Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Modified Peanut Skin Decoction for Lung Cancer Myelosuppression.","authors":"Jia-Rui Hu, Qiang Ji, Wei-Wei He, Ya-Fei Han, You-Tao Zhang, Zhan-Lin Li","doi":"10.3791/68880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of modified Peanut Skin Decoction (PSD) for preventing myelosuppression in 60 patients with advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma receiving chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either standard supportive care granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 µg/kg) or supplemented by modified PSD as needed. Primary endpoints included white blood cell count, neutrophil count, haemoglobin level, platelet count, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire scores measured on days 4, 8, 12, and 20. Secondary endpoints were onset time, duration, and recovery of grade III-IV myelosuppression, cumulative blood transfusion volumes, and adverse event rates. The results showed that PSD significantly delayed the onset of grade III-IV myelosuppression (5.63 ± 1.10 vs. 4.10 ± 1.24 days; p < 0.001) and shortened its duration (7.07 ± 1.72 vs. 9.97 ± 1.16 days; p < 0.001), while improving WHOQOL-BREF scores without increasing adverse event rates. Network pharmacology revealed that key active components target interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor A via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signalling pathways, underpinning PSD's protective effects against myelosuppression. Overall, PSD effectively mitigates chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and enhances patient quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-Efficient Machine Learning Based Denoising Techniques for Sustainable Medical Imaging.","authors":"Vidula V Meshram, Vishal A Meshram, Pallavi Rege, Kailas Patil, Shrikant Jadhav, Gandharva Thite","doi":"10.3791/68968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional deep learning models have demonstrated denoising potential, but face challenges such as extensive computational load, energy usage, and training time. This study presents an energy-efficient denoising methodology that integrates image enhancement and K-means clustering as preprocessing techniques to improve input quality before applying neural networks. This study proposes an energy-efficient denoising pipeline integrating image enhancement using sharpening kernels and image segmentation through K-means clustering before the application of a convolutional autoencoder. The preprocessing steps enabled the model to identify anatomical boundaries and separate noise-affected regions, thereby improving the input quality and enhancing training convergence. Preprocessing sharpens key image features and distinguishes noise-affected regions, enabling adaptive thresholding and more effective denoising with reduced computational cost. The proposed model was evaluated using publicly available CT and MRI datasets. Performance was assessed through Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), and classification accuracy. The results showed that PSNR improved from 21.52 dB to 28.14 dB; SSIM increased from 0.7619 to 0.8690, and validation accuracy also improved. The integrated preprocessing reduced training time by ~20% and lowered GPU utilization, thus supporting reproducibility and deployment in computationally constrained environments. The methodology supports sustainable medical imaging practices by minimizing radiation exposure, reducing repeat scans, and extending the lifespan of older imaging equipment. This pipeline contributes to sustainable medical imaging by minimizing radiation exposure, reducing repeat scans, and extending the lifespan of legacy imaging equipment. It is also suitable for remote diagnostics, enhancing telemedicine workflows in low-resource settings. Additionally, the approach supports remote diagnostics, making it suitable for telemedicine applications in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Endothelial Glycocalyx Post-Pneumonectomy in a 3D Fluidic Chip - An Approach to Fabricating a Vascular-based Organ-on-Chip System.","authors":"Jacob Elliott, Camden Holm, Mia Long, Zoe Vittum, Eric Johnson, Solomon A Mensah","doi":"10.3791/67246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/67246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), a carbohydrate-rich layer coating the luminal surface of endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular responses to stimuli. It is comprised of transmembrane proteins serving as mechanotransducers for cellular responses. While it naturally maintains its structure and stability under homeostatic conditions, exposure to high-shear stress can induce damage with numerous consequences. General shear stress effects on endothelial cells have been explored, but the extent and impact of shear stress on vascular systems, specifically post-pneumonectomy, have not been well studied. To investigate this, a comprehensive approach was undertaken, involving the creation of a CAD model of pulmonary vasculature pre- and post-pneumonectomy. Utilizing computational fluid simulation, key regions of elevated shear stress and pressure were identified and replicated in an organ-on-chip (OOC) system. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) were seeded onto a mold in the shape of the selected sections to characterize the effects of elevated shear stress in vitro. Following experimentation, HLMVECs were immunostained to qualitatively evaluate GCX health under normal and increased stresses induced by pneumonectomy. The integration of computational modeling and experimental analysis enhances our understanding of how changes in shear stress affect GCX, clarifying their effects on vascular function and post-surgical complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Integrated Continuous Care in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.","authors":"Xiangqing Wang, Pei Li, Xiao Dang, Hong Jiang, Wenjing Ma, Lu Ren, Yingying Ma","doi":"10.3791/68680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to observe the influence of multidisciplinary integrated continuous care on negative emotions, quality of life, and self-care ability in 80 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) from January 2023 to January 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to group A (n=40, routine care) or group B (n=40, multidisciplinary care). The latter was intervened through the formation of an interdisciplinary team including nutritionists and psychologists, combined with online guidance on the WeChat platform and monthly offline health sharing meetings. Negative emotions (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale [SAS], Self-Rating Depression Scale [SDS]), self-care ability (ESCA), compliance behavior, quality of life (QOL-35), and nursing satisfaction were compared between groups. Results showed that group B had significantly greater reductions in SAS/SDS scores, improved self-care ability, compliance, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction (all P<0.05). Results show that this model can effectively alleviate patients' negative emotions, improve self-management ability and quality of life, and provide an innovative path for the comprehensive care of patients with cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-Driven Drug Discovery Optimization for Breast Cancer Using Interpretable Machine Learning Models.","authors":"Dyuti Banerjee, Sivaneasan Bala Krishnan, Kamal Upreti, Sumegh Shrikant Tharewal, Uma Shankar, Pravin Kshirsagar, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.3791/68705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, posing significant therapeutic challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. This study presents a reproducible, data-driven machine learning protocol for predicting drug sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines, with the dual objective of identifying potent single agents and synergistic drug combinations. Using curated datasets from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), two predictive approaches were implemented: a standalone XGBoost regressor and a hybrid Autoencoder-XGBoost pipeline. Preprocessing included label encoding, one-hot encoding, Z-score standardization, missing value imputation, and dimensionality reduction via PCA. Model evaluation demonstrated that XGBoost achieved superior performance (MSE = 1.3789, R² = 0.8145) compared to the hybrid model (MSE = 4.0322, R² = 0.4577). Interpretability was addressed using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which identified TARGET_PATHWAY, DRUG_ID, TARGET, and CELL_LINE_NAME as key predictive features, aligning with established pharmacological mechanisms. Predicted synergy scores, derived from combining model outputs with DrugComb and SynergyDB data, highlighted promising drug pairs such as Bortezomib + Romidepsin and Paclitaxel + Bortezomib. These findings were further supported by PCA-based pharmacological clustering, revealing biologically relevant groupings of drugs with similar mechanisms of action. The proposed protocol provides a transparent and adaptable framework for precision oncology research, enabling both predictive accuracy and biological interpretability. By integrating rigorous preprocessing, model validation, explainability, and drug synergy analysis, this workflow offers a scalable foundation for translational drug discovery and repurposing in breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprinting of Hydrogel Tumor Slices as a 3D Model for Mantle Cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Julia Thiel, Jan A Schlegel, Sam Steinfeldt, Kathrin Baader Böpple, Chen Xing, Annette M Staiger, Heike Horn, Kathrin S Kurz, German Ott, Walter E Aulitzky, Matthias Schwab, Thomas E Mürdter, Meng Dong","doi":"10.3791/68417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell neoplasm that frequently relapses and only shows a limited response to conventional chemotherapy. A major challenge in MCL research is culturing primary MCL cells ex vivo, as cells tend to undergo spontaneous apoptosis when cultured in 2D suspension culture. Although 3D models are known to better recapitulate the in vivo situation of solid tumors, their application is still poorly explored in lymphomas. Developing 3D models that replicate the in vivo conditions of MCL within the lymph node could enhance their survival, facilitate the study of the MCL-tumor microenvironment crosstalk, and mimic the in vivo drug response. Here, a 3D printed model of MCL in the form of hydrogel tumor slices was established, along with an optimized culture method. A standardized process was developed using MCL cell lines or primary MCL cells, in which the cells are immersed in a hydrogel containing alginate, type I collagen, and basement membrane matrix by bioprinting into a gelatin support bath. The resulting MCL hydrogel tumor slices are cultured on a filter support to maintain their stability throughout the culture period. Drug treatments can be applied to the system. The response of single cells inside the hydrogel tumor slice can be tracked by four-color live 3D fluorescence imaging. Primary MCL cells demonstrated a stable viability when cultured in the hydrogel tumor slices. This protocol provides a detailed description of the generation, culture, and analysis of MCL cells in hydrogel tumor slices. By closely mimicking the tumor microenvironment and utilizing an air-liquid interface culture, the presented model enhances physiological relevance compared to the traditional 2D culture. It offers significant potential for advancing both biological and therapeutic studies of MCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling Down for Big Impact: Streamlined High-throughput Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Production.","authors":"Philip Ohland, Miriam L Ferreiro, Jatina Schumacher, Linda E Franken, Catherine McKenzie, Thomas Steininger, Philippe Ringler, Matthias E Lauer, Denis Phichith, Julia Fakhiri","doi":"10.3791/68646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have emerged as a leading platform for gene therapy applications. However, the cumbersome production and purification processes remain significant bottlenecks in drug development. High-throughput, small-scale rAAV production without labor-intensive and time-consuming purification procedures offers a valuable alternative strategy to accelerate preclinical research and early-stage therapeutic screening. This approach enables the rapid generation of diverse rAAV variants or therapeutic constructs with sufficient quality for initial in vitro and in vivo evaluation. This protocol introduces two methods distinguished by cell type and production scale: microscale and miniscale rAAV production. Microscale production is carried out in a 6-well format using adherent human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells (micro-6-well), while miniscale production utilizes suspension cells in 24-well plates (mini-HT24). Vectors generated through these methods undergo downstream analyses to optimize cell culturing conditions and/or are used to assess the biological activity of transgenes. Key analytical readouts include vector genome titration (vg/mL), capsid titer determination (vp/mL), western blot analysis, and cell transduction assays. Additionally, vectors produced at the miniscale and semi-purified using affinity resins are compared with midiscale preparations purified via cesium chloride density gradients. The streamlined methods described here demonstrate significant potential for refining cell culture parameters, identifying lead candidates during screenings (i.e., optimized transgene cassettes or superior AAV capsids), and enhancing transgene expression. Collectively, the presented workflows support the establishment of a robust and efficient platform for iterative development in the gene therapy pipeline that can be readily implemented in any research lab.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-based Ablative Infusion for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rabbit Models.","authors":"Katlyn Pavlik, Kendra Eagleson, Katarzyna Kempinska, Jacquelyn Del Valle, Rachel Griffin, Elizabeth Phelps, Sarah Marei, Matti Kiupel, Rebecca Linton, Lorenzo F Sempere","doi":"10.3791/68334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is the second leading cancer-related cause of death in women. While there are few proactive interventions for average-risk women, prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective, risk-reducing intervention for high-risk women. However, prophylactic mastectomy is an invasive procedure that removes all mammary epithelial cells along with the surrounding stroma, fat tissue, and/or musculature. Our overall research goal is to develop a non-invasive intraductal (ID) delivery procedure that locally kills the mammary epithelial cells by filling the entire ductal tree with an ablative solution. We previously demonstrated that ID delivery of ethanol as an ablative solution is effective in rodent models (mice and rats). This protocol presents an ID delivery of 10-70% ethanol solution containing iohexol (90-300 mg/mL) as an X-ray contrast agent into the multi-ductal tree system of the rabbit mammary gland. The mammary gland of a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with a multi-duct system is more alike to the human breast than those of other large animals (e.g., cows, sheep). This rabbit protocol addresses technical challenges of scalability, real-time imaging, and ID delivery into a multi-ductal tree system in a large-animal intermediate model. This protocol establishes a fluoroscopy-guided multi-duct ID delivery with instruments, materials, and reagents that could be directly applied in the clinic. Tissue analysis enables optimizing the concentration of ethanol for maximal epithelial ablation and minimal collateral tissue damage as a starting point for future first-in-human evaluation of this ablative procedure for primary prevention of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri.","authors":"Chaoxia Lyu, Willy Cecilia Cheon, Li Zhang, Jie Wang, Yuzhen Wei, Wenju Zhang","doi":"10.3791/69143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/69143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large benign uterine pathologies affect millions of women globally and impose substantial socioeconomic costs. Although hysterectomy remains the definitive treatment, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) methodologies, including vaginal procedures and laparoscopy, have largely supplanted open laparotomy. However, significant uterine enlargement compromises pelvic workspace, obscures surrounding anatomical structures, which may impair the surgeon's ability to operate effectively, and increase the risks of hemorrhage and adjacent-organ injury. Consequently, many gynecological surgeons regard uteri ≥ 17-week equivalent as a contraindication to total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). We devised a novel approach known as Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage (LEKTUVOHCC) in Large Uteri, comprising a cervical cerclage using an extracorporeal laparoscopic knot-pusher for en bloc occlusion of uterine arteries and corpus uteri excised to debulk the uterus and optimize the operative field. We successfully performed this procedure in 31 cases at our hospital. We recorded operative time (OT), intraoperative blood loss (IBL), and intra- and postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction over a median follow-up of 12 months. The median operative time was 127 (100, 213) min; the mean IBL was 80 (50, 200) mL. Complete LEKTUVOHCC was achieved in all cases (31/31, 100%), with patient-reported satisfaction in 30/31 (96.77%). No significant complications were observed during or after surgery. This approach effectively overcomes the hemostatic and visualization challenges in laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uteri, such as the dissection of uterine blood arteries and the reduction of IBL, thereby eliminating the risk of blood transfusion and lowering healthcare costs. This technique is reproducible, facilitates rapid adoption, and represents a significant advance in MIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Murine Model of Cerebral Venous Outflow Occlusion Through Bilateral Ligation of Jugular Veins.","authors":"Marie-Renee El Kamouh, Myriam Spajer, Marie-Charlotte Bourrienne, Anne-Laure Joly Marolany, Ruchith Singhabahu, Mikael Mazighi, Jean-Léon Thomas, Stéphanie Lenck","doi":"10.3791/68626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphatic vessels play a key role in maintaining fluid homeostasis and immune surveillance within tissues. At the brain's border, the dural meninges contain lymphatic vessels closely neighboring venous sinuses. In humans, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is associated with stenosis of dural venous sinuses, suggesting that venous outflow disturbances may affect brain fluid regulation and meningeal lymphatic drainage. To explore this relationship in a controlled setting, we developed a mouse model of cerebral venous outflow occlusion via bilateral ligation of both internal and external jugular veins (JVL). This surgical protocol is reproducible, not invasive, and achieves a high success rate (98.4%) with expected postoperative signs such as facial and brain swelling as well as extracranial vascular remodeling. Two-dimensional time-of-flight (2D-TOF) MR venography followed by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction confirmed upstream venous congestion. This model enables the longitudinal study of the consequences of impaired cerebral venous outflow on cerebrovascular architecture, lymphatic remodeling, and brain fluid clearance. By manipulating the vessels at the neck, JVL allows investigation of these processes without damaging intracranial structures. Despite anatomical differences between species, JVL provides a robust and accessible approach to dissect the interplay between venous outflow, lymphatic drainage, and fluid homeostasis in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 223","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}