Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献

{"title":"Efficient city-scale wind mapping from building morphology: A CFD-based parameterization scheme","authors":"Jiemin Niu ,&nbsp;Shuo-Jun Mei ,&nbsp;Ting Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion and densification of urban areas weaken urban winds significantly. To provide a rapid and accurate estimation of city-scale wind, this study proposes a parameterization scheme. It employs two urban morphological parameters, namely plan area density <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span> and frontal area density <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math></span>, to calculate wind speeds at both the urban canopy layer and pedestrian levels. The urban wind speeds under various morphologies are derived from CFD simulations. Then, the relationships between <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math></span> and urban wind speed are established using nonlinear regression. The parameterization scheme is evaluated by comparing it with the multi-layer urban canopy model (MLUCM) and CFD simulations of real urban geometries. The results show that the MLUCM exhibits systematic errors in wind speed predictions, as it neglects the impact of <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span>. Moreover, the proposed parameterization scheme accurately reproduces wind speeds in complex geometries, although it is derived from idealized urban geometries. As an implementation, this parameterization scheme is used to map the wind environment in Guangzhou city. Due to its high building density, Guangzhou shows poor pedestrian-level wind environments in most areas. This study facilitates the identification of low wind speed hotspots and the development of mitigation strategies to enhance urban wind and thermal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106688"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the real-life infection risk of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a typical metro compartment","authors":"Shan Chen,&nbsp;Ruoyu You,&nbsp;Qingyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metro has been an essential means of commuting for Hong Kong citizens, even during the pandemic. To evaluate the real-life infection risks of airborne SARS-CoV-2 in a typical half-metro carriage, field tests were first carried out to obtain thermo-fluid boundary conditions, air exchange rates, and passenger locations in metro compartments. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models of half of a metro carriage integrating real-world passenger distribution were built for different crowdedness level with 37, 57, and 75 passengers to determine the infection risk for commuters during typical metro trips. A total of 2449 cases were evaluated, and the study found that the infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 in the benchmark case (one source passenger talking continuously for 26 min in a lightly crowded compartment) varied from 0 % to 7.1 % depending on passenger location, and the corresponding overall infection risk was 1.75 %. No risk existed during a short metro ride of 2 min, and the infection risk increased with the talking durations/coughing frequencies, co-travel durations, and crowdedness levels. The infection risk for seated passengers was higher than that for standing passengers due to the shorter interpersonal distance for the former. Over 80 % of infections occurred within 1.5 m of the source passenger, and 100 % occurred within 2.6 m in metro carriages with different crowdedness levels. A safe social distance of 2.6 m from a potential source passenger is recommended in metro carriages. This study’s findings provide guidelines for safeguarding the health of metro commuters for seasonal illnesses and the future pandemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106693"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to quantify the improvement effect of the park on urban eco-environmental quality? Remote sensing-based multisource data analysis","authors":"Xiong Yao ,&nbsp;Xupan Yue ,&nbsp;Zhongli Lin ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhanghua Xu ,&nbsp;Xu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban parks are critical for mitigating environmental challenges; however, their beneficial impacts on eco-environmental quality (EEQ) have not been comprehensively explored. Therefore, we developed a new method of quantifying EEQ improvement and driving factors for 51 urban parks in Fuzhou, China. Our multimethod approach combined remote sensing, geospatial analysis, and interpretable machine learning models to evaluate four park EEQ improvement indicators: park EEQ improvement intensity (PEII), distance (PEID), area (PEIA), and efficiency (PEIE) and unravel the nonlinear interactions among internal and external environmental factors. According to the results, the degree of EEQ improvement varied significantly between parks. PEII ranged from −0.0773 to 0.3095 (mean = 0.1425) and parks exhibited different trends between PEII and PEIE. Key internal factors such as park area (PA), perimeter, and aggregation index were positively correlated with PEII, PEID, and PEIA but negatively correlated with PEIE, whereas edge density showed inverse correlations. XGBoost and SHAP analyses highlighted nonlinear relationships, with PA emerging as the most influential factor in PEIE. A novel nonlinear threshold of 2.15 hm² was identified as the optimal PA for balancing PEIE and land-use efficiency, beyond which ecological efficiency declined. These findings highlight the complexity of park-driven EEQ improvements shaped by interactions between park attributes and external environmental factors. This study provides actionable insights for urban planners to optimize park design and management, emphasizes the need for balanced scaling and connectivity to enhance ecological benefits, and offers a model for data-driven, context-specific greening strategies in rapidly urbanizing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106694"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A flood risk assessment framework for urban subway systems: A case study in Beijing, China","authors":"Wenqi Wu ,&nbsp;Zhongfan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Shuyou Liu ,&nbsp;Dawei Zhang ,&nbsp;Dingzhi Peng ,&nbsp;Bo Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the context of climate change and urbanization, there are several hazard events in which surface floodwater pours into urban underground spaces, particularly subway systems, leading to notable losses of life and property worldwide. Therefore, the implementation of flood risk assessments for urban subway systems is becoming urgent. In this study, we proposed a novel framework for evaluating subway flood risks by comprehensively considering the hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity of subway systems for urban flooding. The Beijing subway system was chosen in a case study. Three hazard indicators, eight exposure indicators, five vulnerability indicators and seven coping capacity indicators, were incorporated into a multi-index framework. The flood risk levels of each subway line and subway station were obtained. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis and random forest (RF) regression combined with the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method were adopted to reveal the correlation between each evaluation indicator and the flood risk level and quantify their contributions to the change in flood risk. The findings revealed that for the Beijing subway system, the highest- and high-risk zones accounted for 26.16% of the total subway area. The top ten flood risk stations were located mainly in the central urban area. Compared with the traditional assessment framework, incorporating coping capacity indicators into the framework decreased subway flood risk levels in many districts of Beijing. Among all indicators, passenger flow, node degree, betweenness centrality, subway line density and subway line proximity play important roles in determining the subway flood risk. This study offers a new framework for urban system flood risk assessment and provides reference data for flood risk prevention and control of urban subway systems within the context of resilient city construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106681"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighboring matters: quantifying internal morphology and external spatial interactions on land surface temperature among urban functional zones","authors":"Hongquan Cheng ,&nbsp;Yunnan Cai ,&nbsp;Dailuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Shijie Luo ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Yuehan Hu ,&nbsp;Shifa Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban morphology exerts significant influences on land surface temperature (LST), yet prior research has predominantly emphasized local morphological features within individual zones, with insufficient attention to spatial interactions across urban zones. This limitation restricts a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving urban thermal patterns. Our study addresses this by developing a geographically weighted XGBoost model to quantify the spatially varying impacts of urban morphology on LST in the central area of Guangzhou. The modeling framework integrates a comprehensive set of indicators encompassing landscape configuration, building morphology, surface biophysical properties, and spatial contextual factors. While reaffirming the effects of impervious surfaces and vegetation, the analysis reveals the critical role of neighborhood-scale spatial interactions. The proposed spatial contextual indicators, which capture the functional composition of surrounding zones across multiple adjacency levels, exhibit strong explanatory capacity. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis shows that these indicators account for 26.3% of the total thermal contribution among the top 15 predictors—comparable to building morphology metrics and, in some cases, surpassing direct vegetation indices such as NDVI. Additionally, a reinforcement learning approach based on Soft Actor-Critic algorithm was employed to identify optimal spatial configurations for minimizing average LST. Simulation outcomes suggest that strategically increasing neighborhood green spaces, reducing industrial land proportions, and adjusting spatial arrangements of residential, commercial, and public zones can effectively mitigate urban warming. These findings highlight dual mechanisms—internal morphological characteristics and external spatial interactions—through which urban morphology modulates the thermal environments, underscoring the necessity of integrated spatial planning for climate-responsive urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106689"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive resilience evaluation of water resources supply-demand system based on structure-function-operation mechanism under extreme drought","authors":"Fengyi Zhang,&nbsp;Zening Wu,&nbsp;Hongshi Xu,&nbsp;Huiliang Wang,&nbsp;Xiangyang Zhang,&nbsp;Chentao He","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent occurrence of extreme drought poses serious challenges to the regional water resources supply-demand system (WRSDS), conducting research on comprehensive resilience (CR) evaluation is crucial for improving regional water security and sustainable development. To address the limitations arising from the insufficient description of system process in evaluations and the lack of effective spatial entry points for enhancing WRSDS-CR, this study proposed an indicator construction method based on structure-function-operation mechanism (SFOM), incorporating emergy indicators. After dimensionality reducion using principal component analysis method, a robust WRSDS-CR evaluation indicator system was established. Additionally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was developed to quantify WRSDS-CR and spatial econometric models were employed to explore its spatial characteristics. A case study was performed in Chuxiong Prefecture during the 2009-2012 extreme drought. The key findings are: (1) The WRSDS-CR in Chuxiong Prefecture was classified at Level II, with its fluctuation primarily influenced by the operation mechanism. (2) Among the counties, Nanhua exhibited the highest WRSDS-CR, while Lufeng recorded the lowest. Chuxiong City showed the most significant improvement. (3) A positive spatial spillover effect of WRSDS-CR was identified in Chuxiong Prefecture, with a “High-High” cluster observed in the western counties. (4) The water resources development and utilization rate (X₁), emergy output density (X₂), and population density (X₅) positively contributed to the improvement of WRSDS-CR, whereas the per capita water resources emergy utilization rate (X₃), industrial output emergy ratio (X₄), and environmental load rate (X₆) had negative effects. Among these factors, X₂ exhibits the most substantial impact, followed by X₅. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively addresses the limitations in quantifying system processes and achieves the evaluation of WRSDS-CR. This provides a feasible pathway to enhancing regional water security and promoting sustainable development from a spatial perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106690"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a sustainable community under climate change: A holistic approach integrating socio-economic factors, water balance, land use-land cover, and social norms","authors":"Mehran Besharatifar ,&nbsp;Mohsen Nasseri ,&nbsp;Behzad Rahnama","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human activities, including population growth, climate change, and land-use dynamics, are placing increasing pressure on global water resources. In response to these challenges, this study presents a comprehensive framework for assessing sustainability in the Tashk-Bakhtegan watershed. The framework integrates socio-economic factors, water balance, social norms, and Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP). It examines how social norms shape interactions between human activities and water systems while employing PMP to predict crop patterns based on economic decisions. The findings reveal significant variation in Community Sensitivity (CS), with sub-basin 5 identified as the most vulnerable to water scarcity. The drought from 2008 to 2010 intensified CS across all sub-basins due to water shortages. Projected cultivated areas range from 216,321 hectares under SSP2.6 to 232,604 hectares under SSP8.5, indicating a shift toward more water-intensive crops to maximize profitability. Additionally, the study highlights that higher regional GDP growth and slower population growth are expected to enhance watershed sustainability. This research offers valuable insights for decision-makers, helping to shape policies that promote a sustainable balance among population growth, climate change, and land-use dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106691"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the aggravation and mitigation of urban heat island through differential dynamic changes in impervious surface","authors":"Tianyu Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Gong ,&nbsp;Zhihui Yang ,&nbsp;Yixu Wang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Jin ,&nbsp;Imanmadi Duman ,&nbsp;Ermekov Farabi Kerimbaevich","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impervious surfaces changes significantly impact urban heat island patterns during rapid urbanization. However, existing extraction models face challenges in capturing the temporal impervious surfaces dynamics and identifying reverse changes, mainly due to regional heterogeneity and temporal instability. Moreover, the impacts of these changes on surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) trends and its patterns remain unclear. Therefore, this study developed a framework for estimating dynamic impervious surface percentage (DISP) by integrating machine learning and time optimization. The framework was used to quantify the SUHII trend under four types of impervious surface changes (increased, decreased, unchanged, and other). This classification can investigate the distinct thermal environmental responses associated with different DISP. Firstly, spatiotemporal consistency screening and extraction rules were designed to generate training samples. Subsequently, multi-temporal image fusion strategies were implemented, and regionally adaptive impervious surface percentage estimation models were constructed based on multiple feature combinations. Additionally, a time-series correction method was introduced to optimize DISP across different change trajectories. Finally, the dynamic trends of SUHII were captured under time series changes and regional differences, based on various impervious surface change types. The results show that DISP can achieve continuous and accurate estimations (R² = 0.848, RMSE = 0.106), outperforming existing products. Different types of impervious surface changes exhibit distinct thermal responses, with increased DISP intensifying the heat island effects and decreased DISP mitigating them. These effects are more pronounced in tropical and temperate zones than in arid regions. And high-density impervious surfaces also correspond to higher temperatures. Consequently, DISP provides robust and continuous reference for monitoring urban impervious surface dynamics and associated thermal environmental changes within cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106680"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new spatial optimization layout framework for urban LID facilities in response to climate change impacts","authors":"Wen Li ,&nbsp;Rengui Jiang ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Jiancang Xie ,&nbsp;Yong Zhao ,&nbsp;Mingxiang Yang ,&nbsp;Fawen Li ,&nbsp;Xixi Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the uncertainties of future climate change, the response of traditional stormwater management systems to climate change has become increasingly complex. This study proposes an optimization method for configuring urban Low-Impact Development (LID) facilities to adapt to future climate uncertainty and promote the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Design storms for climate change scenarios under shared socioeconomic pathways were extrapolated. A spatial optimization layout model for LID facilities was proposed using benefits, life cycle cost and hydrological functions as objective functions. The optimal layout of LID facilities under different scenarios was solved using the gamultiobj algorithm. An adaptive spatial optimization layout model was established based on adaptive decision theory. The Sobol method was used for sensitivity analysis of the model. The results show that the spatially optimal layout of LID facilities under different application scenarios varies, forming Pareto sets. The performance of the adaptive spatial optimization layout solutions for LID facilities mainly maintains a relatively stable intermediate level for three objective functions. The optimization layout model of urban LID facilities exhibits significant differences under different decision preferences. Green roofs dominate the model results and are extremely sensitive to all three objective functions. The findings can guide the development of a sustainable urban stormwater system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106686"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-driven transformations: A framework for the sustainable urban landscape system to enhance heat resilience","authors":"Boze Huang ,&nbsp;Jinda Qi ,&nbsp;Minal Pathak ,&nbsp;Ayyoob Sharifi ,&nbsp;Ali Cheshmehzangi ,&nbsp;Shady Attia ,&nbsp;Andreas Matzarakis ,&nbsp;Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini ,&nbsp;Geun Young Yun ,&nbsp;Amos Darko ,&nbsp;Xiao Liu ,&nbsp;Bao-Jie He","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a transformative framework for building sustainable urban landscapes that are resilient to the escalating heat stress challenges exacerbated by global warming and urban heat islands. In contrast to traditional research that views landscapes as passive cooling tools, ignores heat damage, and adopts a static perspective on landscape heat resilience, this study innovatively redefines landscapes as dynamically sustainable systems, emphasizing their ability to withstand, recover from, and adapt to extreme heat and focusing on the dynamics of their cooling efficiency. The need for resilient landscape systems to support urban vitality and environmental health is argued by parsing the interconnections between landscape, climate, and human activities, detailing how user behavior patterns, exposure times, and demographic characteristics can inform planning and management. The framework follows the logic of the landscape industry and forms a pathway through the entire cycle, including heat vulnerability assessment, resilient landscape planning, spatial design, heat management practices, and post-evaluation. Heat vulnerability is assessed using tools such as remotely sensed data, meteorological observations, drone thermal imagery, and ground-based monitoring systems, with measures such as land surface temperature, vegetation indices, and thermal comfort indicators. Facing potential obstacles like financial constraints, technical difficulties, and political resistance, the framework employs cost-effective designs, adaptive technologies, and policy incentives to ensure feasibility. The study's insights contribute to a broader understanding of landscape heat resilience, providing actionable guidance to enhance urban landscapes' thermal comfort, ecological robustness, and overall resilience in the face of intensifying climate and impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 106684"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}