Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献

{"title":"Growth patterns and factors of electric vehicle charging infrastructure for sustainable development","authors":"Hongyu Hu ,&nbsp;Dong Zhao ,&nbsp;Ali Zockaie ,&nbsp;Mehrnaz Ghamami","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid electric vehicle (EV) adoption necessitates efficient charging infrastructure. This study examines the growth patterns of EV charging infrastructure along with their socioeconomic drivers and strategic implications for long-term sustainable development. EV adoption rate (EV%) is used to analyze the growth metrics—Inflection Point, Convergence Point, and Saturation Point—to capture phases of initial expansion, stabilization, and plateauing demand, respectively. This study employs an allocation model to simulate EV charging station's (EVCS) distribution across EV% (5 %–95 %) for 20 Michigan cities, representing diverse metropolitan contexts. Results identify three key benchmarks: the inflection point (EV% = 25 %), where growth accelerates; the convergence point (EV% = 80 %), where growth stabilizes; and the saturation point (EV% = 100 %), where no additional EVCS is needed. Statistical analyses validate these benchmarks while revealing significant variability across urban contexts, driven by factors such as metropolitan density and high-traffic road ratios. Four growth patterns and strategies are discussed: large cities exhibit rapid acceleration, early stabilization, and swift capacity attainment due to high density; medium cities demonstrate slow acceleration, late stabilization, and extended capacity attainment; small cities experience rapid acceleration, early stabilization and swift capacity attainment, relying on transient traffics; and small hubs face slow acceleration, delayed stabilization, and prolonged capacity attainment, relying on external traffic, as transportation nodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106417"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling effects of tree transpiration: A CFD simulation study on heterogeneous tree canopy configurations (TCCs)","authors":"Le An ,&nbsp;Jian Hang ,&nbsp;Yujie Zhao ,&nbsp;Liyue Zeng ,&nbsp;Hanying Dong ,&nbsp;Yuguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Na Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While tree transpiration is widely recognized for its cooling and humidifying effects, current research lacks quantitative studies on thermal comfort under varying environmental conditions and tree canopy configurations (TCCs). This gap limits the ability of urban green infrastructure to effectively regulate microclimates, particularly in optimizing TCCs for thermal comfort across diverse climates. To address this, we employed a porous model in computational fluid dynamics to simulate six TCCs under various environmental conditions (ambient temperature <em>T_a</em>=20 °C, 30 °C, relative humidity <em>RH</em>=30 %, 60 %) and evaluated their cooling intensity using multiple thermal comfort indices. We found that heterogeneous TCCs influence wind field distribution, categorized as periodic/non-periodic variation (PV/NPV), with a similar wind-blocking efficiency of ∼81 %. The Unit Area Cooling Index (<em>UACI</em>) quantitatively compares the effect of per unit tree canopy area on the distribution of cooling region. In PV, the tree coverage ratio is smaller, but the cooling region per canopy area is larger than in NPV, exhibiting a trend opposite to cooling effectiveness. The thermal comfort decreases with increasing <em>RH</em> for both temperature conditions. At <em>T_a</em>=30 °C, evaluated by thermal indices (Heat Index, <em>Humidex</em>, Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature), NPV shows greater improvement in thermal comfort. At <em>T_a</em>=20 °C, PV performs better when assessed by the Net Effective Temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106374"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the relationship between public open space and the thermal environment in Shanghai based on multisource data integration","authors":"Yishao Shi,&nbsp;Yuxin Mao,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization has increased the severity of the urban thermal environment, and public open space (POS) plays an important role in improving the urban thermal environment. Previous studies focused on the cooling effect of a single type of POS but seldom paid attention to the comprehensive cooling/warming effect and heterogeneity of multi-type POSs. This paper combines multisource data to classify and extract the POSs in Shanghai. Through remote sensing image inversion of the urban surface temperature, the spatial and temporal evolution of urban heat islands (UHIs) in Shanghai was analysed. By constructing an evaluation index system, the correlations among the internal thermal environment, external thermal environment and influencing factors of POS are revealed. The results indicate that (1) the UHI effect in Shanghai is no longer limited to the city centre but extends to the peripheral areas, with obvious characteristics of \"inner bulge and outer depression\" and \"south cold and north hot, east cold and west hot\". (2) Urban parks can improve the thermal environment to a certain extent, but sports grounds and square land can cause small-scale UHIs. A total of 99.06 % of urban parks have cooling effects, the average cooling distance is 199.33 m, and the average cooling intensity is 2.83 °C. A total of 86.67 % of the sports venues have a warming effect, and the influence distance (207.15 m) is slightly greater than that of urban parks. (3) The average value of the enhanced impervious surface index (ENDISI) in urban parks has a significant positive effect on land surface temperature (LST), whereas the circumference and water body proportion have a significant negative effect on LST. The average LST of square land is negatively correlated with the proportion of forest area and positively correlated with the ENDISI. There was a significant positive correlation between the average LST inside the sports venue and its external ENDISI. When the external ENDISI decreases by 0.0423, the average LST inside the sports venue decreases by 1 °C. (4) For cold island spaces with cooling effects, the greater the proportions of forestland within the samples, the greater the mean values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the smaller the proportions of impervious surface, and the smaller the mean values of the ENDISI are, the greater the cooling distances to the external environment. For every 1.36 °C decrease in the LST within the sample, every 0.29 increase in the mean NDVI, every 0.09 decrease in the mean normalized difference water index (NDWI) of the external environment, and every 0.04 increase in the mean ENDISI of the external environment, the cooling amplitude of the sample to the external thermal environment increases by 1 °C. The research results provide data that can be used to improve the urban thermal environment and cope with the challenges of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106415"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined definition of level-of-detail for tree models in support of microclimate simulation","authors":"Han Xu ,&nbsp;Cynthia Changxin Wang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Shen ,&nbsp;Sisi Zlatanova ,&nbsp;Riccardo Paolini","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanisation and global climate change are amplifying urban overheating, posing challenges to livability, health outcomes, and energy consumption in built environment. Increasing trees is a primary heat mitigation strategy, with landscape design assisted by microclimate simulations. However, currently the representation of trees in microclimate models, such as the widely used ENVI-met, often falls short in supporting this task, due to insufficient level of detail (LOD). Current LOD definitions predominantly emphasize the geometric aspects of trees, often oversimplifying their physical attributes, which leads to considerable uncertainty. Consequently, previous studies on tree reconstruction focused heavily on creating models with intricate visual details but have overlooked crucial physical characteristics, thereby limiting their applicability. This study aims to fill this research gap by using ENVI-met microclimate simulations to evaluate how simulation results can be influenced by a range of tree parameters, including tree dimensions, canopy geometry, leaf area density, foliage shortwave transmittance, foliage shortwave albedo, and leaf type. Microclimate simulations are performed in two scenarios: an isolated tree and an idealized urban canyon. Both geometric characteristics and physical characteristics are found to have a significant impact on the simulation results. Therefore, a refined LOD is proposed, aiming to enhance the realistic representation of trees in microclimate simulation supporting the investigation of countermeasures to urban heat stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106387"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring inequality in green space accessibility for women - Evidence from Mashhad, Iran","authors":"Masoud Minaei ,&nbsp;Yasin Sayyad Salar ,&nbsp;Iwona Zwierzchowska ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Azinmoghaddam ,&nbsp;Angela Hof","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green spaces are essential elements of urban structure that contribute to human well-being and health. In some urban societies, women are less mobile and have lower capabilities to benefit from public urban green spaces, therefore more attention should be paid to providing them with equitable access to urban green spaces (UGSs). In this study, we have investigated the availability of and accessibility to UGSs for the total women population and for different groups of women, including homemakers (housewives), and family members they are caregivers for, that is the senior women population and children aged 5 to 14. Spatial criteria analyzed are proximity to urban green spaces, number of UGSs’ service areas overlapping at the block level, per capita urban green spaces, number and distance to public transportation stations, and distance to bike paths in relation and percent of apartments in city blocks presence in Mashhad city. To address the spatial inequities in UGS accessibility, advanced Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods were utilized. The Best-Worst Method (BWM) was used to weigh the criteria, and the WASPAS, MARCOS, EDAS and COCOSO methods were used to rank the city blocks. These methods enabled a nuanced analysis of disparities in UGS access and provided a robust framework for prioritizing interventions. The results showed that UGSs are not equally accessible for women in the city. Socially and economically privileged classes in Western areas had better access to UGSs, while the need for improved access to UGSs is greater in Eastern regions with lower socio-economic status, which face the greatest accessibility challenges. Meanwhile, clusters of very low access and very high demand for access can be observed in various parts of the city. By integrating these advanced MCDM methods, the study provides a comprehensive approach for evaluating spatial inequities at the residential block level and offers a basis for formulating targeted green city policies. The results allowed for an assessment of the current state and an indication of priority areas for improvement. This methodology, evaluates various conditions at the residential block level, which can be applied both in Mashhad and internationally to support urban planners and policymakers in making informed decisions. Ultimately, it contributes to the equitable distribution of UGSs, enhancing accessibility and usability across diverse groups of women and fostering healthier and more vibrant communities in the women-friendly city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106406"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The landscape pattern characteristics of urban built-up land significantly influence urban thermal comfort: Evidence from large cities in China","authors":"Chunguang Hu,&nbsp;Hui Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid convergence of urban development drivers and Thermal Comfort (TC) demands highlights a critical gap in understanding the relationship between the Landscape Pattern Characteristics (LPC) of Urban Built-up Land (UBL) and TC. Using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) within an Interpretable Machine Learning (IML) framework, this study investigates the nonlinear, spatially non-stationary impacts of UBL's LPC on TC. The findings reveal complex spatial interactions: (1) A threshold effect between patch area and TC, with TC sharply declining when the Largest Patch Index (LPI) exceeds 0.65 and the Mean Patch Area (AREA_MN) surpasses 0.2; (2) Patch shape complexity exhibits a significant nonlinear relationship with TC: higher Perimeter-Area Fractal Dimension (PAFRAC &gt; 0.36) and Shape Area Metric (SHAPE_AM &gt; 0.22) increase shape irregularity, enhancing heat retention and negatively impacting TC; (3) Moderate patch aggregation, characterized by Patch Density (PD) &gt; 0.15, can improve TC if inter-patch connectivity, measured by Effective Mesh Size (MESH &lt; 0.1), is sufficiently enhanced; (4) The interaction of area, shape, and aggregation characteristics reveals key regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the positive impact of small-scale, simplified morphologies and reduced fragmentation on TC. These findings provide scientific guidance for urban planning and microclimate regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106402"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the influencing factors of green transformation efficiency in resource-exhausted cities through the lens of Chinese case studies: A framework integrating urban system composition analysis and PLS-SEM methodology","authors":"Ziyi Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Prasanna Divigalpitiya","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In resource-exhausted cities, improving the efficiency of green transformation requires analysis of influencing factors and action paths. DEMATEL-ISM method and MICMAC model were used to analyze the dependence and driving force of five influencing factors. Based on PLS-SEM model, the hierarchical structure and action path of the influencing factors were quantitatively analyzed through 39-sample cities in China. Simultaneously, the relationship between spatial form and Urban Green Transformation Efficiency (UGTE) and its reasons are qualitatively analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The urban spatial system affects urban productivity. (2) Economy, environment, and infrastructure are highly interdependent, with minimal driving force. In contrast, society and space have a larger driving force and are less dependent. (3) In resource-exhausted cities, economy has the greatest impact on UGTE (0.367***), followed by infrastructure (0.358***) and environment (-0.160***). The path coefficients of spatial impact on economy, environment, and infrastructure were 0.337, 0.741, and 0.564, respectively. The path coefficient of social influence on economy is 0.564***. (4) The UGTE of radiation and centralized urban spatial forms is higher. The UGTE of band and group urban spatial form is lower. The theoretical contributions of this study are as follows: (1) for the first time, an analysis framework that includes spatial factors influencing UGTE is proposed; (2) the study explores sustainable urban form and establishes a research paradigm for related studies. The practical contributions include providing guidance for the medium- and long-term spatial planning of different resource-based cities. For example, resource-exhausted cities in the decline stage should adopt a compact spatial form of functions. This study has some limitations: (1) the regional heterogeneity of spatial form is not considered; (2) the urban spatial system evaluation method has room for optimization; (3) the potential impact of the location of urban spatial elements on UGTE has not been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106398"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CycleGAN-Pix2pix framework for multi-objective 3D urban morphology optimization: enhancing thermal performance in high-density areas","authors":"Shiqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Weiyi Jia ,&nbsp;Haifeng Diao ,&nbsp;Xiwen Geng ,&nbsp;Yuwei Wu ,&nbsp;Mo Wang ,&nbsp;Yuankai Wang ,&nbsp;Haowen Xu ,&nbsp;Yijiao Lu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing understanding of urban thermal environments is crucial for reducing energy consumption, improving resident comfort, and mitigating urban heat island effects. Previous studies rarely addressed the systematic optimization of local-scale three-dimensional (3D) urban spaces for thermal improvements. This study developed an integrated CycleGAN-Pix2pix-based (CP-GAN) model chain to automatically generate 3D urban morphology coupled with Local Climate Zones (LCZ)and perform performance assessment as well as morphology optimization. The approach was applied to six typical sites in Hong Kong to optimize four variables of urban thermal environments: summer solar radiation (SSR), Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), optimal UTCI area (UTCIA), and floor area ratio variance (FARV). The results showed that (1) CP-GAN model achieved a 0.028 higher average SSIM compared to the previous Pix2pix model, validating its efficiency. (2) The iterated optimal Pareto solutions significantly improved thermal performance compared to the initial morphology, particularly in samples characterized by compact mid-rise buildings, achieving the best optimization results. (3) Four primary optimization strategies were identified: increasing building heights in a suitable interval, reducing building volumes and their variability, expanding green spaces, and arranging building layout rationally. This integrated framework supports sustainable urban design and regeneration, contributing to more livable and resilient cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106400"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity, interaction and multi-scale effects of driving factors of heat island intensity in different urban agglomerations","authors":"Shouhai Shi ,&nbsp;Shunping Ji ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying the spatial heterogeneity of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) and its driving mechanisms is essential for proposing sustainable heat mitigation measures. However, the spatial relationship between various factors and SUHI across different urban agglomerations, as well as the synergistic effects of multiple factors on it, remain unclear. This study analyzes SUHI patterns and their drivers from the perspectives of spatial heterogeneity, interaction and multi-scale effects of driving factors across three urban agglomerations (urban agglomeration of Chengdu-Chongqing (UACC), the Yangtze River middle reaches (UAYZMR), and the Yangtze River delta (UAYZD)) in China with multiscale geographically weighted regression and optimal parameter geographical detector. The results included: (1) Distinct dominant drivers across regions—UACC exhibited strongest elevation control (<em>q</em> = 0.73) coupled with artificial lighting impacts, UAYZMR showed balanced vegetation-elevation interactions (<em>q</em> = 0.35), while UAYZD demonstrated comparable vegetation and urbanization influences (<em>q</em> = 0.37). (2) Strong interaction effects existed between factors, with SUHIs in UACC and UAYZMR primarily influenced by vegetation-terrain interactions, while SUHIs in UAYZD were driven by vegetation-urbanization interactions. (3) Scale-dependent spatial heterogeneity in both direction and intensity of driving forces. These findings advocate for differentiated urban planning: prioritizing terrain-adaptive designs in mountainous cities, large-scale green infrastructure in transitional zones, and compact green-blue networks in coastal megacities. This study provides a transferable framework for developing spatially-tailored and sustainable heat resilience strategies across diverse urban contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106401"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The joint health risks of PM2.5 pollution wave and cold spell in eastern China","authors":"Yujia Huang ,&nbsp;Pei Yu ,&nbsp;Wenzhong Huang ,&nbsp;Rongbin Xu ,&nbsp;Yanming Liu ,&nbsp;Yuming Guo ,&nbsp;Lei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on 1800,669 mortality records collected during 2008–2018, we estimated the mortality risk and identified the vulnerable subpopulations of joint effects of the air pollution wave and the cold spell in eastern China. Here, air pollution waves were defined as daily mean fine particulate matter higher than a threshold (P1/P2/P3/P4: 75/115/120/150 μg/m³) for at least two days. Cold spells were defined as daily mean temperature below a threshold (T1/T2/T3: 10th/5th/2.5th percentile) for at least two days. A quasi-Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag linear model was used to estimate the city-specific joint effects. When defined by P4T3, the highest pooled relative risks 2.07 (95 %CI: 1.73–2.48) of all-cause mortality was discovered cross Jiangsu province. The strongest relative excess risk due to interaction were observed in Suzhou (P3T3, 4.25, 95 %CI: 3.45–5.23). Generally, higher mortality risks were in cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and mental and behavior disorders disease. Moreover, the female, elderly, not married, and higher educated individuals and the residents in coastal and southern cities were more vulnerable to joint events. These findings are crucial for the development of local health and climate policies to reduce the health impacts of extreme weather and air pollution under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 106390"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}