Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments最新文献

{"title":"Augmented Multimodal Fusion for Optimized Brain Tumor Detection: Evaluation and Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Pirishita Tuteja, Shruti Arora, Aanshi Bhardwaj, Niyaz Ahmad Wani, Naveed Ahmad, Mohammed Alshara, Yasir Javed","doi":"10.3791/67822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/67822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain tumors represent a significant medical challenge, necessitating accurate and efficient detection methods for timely intervention. This work integrates several pretrained base models, such as VGG16, MobileNetV2, DenseNet121, InceptionV3, and ResNet50, to propose a novel method for brain tumor diagnosis. A streamlined and standardized technique has been proposed to accommodate various base models, ensuring consistency and ease of maintenance and facilitating model comparison. To amplify the variety of the training dataset and enhance model generalization, notable image augmentation methods like adjusting brightness and contrast are utilized. Further, an effective training pipeline utilizing data generators is designed to process large datasets efficiently while conserving computing power. The study conducted a thorough analysis using three different optimizers (Adam, Stochastic Gradient Descent, and Adamax) applied to each pretrained base model, with comprehensive adjustments of hyperparameters. Metrics like recall, accuracy, precision, F1-score, and confusion matrices are used to evaluate the model's performance, providing a comprehensive understanding of the model's behavior. A systematic comparison of each model's performance provided an in-depth examination of strengths and weaknesses, facilitating informed model selection and decision-making for brain tumor detection applications. MobileNetV2 achieved the highest overall performance with an accuracy of 96%, precision of 96%, recall of 94%, and an F1-score of 95% using the Adam optimizer. DenseNet121 and VGG16 also performed well, achieving accuracies of 95% and 94%, respectively. InceptionV3 demonstrated a slightly lower performance compared to the top-performing models, with an accuracy of 93%, precision of 93%, recall of 91%, and an F1-score of 92%. ResNet50 showed relatively lower performance with an accuracy of 77%, precision of 78%, recall of 76%, and an F1-score of 76%. These metrics demonstrate the robustness and efficacy of the proposed method for brain tumor detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Techniques for Comprehensive Sampling of Accessible Tissues in Adult Xenopus.","authors":"Rachael A Jonas-Closs, Cora E Anderson, Leonid Peshkin","doi":"10.3791/68353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenopus has long been a pivotal model organism for investigating vertebrate development and disease, offering deep insights into cellular processes and gene function. Despite the wealth of information on embryonic Xenopus, there remains a significant gap in standardized methods for adult tissue sampling, especially for modern approaches like quantitative proteomics. This study introduces a comprehensive protocol for rapid, precise, and efficient sampling of multiple tissues in adult Xenopus. The protocol addresses challenges associated with the subtle anatomical differences compared to other anurans, ensuring reproducibility even for those with limited experience in frog dissection. This protocol is optimized for high-quality biochemical analyses by prioritizing sample freshness. We are facilitating the rapid collection of up to 18 tissues within an hour. Additionally, the methods apply to perfused and unperfused conditions, providing flexibility for a range of experimental needs. This work not only fills a critical methodological gap for Xenopus laevis and tropicalis but also serves as a valuable resource for researchers adapting techniques to similar amphibian models, thereby enhancing the scope and reliability of comparative biological and evolutionary studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Alberto Roso-Moliner, Demetrio Lozano, Oscar Villanueva-Guerrero, Hadi Nobari, Elena Mainer-Pardos","doi":"10.3791/67401","DOIUrl":"10.3791/67401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromuscular training is a methodology used in sports to improve the physical performance of athletes. Soccer has physical demands of power and speed, so players need to develop sprinting, changing direction, and jumping skills. According to these objectives, a novel neuromuscular training protocol has been developed to improve physical performance in terms of jumping, speed, and direction changes in adult female soccer players. The protocol is based on mobility exercises, stability, anterior and posterior chain strength, lumbopelvic control, and change of direction ability. For this, 34 female soccer players were randomly divided into a control group (CG, n = 17) and an experimental group (EG, n = 17) during 10 weeks of intervention. Hedges'g was used for the effect size. The control group did not show significant improvements in any variable (p > 0.05). The experimental group showed significant time-group improvements with a large effect size on the countermovement jump right (CMJR; p = 0.05, ES = 1.13), countermovement jump (CMJ; p = 0.05, ES = 1.35), and countermovement jump left (CMJL; p = 0.05, ES = 0.83), peak speed (p < 0.05; ES = 0.96) and 180 change of direction (180 COD) in the intergroup analysis (p < 0.05; ES = -1.29 to -1.39). Novel variables such as bilateral deficit and change of direction deficit showed significant improvements in the experimental group (change of direction deficit left (CODDL): p = 0.05, ES = -1.24; change of direction deficit right (CODDR): p = 0.05, ES = -1.15 and bilateral limb deficit (BLD): p= 0.05, ES = -0.49). In conclusion, the novel neuromuscular training intervention, which included weekly progressions and unilateral and bilateral exercises, showed significant improvements in the physical performance of adult female soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium Clip and Dental Floss Traction Assisted Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Resection for Early Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Xiao Su, Wenyang Zhang, Jiayi Xiao, Jialin Zhang, Yaying He, Ying Huang, Yunwei Sun","doi":"10.3791/68117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) is used to diagnose and treat early gastrointestinal tumors. ESD allows for curative resection of superficial gastrointestinal lesions, with the advantage of treating multiple lesions in a single session and performing repeated procedures when necessary. However, ESD operations require a large field of view, and when bleeding occurs, the restricted space may make it difficult to locate and control the bleeding site in a timely manner. Larger wounds created during ESD procedures require even more space, and while tunneling technology has emerged, it is still considered less direct compared to having an additional hand to open the peeled mucosal window. Although transparent caps can help expose the surgical field, their effectiveness is limited when dealing with larger wounds. Various auxiliary techniques have been explored to address these challenges. In our endoscopic diagnosis and treatment center, we have been using ESD for many years, performing approximately 200 cases annually of gastric mucosal lesions and submucosal masses. The vertical and horizontal margins were negative, and the resection was complete, avoiding surgical treatment. Among these cases, 10 involved the use of dental floss-assisted traction during ESD. Dental floss assistance, as one of the auxiliary ESD methods, has the advantages of convenience and ease of use, which facilitates the imaging process. By securing the tail of a titanium clip with dental floss, the procedure becomes more efficient and adaptable. The traction wire can be pulled as needed during the operation, helping to expose and control the field of view. This significantly supplements the effect of the transparent cap, which may be less effective in larger wound areas. Dental floss traction acts as a third hand, expanding the operational space, facilitating endoscopic maneuvers, reducing surgical time, and minimizing the risk of side injuries during the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro.","authors":"Jiaming Wang, Wenxin Dai, Shuqi Zhou, Wenfu Ma","doi":"10.3791/68389","DOIUrl":"10.3791/68389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus-like particle (SC2-VLP) method offers a powerful and accessible tool for studying the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle without the need for biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories. This system effectively mimics critical stages of the viral life cycle, including assembly, genome packaging, and egress, using a luciferase reporter fused to the T20 signal for sensitive and precise detection of viral particle production. SC2-VLPs are generated by co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, including membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), envelop (E), and spike (S), along with the RNA packaging signal in HEK-293T cells. Unlike traditional virus-like particle systems, the SC2-VLP method ensures accurate quantification and greater fidelity to the natural viral life cycle. Furthermore, compared to lentiviral pseudotyping methods, which are limited to studying viral entry through the incorporation of S protein into HIV-based lentiviral particles, the SC2-VLP system provides a more comprehensive platform for exploring multiple stages of SARS-CoV-2 biology. While this method bypasses the risks of handling live virus and expands accessibility. The SC2-VLP method represents a significant advancement in antiviral research and the development of therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus.","authors":"Luke Stanley, Jesús F Peña","doi":"10.3791/67790","DOIUrl":"10.3791/67790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phycomyces blakesleeanus, a filamentous fungus within the Mucoromycota phylum, is distinguished by its remarkable capacity for environmental perception and adaptive responses. While past work has shown that environmental stimuli, including gravity, light, moisture, and nutrient availability, influence its growth dynamics and reproductive strategies, the underlying mechanisms remain a focal area of research. Environmental cues trigger sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction begins with pheromone signaling, which triggers hyphal chemoattraction, eventually leading to serial morphological transitions culminating in the formation of a zygospore. In a laboratory setting, crosses of P. blakesleeanus result in complementary mycelia undergoing the sexual cycle at different stages. Our work aims to test if environmental cues can trigger mating across the mycelia of P. blakesleeanus. Crosses of P. blakesleeanus grown on nutrient-limited media will be subjected to nutrient-limited agar to trigger a sexual response in accordance with nutrient deprivation. Successful triggering of mating in P. blakesleeanus will facilitate future studies that require a large amount of sexually reproducing mycelia in specific stages. The outcome of this research will further enhance our understanding of how P. blakesleeanus reproductive mechanisms are influenced by environmental factors, contributing to the broader knowledge base on the sexual reproduction of filamentous fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Pharmacology and Validation of the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Qiangzhifang in a Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Depression Rat Model.","authors":"Wanqing Ren, Tongzheng Liu, Jie Liu, Jianlin Wu","doi":"10.3791/68198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/68198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder that poses significant treatment challenges.Qiangzhifang (QZF), a compound used in traditional Chinese medicine, demonstrates potential clinical efficacy in treating depression.However, the mechanisms of action and active ingredients of QZF have not been fully elucidated.The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the effective active ingredients and potential molecular mechanisms of QZF for the alleviation of depression by integrating network pharmacology predictions with experimental validations. We adopted a chronic restraint stress (CRS) rat model and conducted behavioral tests such as the open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST) to evaluate the therapeutic effects of QZF on depression. Regarding behavioral parameters, the QZF group exhibited significantly higher body mass, sucrose preference ratio, and central zone residence time compared to the model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), and a significantly reduced immobilization time in the forced swimming test (P < 0.001).Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies suggest that QZF may have antidepressant effects by modulating the HIF-1 and JAK-STAT pathways, with key target genes including AKT1, IL-6, MTOR, and TP53, implicated in inflammation, neuroprotection, and apoptosis.In conclusion, this study offers new insights into the modernization and development of Chinese medicine compounds for the comprehensive treatment of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniportal Full Endoscopic Posterolateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.","authors":"Wen-Chien Chen, Yun-Da Li, Chi-An Luo","doi":"10.3791/68266","DOIUrl":"10.3791/68266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion (FE-TLIF) has recently shown promising results. However, beginners may face challenges in mastering the technical skills required to overcome the learning curve for a more efficient and safer procedure. The goals of this study are to provide a detailed FE-TLIF procedure and provide a step-by-step explanation of all methods, as well as to use written text to describe key techniques and precautions for ensuring a safer and more efficient procedure. We present a case of L4-L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis syndrome and right sciatica. The study offers valuable educational video footage detailing each step of the FE-TLIF procedure. The protocol incorporates the use of several instruments common to conventional TLIF procedures, an efficient outside-in technique with a trephine for IAP resection, endoscopic visualization for endplate preparation, and nerve protection. With proper education, FE-TLIF can be effectively learned, leading to favorable clinical outcomes while minimizing complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears with Autologous Fascia Lata Graft.","authors":"You-Hung Cheng, Poyu Chen, Chung-Yu Chen, Cheng-Pang Yang, Chen-Heng Hsu, Alvin Chao-Yu Chen, Joe Chih-Hao Chiu","doi":"10.3791/68064","DOIUrl":"10.3791/68064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the efficacy of superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) using fascia lata autograft for treating irreparable rotator cuff tears. Based on our experience and existing literature, SCR has demonstrated promising outcomes, offering improved shoulder stability, reduced pain, and prevention of humeral head migration. Patients undergoing SCR with fascia lata autograft achieved near-normal shoulder range of motion postoperatively, with maintained acromio-humeral distance observed in radiographic follow-ups. Various graft modifications, including the use of dermal grafts and the long head of the biceps tendon, have been explored. Yet, studies indicate the superior thickness and tensile strength of fascia lata autograft supports more durable outcomes. The SCR protocol detailed in this study includes meticulous graft harvesting, arthroscopic examination, and precise graft placement with suture anchors to ensure stability. Postoperative care involves immobilization followed by gradual rehabilitation, promoting effective healing and functional recovery. This approach highlights SCR's potential as a valuable treatment for active patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Mouse Models for Ménétrier's Disease.","authors":"Tryston T Gabriel, Jason D Park, Satish K Madala, Robert J Coffey, Won Jae Huh","doi":"10.3791/67981","DOIUrl":"10.3791/67981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ménétrier's disease (MD) is a rare acquired premalignant gastric disorder characterized by giant rugal folds, decreased acid secretion, and protein loss. MD patients show increased expression of an EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand, transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) in the stomach. The EGFR-neutralizing antibody, cetuximab, results in rapid clinical improvement and histological remission. Beyond these findings, the etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The Metallothionein (MT)-TGFα transgenic mouse line is the first MD mouse model that recapitulates histopathological features of MD, including foveolar hyperplasia and loss of parietal cells. In this mouse model, TGFα is driven by the heavy metal-inducible MT enhancer/promoter. Prior studies have used zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) in drinking water or intraperitoneal injections of cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) to induce TGFα. However, we found that MT-TGFα mice develop phenotypes without heavy metal treatment, indicating leakiness of the promoter. We also found that overexpression of TGFα suppresses Mist1 expression, a transcription factor important for chief cell differentiation, thus hindering genetic manipulation in chief cells using the Mist1-CreERT2 mouse line. To overcome this, we developed an inducible mouse model (Doxi-TGFα) in which TGFα is induced by doxycycline treatment (CMV-rtTA; TetO-TGFα). Although the Doxi-TGFα mouse model develops milder phenotypes than the MT-TGFα model, it recapitulated features of MD, including foveolar hyperplasia and loss of parietal cells. Using the Doxi-TGFα mouse model, we found that spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is induced in MD, and SPEM is derived from chief cells by lineage tracing using the Mist1-CreERT2 mouse line. Both MT-TGFα and Doxi-TGFα mouse models offer in vivo models of MD and are useful for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying MD pathogenesis and treatment options for the disease. The Doxi-TGFα mice will also be a useful model to study the effects of overexpression of TGFα in other tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 220","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}