plays a significant role in BCAA metabolism and if BCAA promote insulin resistance. Therefore, the purpose of the present report was to investigate the effects of BI on metabolism and insulin sensitivity in a myotube model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C2C12 myotubes were treated with BI at 20µM for 24 h, with and without hyperinsulinemic-induced insulin resistance. Mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism were measured via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate, respectively. Metabolic gene expression was assessed via qRT-PCR and insulin sensitivity was assessed by pAkt expression following insulin stimulation. Mitochondrial and lipid content were assessed using fluorescent staining. BCAA media content was assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insulin resistance reduced basal and peak mitochondrial metabolism. BI co-treatment in insulin resistant cells further reduced peak mitochondrial function without altering mitochondrial content or insulin sensitivity. Surprisingly, BI also did not alter extracellular BCAA media content regardless of insulin sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest BI may reduce myotube metabolism when coupled with insulin resistance. Further investigations are required to elucidate the implications in other experimental models.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of the E26 transformation specific transcription factor family in metabolic disorders.","authors":"Mingxia Yang, Lili Gao, Bo Xu, Weiyi Li, Canyu Chen, Jixiang Chen, Jiecan Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02634-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02634-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic homeostasis is precisely regulated by transcription factors. Over the past two decades, the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes through regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, new evidence indicates that members of the ETS transcription factor family are closely related to metabolism and metabolic diseases, exhibiting functional heterogeneity in metabolic regulation: some members drive metabolic disorders, while others play a compensatory protective role. This review focuses on ETS1 and ETV5, which are among the most intensively studied transcription factors in the field. ETS1 promotes weight gain primarily by inhibiting beige adipocyte formation and adipocyte thermogenesis, Additionally, it promotes hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation, thereby aggravating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, ETV5 is generally anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipolysis. As new data on the role of other ETS transcription factor family members in metabolic homeostasis continue to emerge, their importance in the study of metabolic diseases is becoming increasingly evident. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of the ETS family in metabolism, thereby facilitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases involving the ETS family.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipodystrophies in the history of art: Donatello's Magdalene.","authors":"Enrico Orzes, Marta Mazza, Marco Cappa","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02638-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02638-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Scribe of Saqqara: adipomastia or gynecomastia?","authors":"F Trimarchi, E Martino","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02574-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-025-02574-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1691-1692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in the management of metabolic disorders: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Aamir Anwar, Simran Rana, Priya Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02548-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-025-02548-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the significant role of artificial intelligence (AI) in managing metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and thyroid dysfunction. AI applications in this context encompass early diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, risk assessment, prevention, and biomarker discovery for early and accurate disease management. This review also delves into techniques involving machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, and reinforcement learning associated with AI and their application in metabolic disorders. The following study also enlightens the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI implementation, such as data privacy, model interpretability, and bias mitigation. We have reviewed various AI-based tools utilized for the diagnosis and management of metabolic disorders, such as Idx, Guardian Connect system, and DreaMed for diabetes. Further, the paper emphasizes the potential of AI to revolutionize the management of metabolic disorders through collaborations among clinicians and AI experts, the integration of AI into clinical practice, and the necessity for long-term validation studies. The references provided in the paper cover a range of studies related to AI, ML, personalized medicine, metabolic disorders, and diagnostic tools in healthcare, including research on disease diagnostics, personalized therapy, chronic disease management, and the application of AI in diabetes care and nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1525-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is orbital adipose tissue obesity-privileged? The relationship between small adipocyte size and metabolically healthy state from the view of orbital fat.","authors":"Y Cheng, K Zhang, J Liu, G Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02568-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-025-02568-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>White adipose tissue (WAT) expands by increasing adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and/or number (hyperplasia) to handle excess energy and plays a key homeostatic role in lipid metabolism. Hypertrophic adipocytes have many impaired biological functions. In contrast, hyperplastic adipocytes can reduce the negative metabolic effects of obesity. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of adaptive WAT expansion is essential for optimizing lipid storage and preventing the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to improve adipose health and can be a pharmacological target to ameliorate obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities. Clinically, we found that the size of adipocytes in orbital fat (OF) is less affected by obesity, and we hypothesized that OF possesses a relatively metabolically healthy profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To verify our hypothesis, we identified multiple hallmarks of healthy adipose tissue in OF using a combination of bioinformatics-based transcriptomics analyses and experimental methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that compared with abdominal subcutaneous fat (SF), OF had a smaller cell size, more dynamic ability to remodel the adipose extracellular matrix (ECM), higher vascular supply, and less macrophage infiltration. OF also showed promising adipogenic and proliferative capabilities and a healthy adipocytokine secretion pattern. Moreover, the Hh signaling was activated in OF and may influence depot-specific adipose health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings collectively support that OF is generally in a naturally metabolically healthy state with high expandability and obesity-free privilege, providing new therapeutic ideas for obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1549-1562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Losa, Luigi Albano, Elena Prandino, Enrico Garbin, Antonella Del Vecchio, Andrei Fodor, Nadia Di Muzio, Lina Raffaella Barzaghi, Pietro Mortini
{"title":"Repeat gamma knife radiosurgery for recurrent pituitary adenomas.","authors":"Marco Losa, Luigi Albano, Elena Prandino, Enrico Garbin, Antonella Del Vecchio, Andrei Fodor, Nadia Di Muzio, Lina Raffaella Barzaghi, Pietro Mortini","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02564-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-025-02564-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrence of pituitary adenoma after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) occurs in around 10% of cases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of repeat GKRS in pituitary adenoma patients who had tumor recurrence after the first GKRS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 38 consecutive patients who received a second GKRS treatment for pituitary adenoma at the same institute from 1994 to 2023. The primary study endpoint was tumor growth control. Safety assessment included neurological, visual, and endocrine function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median radiological follow-up was 71.5 months (IQR, 21.7-124 months). Nine patients (23.7%) had recurrence of disease. The 5-year and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 75.2% (95% CI, 58.4-92.0%) and 61.7% (95% CI, 39.3-84.1%), respectively. Adjusted Cox analysis showed that hormone-secreting adenoma (HR 6.82; 95% CI, 1.42-32.68; P 0.02), having received another surgical procedure before repeat GKRS (HR 10.63; 95% CI, 1.77-63.85; P 0.01), and the interval between the first and the second GKRS (HR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P 0.01) were independently associated with the risk of tumor recurrence. No serious side effects occurred after repeat GKRS treatment, except one case of transient diplopia and trigeminal neuralgia. New thyroid, gonadal, and adrenal deficit developed in 10.5%, 7.1%, and 18.7% of patients, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeat GKRS for regrowth of a pituitary adenoma can stop tumor progression in most patients. No specific safety concerns emerged. Repeat GKRS can be included among the few therapeutic options available after failure of a first GKRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1589-1595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khelfi Abderrezak, Askoufes Houyam, Alsayed Ahmad Dana, Afri Yamina, Talhi Randa, Henkel Ralf, Azzouz Mohamed
{"title":"Exposure profiles to Benzophenones and their impacts on thyroid hormones in pregnant women.","authors":"Khelfi Abderrezak, Askoufes Houyam, Alsayed Ahmad Dana, Afri Yamina, Talhi Randa, Henkel Ralf, Azzouz Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02570-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-025-02570-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Benzophenones are ubiquitous compounds widely used in various industrial and consumer products including sunscreens, plastics, and personal care items. Their presence as emerging pollutants has raised concerns due to their potential adverse health effects, particularly as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The aim of this study was to identify exposure profiles to Benzophenones in pregnant women living in Algiers and to explore associations between urinary levels of these compounds and disruptions of thyroid hormones levels during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was carried out on 384 pregnant women. After gathering necessary information using a questionnaire, blood and urine samples were collected. Thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3, and FT4) were measured by electrochemiluminescence while Benzophenones (BP-1, BP-2, and BP-3) were detected by LC-MS/MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BP-1, BP-2, and BP-3 were detected in 91.9%, 56.5%, and 88.3% of the analyzed samples, respectively. Mean concentrations were 2.250, 0.178, and 2.067 µg/g creatinine for BP-1, BP-2, and BP-3, respectively. Significant negative associations were found between plasma levels of FT3 and urinary concentrations of both BP-1 (β = -0.101) and BP-3 (β = -0.110). Moreover, significant positive associations were recorded between urinary concentrations of both BP-1 and BP-3 and the application of makeup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, exposure of pregnant women to Benzophenones may affect levels of thyroid hormones resulting in possible adverse health effects on the mother and the development of the child. Therefore, preventive measures limiting exposure to these EDCs are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1575-1587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carla Bizzarri, Laura Chioma, Giorgia Bottaro, Laura Paone, Tommaso Todisco, Mariangela Chiarito, Cecilia Surace, Ottavia Porzio, Annamaria D'Alessandro, Lucilla Ravà, Marco Cappa
{"title":"Diagnostic cut-offs of 17-hydroxyprogesterone by LC-MS/MS in children with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.","authors":"Carla Bizzarri, Laura Chioma, Giorgia Bottaro, Laura Paone, Tommaso Todisco, Mariangela Chiarito, Cecilia Surace, Ottavia Porzio, Annamaria D'Alessandro, Lucilla Ravà, Marco Cappa","doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02581-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40618-025-02581-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder, commonly caused by 21-hydroxylase mutations, that converts 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) into 11-deoxycortisol in the adrenal cortex. Elevated morning serum levels of 17-OHP identify suspected CAH, and the diagnosis is confirmed by CYP21 A2 gene analysis. Liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become the recommended method for 17-OHP measurement; however, diagnostic 17-OHP thresholds measured with LC-MS/MS are not yet defined. We aimed to identify optimal cut-offs for basal and peak 17-OHP levels after ACTH stimulation test, measured by LC-MS/MS, to distinguish non-classical CAH (NC-CAH) and heterozygous carriers (HC) from wild type subjects (WT) in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the records of 198 children referred for suspected NC-CAH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ideal basal 17-OHP cut-off to differentiate NC-CAH from WT subjects was 0.94 ng/mL (2.82 nmol/L) with AUC 0.988 (95% CI 0.972-1.000; sensitivity 100%, specificity 90%). The optimal peak 17-OHP cut-off was 7.81 ng/mL (23.43 nmol/L) with AUC 0.998 (95% CI 0.994-1.000; sensitivity 100%, specificity 97%). The ideal basal 17-OHP cut-off to distinguish HC from WT subjects was 0.81 ng/mL (2.43 nmol/L), with AUC 0.727 (95% CI 0.645-0.809; sensitivity 54%, specificity 83%); while the optimal peak 17-OHP cut-off was 3.79 ng/mL (11.37 nmol/L) with AUC 0.932 (95% CI 0.894-0.971; sensitivity 96%, specificity 87%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ideal cut-offs of peak 17OHP able to distinguish NC-CAH and HC individuals from WT subjects were significantly lower to using LC-MS/MS. These new thresholds demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, making them effective in distinguishing individuals with suspected NC-CAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":48802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1623-1633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}