Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments最新文献_第10页

Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots. 利用自体血块建立肺栓塞微创大鼠模型

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/66776

Ruihao Li, Zuoguan Chen, Yaming Guo, Changduo Wang, Yongpeng Diao, Jing Yang, Yongjun Li

{"title":"Establishment of a Minimally Invasive Rat Model of Pulmonary Embolism Using Autologous Blood Clots.","authors":"Ruihao Li, Zuoguan Chen, Yaming Guo, Changduo Wang, Yongpeng Diao, Jing Yang, Yongjun Li","doi":"10.3791/66776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/66776","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular death, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden. Although current treatments primarily focus on anticoagulation and thrombolysis, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of its pathophysiology and the development of new treatment strategies. Animal models play a crucial role in understanding PE and developing new therapies for the disease, with rodents commonly used due to ethical and cost considerations. However, existing rodent models for PE are limited by a lack of standardized procedures, which hampers reproducibility and cross-study comparisons. This study aims to establish a minimally invasive rat model of PE using autologous blood clots. The model features a minimally invasive blood sampling technique, a standardized thrombus generation procedure, and minimally invasive vein access. Additionally, protocols for quantifying infarcted areas and visualizing the pulmonary arterial tree are provided. These procedures aim to improve the reliability of rodent models for studying PE progression and facilitate the development of novel treatments.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation. 用于评估接受生育力保存的年轻患者卵巢储备功能的 Z 值。

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/66504

Jasmin Hassan, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Atte Lahtinen, Kirsi Jahnukainen, Katri Knuus, Ganesh Acharya, Richelle D Björvang

{"title":"Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation.","authors":"Jasmin Hassan, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Atte Lahtinen, Kirsi Jahnukainen, Katri Knuus, Ganesh Acharya, Richelle D Björvang","doi":"10.3791/66504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/66504","url":null,"abstract":"Women are born with a non-renewable pool of ovarian follicles, referred to as the ovarian reserve. This reserve consists of primordial follicles in the ovaries and can be affected by many factors, such as genetic and endocrine disorders, medical interventions, and endocrine disruptors. Fertility preservation is recommended when gonadotoxic treatments are necessary. The preferred options for women are oocyte and embryo cryopreservation. However, in very young, sexually immature patients, ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the only option. Knowing the follicular density of cryopreserved tissue samples is essential in fertility counseling for young patients. This protocol demonstrates the use of Z-scores for cortical follicle density as a tool to evaluate the quality of ovarian tissue in girls and young women aged 25 years and below who are undergoing fertility preservation. Follicle density in patient samples is compared to age-normalized reference standards, developed by Hassan et al. to estimate possible deviations from the standard. The follicle density is measured through histological quantification. For this, a small piece of ovarian cortical tissue (~2 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) is fixed in either Bouin's or formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4 µm thickness, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and digitized using a slide scanner. Follicular stages present in the cortex range from primordial to primary follicles. The cortical area was 1 mm from the surface epithelium on histological sections. Follicle density is calculated using a modified formula presented by Schmidt et al., and the Z-score is determined using the reference mean and standard deviation. The Z-score indicates how much the measured value deviates from the reference mean, determining reduced (<-1.7 Z-score) ovarian reserve. With this method, follicle densities can be used as a valuable measure of ovarian reserve for young patients requiring fertility preservation.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse. 小鼠体外将无知的 CD4+ T 细胞分化为致病的 Th17 细胞

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/66718

Haofei Wang, Xu Liu, Wei Huang, Xiaojing Wu, Ying Tang, Mingzhu Zheng, Haibo Qiu, Yingzi Huang

{"title":"In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse.","authors":"Haofei Wang, Xu Liu, Wei Huang, Xiaojing Wu, Ying Tang, Mingzhu Zheng, Haibo Qiu, Yingzi Huang","doi":"10.3791/66718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/66718","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro T cell differentiation techniques are essential for both functional and mechanistic investigations of CD4+ T cells. Pathogenic Th17 cells have been linked to a wide range of diseases in recent times, including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and other autoimmune disorders. However, the currently known in vitro differentiation protocols have difficulty achieving high purity of pathogenic Th17 cells, with the induction efficiency often below 50%, which is a key challenge in in vitro experiments. In this protocol, we propose an enhanced in vitro culture and differentiation protocol for pathogenic Th17 cells, which is used to directly differentiate naive CD4+ T cells isolated from mouse spleens into pathogenic Th17 cells. This protocol provides detailed instructions on splenocyte isolation, purification of naive CD4+ T cells, and differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells. Through this protocol, we can achieve a differentiation purity of approximately 90% for pathogenic Th17 cells, which meets the basic needs of many cellular experiments.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and Cryopreservation of Highly Viable Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Whole Blood: A Guide for Beginners. 从全血中分离并冷冻保存高活性人类外周血单核细胞：新手指南》。

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/66794

Brian Dinh, Marten A Hoeksema, Nathanael J Spann, Jacob Rendler, Isidoro Cobo, Christopher K Glass, Calvin Yeang

引用次数: 0

Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis. 动脉粥样硬化中主动脉组织的三维成像。

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/67400

Ting Sun, Mohammad R Monjezi, Xu Xu, Changjun Yin, Andreas J R Habenicht, Sarajo K Mohanta

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Ting Sun, Mohammad R Monjezi, Xu Xu, Changjun Yin, Andreas J R Habenicht, Sarajo K Mohanta","doi":"10.3791/67400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/67400","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has advanced the understanding of atherosclerosis as a transmural chronic inflammatory disease involving all three layers of the arterial wall, including the intima plaque, the media, and the adventitia, which forms the outer connective tissue coat of arteries. Our recent studies have suggested that the adventitia is used by the peripheral nervous system as a conduit for reaching all tissue cells. We also found that the peripheral nervous system, that is, the sensory and sympathetic nervous system, undergoes major remodeling processes involving the neogenesis of axon networks adjacent to atherosclerotic plaques. In this context, understanding the structure of the neural network and its interactions with vascular components of diseased arteries holds major promises for a better understanding of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. To achieve these objectives, methods to visualize the subcellular architecture of the intact healthy and diseased arteries together with their surrounding perivascular compartments are needed. Tissue clearing allows intact deep-tissue imaging of larger tissue compartments that are otherwise inaccessible. It allows volumetric imaging of intact arteries through the integration of labeling, clearing, advanced microscopic imaging, and image processing tools. Here, we describe two distinct but complementary passive tissue clearing approaches, that is, aqueous-based 2, 2-thiodiethanol (TDE) clearing and solvent-based immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organ (iDISCO) clearing to image isolated aortic segments or whole aorta in-situ in the whole mouse.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assay Development for High-Throughput Drug Screening Against Mycobacteria. 针对分枝杆菌的高通量药物筛选的检测开发。

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/66860

Gabriel S Oliveira, Clara M Bento, António Pombinho, Rita Reis, Kevin Van Calster, Linda De Vooght, André F Maia, Paul Cos, Maria Salomé Gomes, Tânia Silva

{"title":"Assay Development for High-Throughput Drug Screening Against Mycobacteria.","authors":"Gabriel S Oliveira, Clara M Bento, António Pombinho, Rita Reis, Kevin Van Calster, Linda De Vooght, André F Maia, Paul Cos, Maria Salomé Gomes, Tânia Silva","doi":"10.3791/66860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/66860","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) infections are challenging to treat due to high intrinsic drug resistance, comparable to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Treatments are extremely ineffective and based on a multi-drug regimen, resulting in low patient compliance. Consequently, the scientific community is urged to identify new and effective drugs to treat these infections. One of the strategies employed to this end is drug repurposing - the process of identifying new therapeutic opportunities for existing drugs in the market, circumventing the time required to establish pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of new drugs. With most studies on drug development against Mab relying on traditional and time-consuming methods, an assay for high-throughput drug screening was developed against mycobacteria using an in house developed double-reporter strain of Mab. Using liquid-handling robotics, automated microscopy, and analysis, alongside in house developed double reporter strains, bacterial viability can be rapidly measured using two different readouts, luminescence and fluorescence, without adding reagents or performing any extra steps. This reduces time and variability between assays, a major advantage for high-throughput screenings. The described protocol was validated by screening a library of 1280 compounds. The obtained results were corroborated by the literature, with efficient detection of active compounds. Thus, this work fulfilled the aim of supplying the field with a new tool to help fight this extremely drug-resistant bacteria.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement of Four Uterine NK Cell Subtypes Using Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure. 利用多重荧光免疫组化染色法测量反复种植失败妇女的四种子宫 NK 细胞亚型

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/67284

Lu Chen, Loucia Kit Ying Chan, Stacey Chui Yiu Wong, Joshua Jing Xi Li, Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung, Chi Chiu Wang, Mingqing Li, Tao Zhang

{"title":"Measurement of Four Uterine NK Cell Subtypes Using Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure.","authors":"Lu Chen, Loucia Kit Ying Chan, Stacey Chui Yiu Wong, Joshua Jing Xi Li, Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung, Chi Chiu Wang, Mingqing Li, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.3791/67284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/67284","url":null,"abstract":"Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays a crucial role in biological research and clinical diagnosis, serving as the most commonly used method for identifying and visualizing tissue antigens. However, traditional IHC staining methods have limitations in distinguishing various subtypes of immune cells. This challenge has driven scientists to explore new technologies and methodologies for precise identification and differentiation of immune cell subtypes. In recent years, multiplex IHC has emerged as a solution, enabling the simultaneous detection of multiple antigens and their visualization within the same tissue sample. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells play a pivotal role in early pregnancy processes, including decidualization, remodeling of uterine spiral arteries, and embryo implantation. Different subtypes of uNK cells exhibit different functions, allowing them to coordinate various biological events for successful embryo development and pregnancy. Therefore, in-depth research on uNK cell subtypes is essential for elucidating immune regulation mechanisms during pregnancy. Such studies provide valuable insights and novel approaches for addressing related conditions such as infertility and recurrent reproductive failure. This paper introduces a detailed multiplex IHC staining protocol for studying the density of four subtypes of uNK cells in endometrial specimens during the window of implantation (WOI). The protocol includes sample preparation, optimization of subtype markers, microscopic imaging, and data analyses. This multiplex IHC staining protocol offers high specificity and sensitivity, enabling simultaneous detection of different uNK cell subtypes, thus providing researchers with a powerful tool to explore the intricacies and mechanisms of immune regulation during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients. 内窥镜手术治疗脊柱结核患者椎旁脓肿的回顾性研究

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.3791/67236

Abuduwufuer Tailaiti, Zhihao Zhao, Tuerhongjiang Abudurexiti, Aikeremujiang Muheremu

{"title":"A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients.","authors":"Abuduwufuer Tailaiti, Zhihao Zhao, Tuerhongjiang Abudurexiti, Aikeremujiang Muheremu","doi":"10.3791/67236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/67236","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the development of innovative treatment strategies. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic debridement as a minimally invasive approach for treating paravertebral abscesses in patients with spinal tuberculosis. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with paravertebral tuberculosis abscesses were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were assigned to two groups: the endoscopic debridement group (n = 30) and the conventional open surgery group (n = 22), based on the type of surgery they received. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up visits at regular intervals, including surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospital stay duration, pain relief, and neurological improvement. The results of this study demonstrate that endoscopic debridement is a highly effective treatment for paravertebral abscesses in patients with spinal TB. Patients in the endoscopic debridement group experienced significant improvements in surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospital stay duration, pain relief, and neurological improvement compared to those in the conventional open surgery group. Additionally, the endoscopic approach resulted in fewer complications, such as wound infections and postoperative instability, with no cases of recurrence observed during the follow-up period. Therefore, this clinical study highlights the potential of endoscopic debridement as a safe and effective treatment modality for spinal tuberculosis. The technique not only effectively eliminates infected tissue but also ensures faster patient recovery and reduces postoperative complications. Additional research and long-term follow-up studies are necessary to confirm the long-term effectiveness and safety of endoscopic debridement as the standard treatment for spinal tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis. 利用二维-TAU 凝胶电泳揭示组蛋白蛋白酶形式。

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3791/67321

Marina La Chimia, Cristina Fontana, Arianna Cosentino, Chiara Bruno, Domenico Iacopetta, Domenica Scumaci

{"title":"Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis.","authors":"Marina La Chimia, Cristina Fontana, Arianna Cosentino, Chiara Bruno, Domenico Iacopetta, Domenica Scumaci","doi":"10.3791/67321","DOIUrl":"10.3791/67321","url":null,"abstract":"Histones undergo various post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, acylation, and ubiquitination, which control nucleosome dynamics and determine cell fate. The nucleosome, which is the functional unit of chromatin, comprises DNA, four pairs of histones (H3, H4, H2A, and H2B) making up the globular core, and the linker histone H1, which stabilizes the chromatin structure. The amino (N)-terminal tails of the histones protrude from the globular core domains and undergo distinct PTMs that influence the chromatin landscape. Some evidence suggests that histone PTM homeostasis is crucial for preserving all physiological activities. The deregulation of histone PTMs is the primary cause of abnormal cellular proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, developing methods for characterizing histone PTMs is crucial. Here, we describe an effective technique for isolating and analyzing histone isoforms. The method, based on the combination of two orthogonal separations, allows the enrichment of histone isoforms and the following mass spectrometry identification. The technique, originally described by Shechter et al., combines acid-urea polyacrylamide gels (TAU-GEL), which can separate basic histone proteins based on size and charge, and Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE), which can separate proteins by molecular weight. The result is a two-dimensional map of histone isoforms, suitable for in-gel digestion followed by mass spectrometry identification and western blot analysis. The result is a two-dimensional map of histone isoforms, suitable for both in-gel digestion followed by mass spectrometry identification and western blot analysis. This proteomic approach is a robust method that allows the enrichment of a single histone isoform and the characterization of new histone PTMs.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening. 使用智能手机进行视力筛查的主观屈光测试。

IF 1.2 4区综合性期刊

Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3791/67506

Gang Luo, Chen-Yuan Lee, Zheng Wang, Preana Shivshanker, Yan Jiang, Shrinivas Pundlik

{"title":"Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening.","authors":"Gang Luo, Chen-Yuan Lee, Zheng Wang, Preana Shivshanker, Yan Jiang, Shrinivas Pundlik","doi":"10.3791/67506","DOIUrl":"10.3791/67506","url":null,"abstract":"To improve access to vision care and to enable mass vision screening, a smartphone app has been developed to measure refractive errors. Without needing any external attachment, the app running on a standalone phone can be used by lay personnel to measure subjective refraction. Its validity has been pilot-tested in clinical settings and underserved communities. The app estimates the refractive error by measuring the distances of far points for discerning visual stimuli. Spherical equivalent refraction and astigmatism can be measured using Tumbling E letters and grating patterns, respectively. The purpose of this paper is to describe the measurement protocols for performing subjective refraction using the app. Experimental results with 34 subjects (30 eyes for spherical equivalent and 38 eyes for astigmatism assessment) are presented. Measurement with the app was compared with standard clinical methods. The average absolute error of spherical equivalent refraction was 0.63D, and the average absolute error of astigmatism measurement was 0.28D. In addition, 22 subjects were enrolled to evaluate inter-pupillary distance (IPD) measurement with the app. The average absolute error in IPD measurement with the app was 1.2 mm. The protocol for measuring IPD with the app is also described.","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 212","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0