Dongjin Cui , Chang Su , Jian Hang , Mengye Zhu , Guanwen Chen , Cheuk Ming Mak
{"title":"Effects of vertical greening on the thermal environment and energy consumption in different street canyons","authors":"Dongjin Cui , Chang Su , Jian Hang , Mengye Zhu , Guanwen Chen , Cheuk Ming Mak","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical greening is vital for energy conservation and urban sustainability. However, previous studies have seldom considered the energy-saving effects of vertical greening within street canyons—an important representative urban model. This study employs ENVI-met and EnergyPlus to evaluate the energy savings of vertical greening in twelve typical street canyon scenarios with varying aspect ratios (<em>H/W</em> = 1, 2, 4) and orientations (North–South, East–West, Northeast–Southwest, Northwest–Southeast). We quantified the relative contributions of building surface temperature reduction (Δ <em>T<sub>se</sub></em>) and air temperature reduction (<em>ΔT</em><sub><em>a</em></sub>) to overall energy efficiency. Remarkably, our findings reveal that Δ <em>T<sub>se</sub></em> accounts for over 97 % of the total energy-saving contribution—a novel insight contrasting with previous studies that emphasized combined impacts. Additionally, the results indicate that stronger solar radiation in street canyons leads to greater reductions in building surface temperatures. To achieve maximum daily energy savings, the optimal combinations of street orientation and aspect ratio are: North–South orientation when <em>H/W</em> = 1, Southwest–Northeast when <em>H/W</em> = 2, and Northwest–Southeast when <em>H/W</em> = 4. This study is among the first to quantify the combined effects of different street canyon configurations and vertical greening on urban energy savings, providing effective methodologies and new insights for implementing sustainable urban vertical greening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105979"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeongwoo Lee , Caryl Anne M. Barquilla , Kitae Park , Andy Hong
{"title":"Urban form and seasonal PM2.5 dynamics: Enhancing air quality prediction using interpretable machine learning and IoT sensor data","authors":"Jeongwoo Lee , Caryl Anne M. Barquilla , Kitae Park , Andy Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the critical issue of how urban form characteristics influence PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, a key concern for public health in densely populated cities. Traditional monitoring methods have faced data gaps and methodological limitations. To address this, we employed interpretable machine learning (ML) models with data from 1,069 Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors across Seoul, South Korea (September 2020–August 2023). Over 80 urban form variables—including density, transportation, road design, building morphology, and land use—were analyzed using Recursive Feature Elimination to identify key factors affecting PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations within three buffer zones (300-m, 500-m, 1-km). The random forest model demonstrated the highest accuracy, with an R² of 95 % for autumn and 96 % for spring. Our findings show higher PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels in colder months, driven by road width and building density in autumn and traffic and industrial activity in winter. In summer, green spaces and meteorological conditions were primary factors, while spring air quality was notably impacted by localized traffic emissions around highways and bus stops. This study offers robust predictions and actionable insights for urban planning and air quality management. Future research could integrate additional environmental variables and expand sensor coverage to further refine predictive models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105976"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Chen Goh , Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan , Nadzirah Zainordin , Ika Diyah Candra Arifah , Muhamad Azahar Abas , Md Asrul Nasid Masrom , Sulzakimin Mohamed , Roshartini Omar , Sui Lai Khoo , Hun Chuen Gui , Tien Choon Toh , Choo Wou Onn
{"title":"Expediting decarbonization in energy, waste, and water sector through digitalization in sustainable smart cities (SSC): Case-studies in Malaysia and China based on Industry 5.0 paradigm","authors":"Kai Chen Goh , Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan , Nadzirah Zainordin , Ika Diyah Candra Arifah , Muhamad Azahar Abas , Md Asrul Nasid Masrom , Sulzakimin Mohamed , Roshartini Omar , Sui Lai Khoo , Hun Chuen Gui , Tien Choon Toh , Choo Wou Onn","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the application of Industry 5.0 principles in smart cities development in Malaysia and China, focusing on digital transformation for sustainable urban development. The study presents case-studies from both the countries, highlighting the implementation strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with integrating advanced technologies to enhance efficiency, climate resilience, and sustainability. This study aims to develop a data-driven methodology to address the absence of region-specific frameworks for sustainable smart cities (SSCs) and to evaluate their impacts. In Malaysia, the implementation of smart energy management systems that utilize IoT and AI has shown promise in reducing carbon footprints and maximizing resource efficiency. China's focus on smart water management using sensor networks and real-time data analytics provides insights into effective water conservation. Smart waste management systems have increased recycling rates by 20–30 %. Progress is crucial for the region's pursuit of SSCs to reach a global investment of USD 2.5 trillion by 2025. This work concludes by discussing the implications of this work in both countries to achieve sustainable urbanization through Industry 5.0 technologies. This work offers recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and technologists to navigate the complexities of smart city development, while providing a roadmap to leverage digital transformation to achieve decarbonization goals in energy, waste and water sector by 2060.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105969"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Wan , Han Du , Lei Yuan , Xuesong Xu , Haida Tang , Jianfeng Zhang
{"title":"Exploring the influence of block environmental characteristics on land surface temperature and its spatial heterogeneity for a high-density city","authors":"Yang Wan , Han Du , Lei Yuan , Xuesong Xu , Haida Tang , Jianfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fundamental understanding of the spatial change trends and driving mechanisms of land surface temperature (LST) under urbanization is a prerequisite for the development of effective strategies to mitigate the urban heat island effect. In this study, the built-up blocks of Shenzhen, a high-density city in China, were selected as the unit of analysis. Multi-source datasets were utilized to calculate a total of 44 environmental characteristic indicators, covering four categories. In order to comprehensively analyze the influence of each environmental feature indicator on LST and spatial heterogeneity, MLR, XGBoost and MGWR models were constructed. Furthermore, the nonlinear relationship between the variables was investigated using the SHAP method. The results demonstrated that the predictive efficacy of the MGWR and XGBoost models was markedly superior to that of the MLR model. The percentage cover of forest, the average elevation, NDVI, the frontal area index and the standard deviation of building height were identified as the primary determinants of the LST. These factors account for >52 % to the explanation of the LST distribution. The effects of the majority of landscape pattern, building form and street view indicators on LST exhibited spatial heterogeneity. Furthermore, the indicators also showed nonlinear patterns and threshold effects on LST. The findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the urban thermal environment, particularly in high-density urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105973"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding how digital infrastructure construction could promote sustainable development","authors":"Zihao Ma, Pingdan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progress made in environmental protection may negatively affect regional socioeconomic development, reducing or impairing the ability of local economic systems to defend against external shocks, culminating in weakened economic resilience. Implementing carbon abatement programs without risking economic resilience is therefore an urgent problem for the international community, especially for its emerging national economies. Digital infrastructure construction (DIC), as a driving force of technological progress and structural transformation, may offer a viable solution to that problem. Here, we used county-level data for China, the biggest emerging economy in the world, to investigate whether and how Smart City Pilot policy (SCP, a policy close to DIC) has lowered regional carbon emissions and influenced economic resilience. We find that the SCP could significantly promote carbon abatement goals, and this result is robust under several tests. Further, chain-based mediating effect analysis revealed that the SCP's beneficial impact could have arisen by first promoting innovation and then productivity, and public concern acting as a stressor that pressures officials to engage in environmental governance. Furthermore, our results show the SCP is capable of bolstering regional economic resilience, and could even offset or negate the adverse effects of strict environmental regulation on that resilience. However, the positive effects of the SCP on carbon abatement in China's developed counties, or ones located in a resources-based city, were not significant. Altogether, our empirical results highlight how DIC can serve as a way to help achieve sustainable development, but more studies on its contributing role are clearly needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105977"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Yu , Fu Xiao , Hanbei Zhang , Wei Liao , Yanxue Li
{"title":"A two-stage coordinated restoration scheme of hybrid AC/DC distribution grid considering cold load pickup and resilience enhancement","authors":"Hang Yu , Fu Xiao , Hanbei Zhang , Wei Liao , Yanxue Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ever-increasingly severe weather events have elevated the quest for resilience in distribution grids. Cold load pickup (CLPU), a common occurrence in buildings with thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), generates a significant peak power demand when loads restart. With widespread TCLs distribution, the restoration speed and power level could be impacted by the conventional grid restoration scheme due to limited distribution generator (DG) capability and power supply paths. In this context, this paper proposes a two-stage coordinated restoration scheme based on the novel hybrid AC/DC distribution grid, encompassing the grid configuration level, information interaction level, and designed restoration flow. The typical delayed exponential model is used to characterize CLPU properties during extended outages. In the 1st stage, the contained coordinated restoration strategy decides the optimal load restoration sequence with CLPU concerned. Then, the grid loss optimization is carried out in stage 2 to generate the proper power reference for DGs and voltage source converters (VSCs) of hybrid grids. In case studies, four types of heterogeneous buildings with varied CLPU characteristics are deployed in the analyzed grid. It is verified that the proposed scheme could make effective aggregation and dispatching for multiple DGs, achieving an additional 11.3 h of total load support, a 16.5 % increase of DG utilization and an 11.7 % enhancement of the resilience index compared to the conventional restoration scheme. Furthermore, this scheme demonstrates adaptability for resilience improvement under varied temperatures and fault locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105959"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can smart cities improve energy resilience? Evidence from 229 cities in China","authors":"Zhen Wang , Yu Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy security is a crucial component of national economic stability and growth. Given current technological limitations, improving management strategies is essential for safeguarding energy resources. Digital technologies play a pivotal role in enhancing management efficiency, thus contributing to energy security. As a key element of modernization, smart cities leverage digital solutions to drive urban development and have the potential to catalyze an energy revolution. Nevertheless, the relationship between energy security and smart cities remains underexplored, creating gaps in policy-making and implementation. This study, leveraging the smart city pilot policies enacted in 2012, 2013, and 2015, utilizes a sample of 229 prefecture-level cities covering the period from 2010 to 2020. Employing the Propensity Score Matched Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) model, the research assesses smart city policies’ impact on energy resilience. The results show that smart city policies significantly enhance energy resilience through three separate pathways: optimizing resource allocation, upgrading industrial structure, and promoting technological progress. Notably, smart city polices have more beneficial effects on the city characterized by low fiscal expenditure, being populous, resource-based, having high human capital, and being located in eastern region. This study aids in the improvement and promotion of smart city policies, thereby enhancing energy resilience and achieving sustainable urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105971"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-scale effects of LCZ and urban green infrastructure on diurnal land surface temperature dynamics","authors":"Yuxin Yan, Wenchen Jian, Boya Wang, Zhicheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of urban green infrastructure (UGI) on land surface temperature (LST) has been widely discussed as a strategy to improve urban thermal environments. However, most studies have focused primarily on daytime conditions. Due to the limitations of polar-orbiting satellites like the Landsat series, the influence of UGI on LST over a 24-hour cycle remains unclear. To assess the relative influence and interdependence of UGI characteristics on LST across four different grid scales over the diurnal cycle, this study, conducted within Beijing's Fifth Ring Road during the summer, utilized a random forest (RF) regression model. The results indicate that: (1) UGI's impact on LST follows two distinct patterns: daytime (morning and afternoon) and non-daytime (night and dawn), which indicates the intensity of sunlight as a key driving factor; (2) tree landscape pattern indices are the most significant factors affecting LST; (3) during non-daytime periods (night and dawn), cropland's cooling effect is equally important as that of trees. These findings are valuable for prioritizing and strategically placing different types of UGI in urban planning. However, as this study focuses on a specific area, future research should include comparative studies in cities with different climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105945"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of agglomeration on CO2 emissions in China's transport sector: A spatial econometric analysis","authors":"Puju Cao , Zhao Liu , Huan Zhang , Lanye Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term processes of urbanization and industrialization have led to the agglomeration of population and industry, fostering economic development while introducing opportunities and challenges for carbon reduction in transport. This paper integrates the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology Model with the Spatial Durbin Model to assess the effects of population agglomeration and industrial agglomeration on transport carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical results show that a 1% increase in population agglomeration decreases local transport carbon dioxide emissions by 1.7065% and generates a spillover effect of 1.0542% in surrounding areas. In contrast, industrial agglomeration increases regional transport carbon dioxide emissions by an average of 0.3308% without significant spillover effects. Furthermore, economic agglomeration exhibits an N-shaped relationship with transport carbon dioxide emissions, reflecting the dual influences of the \"economic effect\" and the \"congestion effect\". Mechanism analysis reveals that both types of agglomeration can modulate the impact of infrastructure development on transport carbon dioxide emissions, suggesting that effective infrastructure planning can help alleviate the negative environmental impacts. This study provides a spatial mode for understanding the synergistic effects of population planning, industrial development, and environmental improvement, offering significant reference value for policymakers in the decision-making related to low-carbon transport development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105966"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Helmi , Viviana Bastidas , Kwadwo Oti-Sarpong , Jennifer Schooling
{"title":"Sustainable urban digital innovation: A socio-technical competency-based approach to evaluation","authors":"Ahmad Helmi , Viviana Bastidas , Kwadwo Oti-Sarpong , Jennifer Schooling","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the leadership competencies required in practice by city planners and managers in smart city projects focusing on environmental urban sustainability. Although the literature notes that urban technologies and their capabilities can help address sustainability challenges in cities, there is a lack of studies exploring the competency requirements necessary to foster leadership capacity. This paper identifies leadership competencies within four real-world case studies in the urban built environment, guided by a socio-technical competency framework (DC2-CF). The selected case studies represent a diverse set of city planning purposes, geographic regions, various levels of spatial scale, and socio-technical elements of digital innovation. In these case studies, city managers exhibit specific competencies to develop digital innovation projects that uphold and advance urban sustainability. The study demonstrates the relevance and practical application of DC2-CF as a valuable tool to identify competency needs for local public, private, and community stakeholders throughout diverse stages of the urban digital innovation process. The findings suggest the complex relationship between competencies and project delivery, stressing variations in how they are utilised across various projects. Drawing from these key results, this paper provides practical recommendations for city professionals, guiding them in leading climate-friendly and sustainable urban digital innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105946"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}