Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献

{"title":"Drone Photogrammetry-based Wind Field Simulation for Climate Adaptation in Urban Environments","authors":"Donglian Gu ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianwen Shuai ,&nbsp;Zhen Xu ,&nbsp;Yongjia Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing climate change issues is one of the most important tasks within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Accurate and efficient simulation of wind fields within cities is essential for climate adaptation. Traditional simplified geometric model-based wind flow simulation can lead to significant errors, affecting the ability to develop effective urban climate strategies. This study addresses this limitation by introducing a novel workflow that leverages drone photogrammetry, deep learning, and geometric complexity quantification to create highly detailed 3D models of in-use building clusters within cities. These models are subsequently used for computational fluid dynamics simulations to accurately predict urban wind fields. The proposed method was validated on three real-world building clusters. Compared to traditional footprint extrusion models, the proposed method demonstrates an average error reduction of 29.2% in large eddy simulation cases and 17.6% in steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations cases. Meanwhile, the proposed model improved computational efficiency by an average of 33.7% in large eddy simulations compared to the flashy oblique photography model. The proposed method provides a balanced model of accuracy and efficiency for urban flow simulations. It has the potential to be incorporated into computational fluid dynamics best practice guidelines, thereby promoting the development of climate-resilient cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105989"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the equitable spatial planning on the accessibility of institutional elderly care in megacity: A study based on Chengdu, China","authors":"Mingyang Li ,&nbsp;Panyu Peng ,&nbsp;Hao Zhu ,&nbsp;Yibin Ao ,&nbsp;Zhongli Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mega-cities, while leveraging large populations for development, need to rationally plan spatial resources, especially for optimizing elderly care services. This study uses Chengdu, Sichuan Province, introducing factors such as accessibility of elderly-friendly medical institutions, weighted built environment factors, and selection influence factors considering service capacity levels and residents' maximum travel time into an improved potential model to explore the accessibility of elderly care services. The study found that the outskirts of Chengdu have a higher aging population, while the central city and its surrounding areas have a larger older population but lower aging rates. Elderly care facilities are mainly small and medium-sized, exhibiting a radial layout centered around the main urban area. The overall level of spatial accessibility to elderly care service resources is relatively low. The central city and its surrounding areas form high-accessibility zones, while the remote suburbs have large areas of low accessibility and scattered high-accessibility points. Based on the findings, four areas for future urban planning and resource allocation were identified: development retention areas, urgent optimization areas, configuration compensation areas, and remote special areas. This study provides new insights into the classification of elderly care resource accessibility and fairness evaluation, offering a reference for planning studies in other mega-cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105998"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of street and building configurations on respiratory health risks in an urban environment considering street behavior heterogeneity","authors":"Mengyang Liu ,&nbsp;Huangyi Deng ,&nbsp;Chuancheng Li ,&nbsp;Hong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid urbanization has led to serious air pollution issues, making it crucial to effectively reduce respiratory health risks for the health of urban residents. This paper proposes an approach for adopting the PM_2.5 personal intake fraction (PIF) in neighborhood street to assess respiratory health risks by considering pollutant concentrations along with the behavior patterns of three subgroups (i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and shop vendors). PIF was indirectly predicted by combining computer vision and computational fluid dynamics simulations based on the discrete phase model. Fifty-one configurations with different building densities, porosity (dimensions of setbacks and podiums), and height variability were examined. This study found significant differences in exposure levels and behavior heterogeneity among subgroups, with risk assessment results varying under different street cross-section scenarios. From the perspective of respiratory health, the recommendations involved modify the street cross-section through setting business interface for vendors, excessive sidewalk expansion for pedestrian and cyclists, and the building configurations of the adjacent street blocks according to the street orientation to minimizing the PIF. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of street and building configurations on respiratory health risks in neighborhood street, and this assessment framework can be partially applied to other types of streets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105992"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling dynamics of urban flood resilience in china from 2012 to 2022: A network-based approach","authors":"Zhang Chen ,&nbsp;Shiyao Zhu ,&nbsp;Haibo Feng ,&nbsp;Hongsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dezhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban flooding presents a significant challenge in Chinese cities, necessitating a deeper understanding of the coupling effects of China's urban flood resilience for effective resilience planning. This study introduces a four-component Environment-Institution-Infrastructure-Agent (EIFA) framework and utilizes an updated correlation network approach to analyze the temporal variation of coupling effects of urban flood resilience across 639 Chinese cities from 2012 to 2022. The findings indicate a decline in synergy and increased tradeoffs, primarily due to intensified competition within and between institutional and infrastructural sectors, marginal impacts of infrastructure investments, and socially excessive infrastructure. The study also highlights the agent component's strong internal and inter-component coupling effects, implying the effectiveness of China's people-centered resilience strategies, though risks of decoupling remain. Additionally, it notes a good match between societal urban flood resilience and natural flood risks, while natural vegetation loss due to urban expansion is noteworthy. The study further suggests that refining agent-focused deposit and insurance policies could coordinatively enhance urban flood resilience, as these elements are hubs within the network. The updated network-based framework and its findings offer insights for informing and optimizing urban flood resilience planning in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105996"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of heat and electricity load profiles with high temporal resolution for Urban Energy Units using open geodata","authors":"Luis Blanco ,&nbsp;Alejandro Zabala ,&nbsp;Björn Schiricke ,&nbsp;Bernhard Hoffschmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban areas account for up to 87% of global energy consumption, with around a third of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions from the building sector. Germany recently enacted a law targeting carbon neutrality in heating by 2045, requiring all municipalities to submit transformation plans for their heating infrastructure. Many are in early stages and need innovative methods to achieve these goals. This study proposes an automated GIS-based approach to generate heat and electricity load profiles for geographically referenced residential buildings and districts in Germany, using only open data. The methodology offers hourly temporal resolution and spatial detail from individual buildings to Urban Energy Units (UEUs), a concept introduced in prior studies. Nine distinct heating load profiles and nine electricity load profiles were identified. These profiles can adapt to different weather datasets and to three building refurbishment scenarios. The methodology and energy analysis were applied to a district in Oldenburg, Germany, demonstrating the model’s flexibility under varying boundary conditions. For this district, the analysis revealed a total heat demand of <span><math><mrow><mn>9</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span> GWh/a and an electricity demand of <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>126</mn></mrow></math></span> GWh/a, with respective errors of 45% and 39% when compared to other local data, this demand is presented in both yearly and hourly resolutions. This methodology intends to support German municipalities by accelerating the initial phases of the municipal heating plans and deliver high-quality data on building heat and electricity demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105967"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving thermal comfort using personalized local conditioning: A large-scale retrospective questionnaire survey conducted during a heatwave in China","authors":"Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Weirong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Rongying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasingly frequent heatwaves caused by global warming indicate that more energy consumption is required to maintain individuals' thermal comfort and health. Understanding how to utilize local conditioning for optimizing conditioning devices and creating a comfortable environment is crucial. Due to variations in individuals' adaptability to their surroundings, people from different climatic zones exhibit different needs for environmental conditioning. Current research findings in built environments have not adequately explained how individuals in various climatic zones use local conditioning to meet these diverse thermal needs. Therefore, it is highly important to conduct quantitative research on individuals' willingness to use local conditioning and their preferences across different climatic zones. To address this issue, a retrospective survey of 2,247 participants across five climate zones in China was conducted over a two-month period. The results revealed that many participants chose to use local conditioning to further improve thermal comfort, even if they initially felt comfortable. Participants from the severe cold and cold zones preferred water-cooled fans and floor fans, whereas floor fans were the preferred choice in other zones. Price and convenience were the main factors considered when selecting local conditioning devices (average composite score &gt; 7). Differences in the methods, duration, parameter settings, placement of local conditioning, and regulated body parts varied among participants from the five climate zones. These results aid in improving our understanding of thermal comfort and health in high-temperature environments during summer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105972"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An enhanced model for obtaining at-sensor brightness temperature for UAVs incorporating meteorological features and its application in urban thermal environment","authors":"Rong Jin,&nbsp;Lihua Zhao,&nbsp;Peng Ren,&nbsp;Haitang Wu,&nbsp;Xue Zhong,&nbsp;Mingyi Gao,&nbsp;Zichuan Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land surface temperatures (LSTs) play a crucial role in characterizing the outdoor thermal environment. Estimating LSTs relies on brightness temperatures (T_bs) as the raw data source. Despite manufacturers offering a linear DN-T_b model for uncooled thermal infrared (TIR) cameras to convert digital numbers (DNs) into T_bs, discrepancies arise for LST retrieval with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) due to temperature dependence. This study addressed this challenge by initially identifying key environmental parameters through an orthogonal experiment in a climatic chamber. Subsequently, an approach for an enhanced DN-T_b model considering environmental parameters was devised based on UAV campaigns and validated with ground-measured temperatures from various underlying surfaces. The results show that the camera temperature (T_cam) and air temperature (T_a) were identified as the primary parameters impacting the DN-T_b conversion. The enhanced DN-T_b models incorporating T_cam, T_a, or bivariate improved T_b accuracy with errors below 20%, compared to potential errors exceeding 30% in the original model. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the optimal enhanced DN-T_b models decreased from 5.97°C to 1.44°C. Compared with the purely data-derived empirical regression, our models significantly decreased errors and increased robustness, imperative to improve the reliability of evaluating urban thermal environments utilizing a low-cost UAV platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105987"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining individual daily commuting patterns of dockless bike-sharing users: A two-layer framework integrating spatiotemporal flow clustering and rule-based decision trees","authors":"Caigang Zhuang ,&nbsp;Shaoying Li ,&nbsp;Haoming Zhuang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of dockless bike-sharing systems has led to increased interest in using bike-sharing data for sustainable transportation and travel behavior research. However, these studies have rarely focused on the individual daily mobility patterns, hindering their alignment with the increasingly refined needs of active transportation planning. To bridge this gap, this paper presents a two-layer framework, integrating improved flow clustering methods and multiple rule-based decision trees, to mine individual cyclists' daily home-work commuting patterns from dockless bike-sharing trip data with user IDs. The effectiveness and applicability of the framework is demonstrated by over 200 million bike-sharing trip records in Shenzhen. Based on the mining results, we obtain two categories of bike-sharing commuters (74.38 % of <em>Only-biking commuters</em> and 25.62 % of <em>Biking-with-transit commuters</em>) and some interesting findings about their daily commuting patterns. For instance, lots of bike-sharing commuters live near urban villages and old communities with lower costs of living, especially in the central city. <em>Only-biking commuters</em> have a higher proportion of overtime than <em>Biking-with-transit commuters</em>, and the Longhua Industrial Park, a manufacturing-oriented area, has the longest average working hours (over 10 h per day). Moreover, massive users utilize bike-sharing for commuting to work more frequently than for returning home, which is intricately related to the over-demand for bikes around workplaces during commuting peak. In sum, this framework offers a cost-effective way to understand the nuanced non-motorized mobility patterns and low-carbon trip chains of residents. It also offers novel insights for improving the operations of bike-sharing services and planning of active transportation modes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 105985"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Estimation of Black Carbon Concentration in Tehran Using Aerosol Optical Depth Remote Sensing Data and Meteorological Parameters: Health Risk Assessment and Relationship with Green Spaces","authors":"Samira Norzaee ,&nbsp;Majid Kermani ,&nbsp;Arsalan Ghorbanian ,&nbsp;Ahmad Jonidi jafari ,&nbsp;Masud Yunesian ,&nbsp;Abbas Shahsavani ,&nbsp;Mahdi Farzadkia ,&nbsp;Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black Carbon (BC) is an atmospheric pollutant with considerable adverse effects on human health, increasing the chance of cardiovascular disorders, respiratory issues, and cancers in exposed individuals. Accordingly, studying BC in urban areas is essential for understanding its associated health risks. In this study, the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), along with in situ observations of BC concentration and meteorological parameters were utilized to estimate BC concentration in Tehran. In this regard, an ensemble machine learning algorithm, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), was employed to estimate BC concentration from 2010 to 2021, enabling a spatiotemporal analysis of BC levels in Tehran. Subsequently, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of BC on children and adults were examined, as well as its relationship to urban green spaces. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Adjusted R-squared (R²_adj), values for BC estimation ranged from 0.80 to 1.59 μg/m³, 0.59 to 1.10 μg/m³, and 0.70 to 0.94, respectively, indicating the promising performance of the GBM algorithm. The estimated annual average BC concentration over 11 years was 6.18± 2.46 μg/m³. Spatial variations in BC concentration and hotspot analysis at 99% and 95% confidence levels, showed that hotspots were primarily concentrated in the central and southern parts of Tehran. In contrast, cold spots were more scattered across the western and northeastern parts of the city. The cancer risk (CR) from BC exposure exceeded the recommended risk levels (1 × 10⁻⁶ to 1 × 10⁻⁴) established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), demonstrating severe health risks for people in Tehran exposed to the current levels of BC concentrations. The average Hazard Quotient (HQ) value across all areas of Tehran was below the threshold value of 1, indicating that the non-carcinogenic health risk remains within acceptable limits. Results regarding green spaces indicated that greenery significantly influences BC concentration, revealing a negative correlation between green space coverage and BC concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105986"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing urban morphology's impact on solar potential of high-rise facades in Hong Kong using machine learning: An application for FIPV optimization","authors":"Lulu Tao,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wang,&nbsp;Changying Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between solar potential on building façade and urban morphology at urban scale remains unclear, and the design of façade integrated photovoltaic (FIPV) lacks evidence. This study investigates high-rise, high-density commercial districts in Hong Kong (HK), using Random Forest algorithm combined with the SHapley Additive exPlanations method to assess the importance of urban morphology on solar irradiance on building facades. The results indicate that plot ratio, building floor, building density, and perimeter shape factor are the four key parameters influencing solar irradiance, with the importance rate and contribution value of the four parameters reach 43.9 % and 48.7 %, respectively. Based on these parameters and actual urban blocks in HK, typical urban typologies were constructed. Four scenarios were generated with plot ratio as the control parameter. The positions, amounts, and transparency of PV glass on the south and east facades were optimized to minimize the payback period and maximize power generation, using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II algorithm. The south façade of Scenario 1 (when the heights of surrounding buildings are lower than that of the targeted building) obtained the optimal payback period (8.44 years) and power generation (55961 kWh), with 77 opaque PV panels and 49 semi-transparent ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105978"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}