Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments最新文献

{"title":"Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Systematic Review of Academic Performance and Well-Being in University Students.","authors":"Elhadi Miskeen, Mashael Obaid F Alsaadi, Atheer Hameed Alqarni, Albatool Khaled Alshahrani, Lamyaa Sayaf Mubark Almaawai, Munirah Ayidh Aldhalaliah, Mashael Sharaf Saad, Manal Fahad O Alsubaie, Anwar Ali Alshehri, Dalia Alqarni, Abdullah M Alshahrani, Egbal Lutfi, Dalya Alqarni, Suaad Elnour, Abdullah M Al-Shahrani","doi":"10.3791/72609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are common among women of reproductive age and are associated with academic performance and general well-being at the university level. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the prevalence of PMS and PMDD and their associations with academic, psychological, and well-being outcomes among female medical and health sciences students. Searches were conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and EBSCOhost, through which Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published between January 2014 and December 2024. Of 317 identified records, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria; all were observational and cross-sectional. Prevalence estimates varied widely, with PMS ranging from 37.0% to 86.2% and probable PMDD from 13.8% to 66.9%. All PMDD estimates were based on questionnaire screening rather than prospective diagnostic confirmation and therefore represent screening-positive cases rather than confirmed diagnoses. Premenstrual symptoms were associated with impaired concentration, absenteeism, reduced class participation, lower perceived academic performance, and poorer psychological well-being. Associated factors included severe dysmenorrhea, family history, academic stress, irregular or shorter menstrual cycles, and low physical activity. The cross-sectional designs, heterogeneous diagnostic criteria, and varying outcome measures limit causal inference and generalizability. PMS and probable PMDD are associated with poorer academic performance and well-being among female medical and health sciences students. Universities should consider proportionate supportive responses, including menstrual health education, access to health services and counseling, and appropriate academic or social support. Future research should employ standardized diagnostic and outcome measures and prospective study designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Women Undergoing Cervical Screening in Leshan, China: Real-time and Nested Multiplex PCR.","authors":"Li Xia, Ye Ye","doi":"10.3791/72076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the principal etiological factor in cervical precancer and cervical cancer. Regional surveillance of HR-HPV prevalence and genotype distribution is important because circulating genotypes may vary according to geography, age structure, screening access, and vaccination coverage. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated HR-HPV infection among women undergoing routine cervical cancer screening at Leshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China, between January 2022 and December 2024. A total of 5,000 eligible women aged 25-60 years were included. Cervical specimens were collected from the transformation zone using a sterile cytobrush and preserved in liquid-based cytology medium. Primary HR-HPV detection was performed using the Roche Cobas 4800 HPV assay, which detects HPV16 and HPV18 individually and detects 12 additional high-risk genotypes as a pooled result. Samples positive for pooled HR-HPV were further analyzed by nested multiplex PCR to identify additional genotypes. Cytology and histopathology results, where available, were reviewed and correlated with HPV detection results. Among 5,000 screened women, 612 were HR-HPV positive, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 12.2%. Single-genotype infections accounted for 65.7% of HPV-positive cases, while multiple-genotype infections accounted for 34.3%. HPV16 was the most frequent genotype, followed by HPV31, HPV56, HPV66, and HPV51. HR-HPV prevalence was highest in women aged 25-30 years and declined with increasing age. Multivariate analysis showed that age below 35 years, multiple sexual partners, smoking, and lack of prior screening were associated with higher odds of HR-HPV positivity. These findings describe the regional epidemiology of HR-HPV infection in a cervical screening cohort from Leshan and support continued genotype surveillance, while conclusions regarding genotype replacement and vaccine impact should be interpreted with caution due to incomplete vaccination history data.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Mount Dissection of the Vestibular Complex and Quantification of Vestibular Ganglion Neurons in Mice.","authors":"Deborah O'Bryan, Brandon C Cox","doi":"10.3791/72562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vestibular system is crucial for our sense of balance, for detecting head movements, and for regulating gaze and posture. There are five vestibular organs located inside the temporal bone, including two otolith organs (utricle and saccule), which detect linear movement, and three cristae (lateral/horizontal, anterior, and posterior), which detect rotational movement. Each organ contains a sensory epithelium with hair cells that detect head movements and supporting cells that provide structural support, release growth factors and cytokines, and phagocytose dying hair cells. The neurons that make synapses with hair cells project from the vestibular ganglion (also called Scarpa's ganglion), which is located on the surface of the temporal bone. Most previous studies of the vestibular ganglion have used sectioning methods to visualize these cells, which have several limitations. Here, we describe a method to dissect the mouse vestibular ganglion and its connecting organs (saccule, utricle, and three cristae) as a whole mount, enabling more detailed analysis of neuronal cell bodies and their dendritic projections to the sensory epithelia. These methods include fixation, decalcification, dissection, immunofluorescent staining, confocal imaging, and three-dimensional quantification of vestibular neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning, Radiomics, and Clinical Models Predicting Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Fan He, Gaofeng Liu, Hejiang Ye, Fuqiang Ji, Peigen Sun, Zhihua Xu","doi":"10.3791/73452","DOIUrl":"10.3791/73452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially fatal immune-related adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in lung cancer, and many machine-learning (ML), computed tomography (CT) radiomics, deep-learning, and clinical models have been proposed to predict it. This systematic review searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SinoMed, supplemented by citation searching and other sources, with independent dual-reviewer screening throughout and a reproducible PubMed verification search updated to August 16, 2026. Twelve peer-reviewed lung-cancer CIP-occurrence models (4,875 patients, 1,057 events) formed the main analysis; validation C-statistics were pooled on the logit scale with restricted maximum likelihood and Hartung-Knapp intervals, stratified by validation design. The pooled validation C-statistic was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.75-0.88) with high heterogeneity (I²= 90.7%) and a wide 95% prediction interval of 0.51-0.95, which is the decision-relevant quantity. By validation design, internal cross-validation pooled to 0.83, internal split-sample to 0.76, and only two studies reported external validation (0.84 and 0.92, described narratively). Imaging-based models (k = 8) showed numerically higher discrimination than clinical models (k = 4; 0.85 versus 0.78, moderator p = 0.46) without a statistically significant difference, and this comparison is confounded by design covariates. Estimates were stable on leave-one-out, alternative-model, cohort-overlap, and standard-error-source sensitivity analyses (range 0.80-0.84). Under the standard Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool, applied independently by two reviewers with consensus resolution, two studies were at high, nine at unclear, and one at low overall risk of bias; certainty of evidence was low (very low under a stricter appraisal scenario, which left the pooled estimate essentially unchanged). Current models separate risk groups on average but remain unready for clinical use; adequately powered, externally validated, and calibration-reported models are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Dynamic Visualized Pain Assessment Tool on Pediatric Pain Management: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.","authors":"Yue Wang, Qiong Wu, Yusi Wang","doi":"10.3791/71023","DOIUrl":"10.3791/71023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective pediatric pain management relies on accurate assessment; however, current behavioral scales are limited by observer subjectivity and fail to capture dynamic fluctuations. The primary goal of this protocol is to detail the implementation and evaluation of a dynamic visualized pain assessment tool, providing a standardized methodology to transition nursing practice from experience-based estimation to data-driven precision. Using a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design across five clinical wards, the study enrolled 15 infants and analyzed 45 video segments across three clinical contexts: baseline, acute procedural pain, and postoperative recovery. The system captured high-definition facial video synchronized with bedside physiological monitoring to generate real-time pain trajectory curves and trend-based alerts. Generalized linear mixed models showed that the tool reduced nursing response latency from 15.4 to 6.7 min (P < 0.001) and increased assessment consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.71-0.93). Concurrently, pediatric satisfaction scores rose, and parental anxiety levels decreased. These findings suggest that dynamic visualization may improve clinical efficiency and patient outcomes through timely, objective decision support.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning for Exploratory Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children.","authors":"Ziyun Zhou, Lili Zhang, Shuqing Zhou, Yanru Guo, Huanxi Lin, Xin Zhang, Meiling Tong","doi":"10.3791/72520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may facilitate timely intervention, while diagnosis remains clinically based. This exploratory study evaluated fNIRS-derived features using multiple machine-learning algorithms to compare observed classification performance between young children aged 2-6 years with ASD and typically developing (TD) children. β-activation values from eight channels were used as features to differentiate the ASD and TD groups. Two paradigm-specific analytic datasets were analyzed. Paradigm 1 comprised three tasks and included 60 participants (29 children with ASD and 31 TD children), with 24 β features per participant. Paradigm 2 comprised two tasks and included 58 participants (28 children with ASD and 30 TD children), with 16 β features per participant. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to partition the data, and normalization and principal component analysis were applied for feature extraction. Seven classifiers-K-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT), and XGBoost-were evaluated using accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC), and permutation testing was used to assess whether the observed classification performance exceeded that expected by chance. In Paradigm 1, KNN yielded the highest observed accuracy (0.567), whereas DT yielded the highest observed AUC (0.582). Paradigm 2 yielded numerically higher observed performance for several metrics, but no classifier significantly exceeded chance. These findings demonstrate the procedural feasibility of acquiring and analyzing task-based fNIRS data; however, independent diagnostic value beyond age and sex was not established and requires validation in larger, sex-balanced external cohorts. Overall classification performance was modest; none of the evaluated classifiers demonstrated statistically significant above-chance performance in the permutation tests, and the fNIRS features did not demonstrate statistically significant incremental predictive value beyond age and sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PTCD and Peroral Electronic Cholangioscopy with Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for CBD Stones in a Super-Elderly Patient Post-Billroth II Gastrojejunostomy.","authors":"Ziye Li, Xiaobao Shen, Yinhong Yang, Qitao Luo, Lun Tan, Fan Wu","doi":"10.3791/74041","DOIUrl":"10.3791/74041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of impacted common bile duct stones in patients with prior Billroth II gastrectomy poses unique challenges. Altered gastrointestinal anatomy renders duodenoscope passage and biliary cannulation during conventional ERCP exceedingly difficult, resulting in a low success rate. Super‑elderly (over 90 years old) patients often have multiple comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and require rapid relief of biliary obstruction and infection control to create a subsequent therapeutic window. Meanwhile, traditional open biliary surgery and general anesthesia carry prohibitive risk, along with prolonged preoperative preparation and extensive trauma. Although percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic lithotripsy (PTCSL) is unaffected by gastrointestinal reconstruction, it often depends on a large mature biliary sinus tract, necessitating a multi‑stage procedure, entails a risk of hemorrhage, and has difficulty in managing stones, especially papillary impacted stones. To overcome these difficulties, an innovative stepwise strategy was devised comprising \"urgent PTCD for rapid decompression followed by multimodal lithotripsy under direct visualization with a peroral electronic cholangioscope.\" A 92‑year‑old male had a history of multiple surgeries, including Billroth II gastrectomy, cholecystectomy, and colon resection, along with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Emergency PTCD was performed first, promptly controlling infection and relieving jaundice. After preoperative preparation, the tract was dilated to 10 Fr, and a peroral electronic cholangioscope was introduced through the sheath. Under direct visualization, the common bile duct stones were efficiently fragmented using a holmium laser, initially in a fragmentation mode and then in a dusting mode. Post‑procedural cholangiography confirmed complete stone clearance. The PTCD tube was subsequently removed uneventfully, and the patient recovered well without complications. This strategy successfully circumvents the anatomical alterations, integrates biliary drainage, direct intra‑ductal visualization, and lithotripsy, providing a minimally invasive treatment strategy for patients with bile duct stones after gastrointestinal reconstruction, especially for super‑elderly and other high‑risk individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic Duodenum-Preserving Pancreatic Head and Neck Resection.","authors":"Jian Yan, Jun Zheng, Xiangyu Wu, Fangfang Zhou, Xiang He, Yingfang Fan","doi":"10.3791/74203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/74203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The selection of surgical approaches for benign and low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic head and neck, such as serous cystadenomas, neuroendocrine tumors, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), has long been controversial. Traditional pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with substantial trauma and requires gastrointestinal reconstruction, which alters normal physiological structures. With a deeper understanding of pancreatic function and the advancement of minimally invasive techniques, duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) has gained increasing attention because it preserves the integrity of the duodenum and bile duct, better maintaining physiological conditions. However, this procedure imposes extremely high technical demands on surgeons, particularly when performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR) is frequently confronted with high risks of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). With proficiency in LDPPHR attained by the present authors and its indications extended to lesions of the pancreatic head and neck, the surgical workflow was optimized to reduce the incidence of complications. Under precise preoperative three-dimensional visualization planning and meticulous dissection guided by intraoperative ICG fluorescence and AR navigation, the anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcades were preserved, and the pancreatic cut surface was reconstructed using a modified Blumgart pancreaticojejunostomy, so that curative tumor resection is accomplished while organ function is maximally preserved and patient outcomes are improved. This report is presented as a demonstration of the technical feasibility of completing each step of the protocol; its safety and effectiveness require evaluation in larger series.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Ganglion Cell Quantification for Evaluating Neurodegeneration in Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis​.","authors":"Jackson W Mace, Peter A Calabresi, Marjan Gharagozloo","doi":"10.3791/72666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantification of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss provides a sensitive and reproducible measure of neurodegeneration in mouse models of neurological  disease and injury. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used mouse model of multiple sclerosis, inflammation of the optic nerve can lead to optic neuritis, axonal injury, and progressive RGC loss. Therefore, quantification of RGC survival provides a valuable readout of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration and can be used to evaluate disease severity and neuroprotective interventions. Here, we describe a protocol for retinal dissection, flatmount preparation, immunostaining, and quantification of RGCs in the mouse retina. Using whole-mount preparations, this method preserves the structure and spatial organization of the retina, which allows visualization and quantification of RGCs using markers such as Brn3a. This protocol enables reliable identification and quantification of Brn3a-positive RGCs. When combined with complementary neuronal and stress markers, changes in labeling intensity and cellular morphology can help identify stressed or injured RGCs and distinguish reduced marker expression from overt cell loss. Representative results demonstrate that the protocol detects both early RGC stress and overt RGC loss in EAE mice. This approach provides a robust and scalable framework for evaluating inflammation-driven neuronal injury and assessing neuroprotective strategies in preclinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SecureHealthKey+: Integrating Explainable TinyML Anomaly Detection Into Lightweight Authentication Protocols in IoT-Enabled Healthcare Systems.","authors":"Shital Pawar, Sonali Patil, Ashwini Sengar, Khushal Khairnar, Sandip Thite, Mohammad Israr","doi":"10.3791/73288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/73288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) enable real-time, remote, and continuous patient monitoring but remain vulnerable to cyber-physical attacks, including unauthorized device access, replay, man-in-the-middle (MITM), and slow-rate denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Existing lightweight authentication protocols are computationally suitable for resource-constrained wearable sensors but may not detect behavioral anomalies occurring during otherwise valid cryptographic handshakes. This study presents SecureHealthKey+, a hybrid security framework that extends the lightweight mutual authentication mechanism of the SecureAuthKey scheme by integrating an Explainable Tiny Machine Learning-based Anomaly Detection (ETAD) layer within an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.6-inspired WBAN architecture. The framework uses a microcontroller-based Smart Medical Device (SMD) and a single-board-computer-based Medical Gateway Server (MGS). The SMD computes a cryptographic authentication token using a pre-shared body-sensor key, fresh nonce, and device identifier while extracting a five-dimensional Health Feature Metadata (HFM) vector comprising timestamp deviation (HFM1), sensor-identity novelty (HFM2), packet rate (HFM3), physiological signal drift index (HFM4), and inter-frame gap variance (HFM5). At the MGS, an 8-bit integer (INT8)-quantized Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) autoencoder processes the HFM vector to generate a Health Anomaly Decision (HAD), cryptographically bound to the session key (SK) through SK_H = H(SK ∥ HAD). A SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) layer provides feature-level attribution for anomalous sessions. Evaluation used 12,000 benign authentication traces and 4,800 synthetic attack traces generated on a single-device benchtop testbed. The framework achieved a weighted true-positive rate of 97.4% across four synthetic attack types. An IEEE 802.11 wireless link using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol emulated the WBAN gateway tier; dedicated IEEE 802.15.6 radio hardware was not used. Therefore, the results represent a proof-of-concept rather than validation of real-world, multi-patient WBAN efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}