Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献

{"title":"Association of anthropogenic heat with asthma and related symptoms among children in China: A novel index reflecting climate change","authors":"Feng-Wen Shan ,&nbsp;Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Ming-Kun Sun ,&nbsp;Zhengmin Qian ,&nbsp;Michael G. Vaughn ,&nbsp;Niraj R. Chavan ,&nbsp;Shu-Li Xu ,&nbsp;He-Hai Huang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Huan Gui ,&nbsp;Ru-Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Li-Wen Hu ,&nbsp;Li-Zi Lin ,&nbsp;Zhong Lin ,&nbsp;Qin-Tai Yang ,&nbsp;Guang-Hui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anthropogenic heat (AH) is defined as the significant release of waste heat into the environment due to human activities, serving as a controllable heat source contributing to global climate change. However, epidemiological evidence establishing a clear association between AH and childhood asthma is currently lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the relationship between children's exposure to AH and asthma, as well as its related symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This population-based cross-sectional study, part of the National Chinese Children Health Study from 2012 to 2018, involved 188,145 children aged 6 to 18 years. We used multisource remote sensing images and ancillary data to estimate AH exposure. Data on asthma symptoms were collected through validated self-reported questionnaires. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to determine the associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate a positive correlation between AH exposure and asthma risk in children. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in total AH was linked to higher odds of current asthma (OR: 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.10, 1.20) after adjusting for covariates. Categorizing AH by source, industrial AH exhibited the strongest effect, with an increased risk of current asthma (OR: 1.16, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.22). Notably, younger children exhibited stronger associations between AH exposure and asthma-related symptoms, with boys showing heightened susceptibility, particularly for persistent cough.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study suggests that exposure to AH may elevate the risk of asthma and related symptoms, particularly in boys and younger children. Providing a foundation for developing practical strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of global warming on respiratory health, while also guiding the formulation and evaluation of climate action and public health policies, and supporting sustainable urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105913"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-stage optimal scheduling for flexibility and resilience tradeoff of PV-battery building via smart grid communication","authors":"Xinbin Liang,&nbsp;Wei Ge,&nbsp;Zheming Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Zheng,&nbsp;Xinqiao Jin,&nbsp;Zhimin Du","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy flexibility and energy resilience are now becoming new key features of building energy systems under the context of climate change and energy transition. During the system operation phase, these two performance indexes might be contradictory and require tradeoff. The main contribution of this study is to propose a two-stage mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimally tradeoff between flexibility and resilience. Its main idea is to improve the resilience of building energy system with minimum constraints on system flexibility using the outage risk information provided by smart grid. Two new concepts are considered in the proposed method, including self-sufficient requirement and continuous outage probability. The insight is to add additional penalty for the time step in which its battery state of charge (SOC) is far from self-sufficient requirement while the corresponding continuous outage probability is high. To validate our proposed method, a probabilistic outage simulation model is developed using sigmoid function and Markov Chain. Comprehensive numerical studies are conducted to compare the proposed method with traditional economic mode and backup mode under two outage patterns. The results demonstrate that the proposed method only uses 6.7 % additional operation cost such that 78.3 % of baseload curtailment and 81.1 % of user discomfort are reduced. The proposed MILP model can provide practical guideline for the flexibility and resilience tradeoff of distributed energy resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105919"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to evaluate the reduction effect of the park on PM2.5? Exploratory application of the maximum and cumulative perspective","authors":"Pengcheng Li ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Haifeng Niu ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Tang ,&nbsp;Guang Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yizhe Ma ,&nbsp;Wen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban parks have been widely proved to be effective in reducing particulate matter pollution, but there is still a knowledge gap in quantitatively evaluating their reduction effects. The purpose of this study is to develop a new method to quantify the reduction effect of PM_2.5 in urban parks through high-precision spatio-temporal monitoring experiments in 22 typical urban parks in Shenyang, China, so as to fill this gap. In this study, the cubic polynomial function model was used for the first time to establish the relationship curve between PM_2.5 concentration inside and outside the park at different distances. The results showed that the park PM_2.5 reduction magnitude and distance were about 5.04–10.14 ug/m³ and 149.47–150.19 m, respectively. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the relationship between the reduction evaluation indexes and the environmental factors had time heterogeneity. The park's internal characteristics and surrounding building environment was the key factor affecting the park PM_2.5 reduction effect. In addition, parks smaller than 4.71 hm² demonstrated better PM_2.5 reduction efficiency. In conclusion, this study provides a new quantitative approach to evaluating the park PM_2.5 reduction effect and offers data-driven insights for optimizing park planning to enhance the permeability of these effects beyond park boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105909"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health impacts of climate resilient city development: Evidence from China","authors":"Kai-yang Fu ,&nbsp;Yu-zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Xin-yu Lu ,&nbsp;Bin Chen ,&nbsp;You-hua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the health impacts of Climate Resilient City (<em>CRC</em>) policies using a difference-in-differences methodology. Our findings demonstrate that <em>CRC</em> policies significantly improve public health, particularly benefiting vulnerable populations and residents in regions with extreme temperatures. Mechanism analysis reveals that these policies enhance urban climate resilience through improved water management, air pollution reduction, energy conservation, and strengthened social capital. Moreover, our results show that <em>CRC</em> policies help reduce health disparities linked to differences in medical resources and climate conditions. This study provides crucial insights for policymakers in designing effective climate and public health strategies, emphasizing the importance of climate-resilient urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105914"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nighttime Street View Imagery: A new perspective for sensing urban lighting landscape","authors":"Zicheng Fan ,&nbsp;Filip Biljecki","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban lighting reflects nocturnal activities and it is traditionally observed using Nighttime Lights (NTL) satellite imagery. Few studies systematically measure the nightscape from a human perspective. This study brings a new paradigm — urban lighting sensing via Nighttime Street View Imagery (SVI). The paradigm draws on the accomplishments of (daytime) SVI and gives attention to its ignored nighttime counterpart. We put forward this idea by manually collecting 2,831 nighttime SVIs across various urban functional areas in Singapore. We investigated their values by developing a use case for clustering nighttime lighting patterns. To mitigate the scarcity of nighttime SVI, deep learning regression models were trained to predict nighttime brightness based on corresponding daytime SVIs obtained from widely available sources. The results were compared with brightness data derived from satellite imagery, to affirm the novelty and uniqueness of nighttime SVI. As a result, there are 7 lighting patterns within the collected nighttime SVI, distinct in lighted spot features and total brightness. The identified patterns effectively characterize different urban function scenarios. The best trained brightness prediction model performs well in revealing the city-scale lighting landscape. The SVI-predicted brightness shows a distribution similar to the brightness from satellite imagery and complements it in urban areas with complex vertical lighting structures. This study demonstrates the potential of nighttime SVI as a valuable data source for mapping urban lighting and activities, offering advantages over satellite data. The proposed paradigm contributes significantly to cross-modal information mining in urban studies and has potential applications in scenarios such as light pollution mitigation and crime prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105862"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the global economic and mortality effects of rising urban heat island intensity","authors":"Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Huijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Geng ,&nbsp;Jintao Gu ,&nbsp;Zhengqiu Fan ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Wang ,&nbsp;Chuan Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing severity of urban heat island (UHI) effects poses a significant concern in cities, where to over half of the world's population lives. We examine the pattern of surface UHI intensity (SUHII) and its effect on urban economic productivity and mortality across 171 countries from 2003 to 2018. Countries with heavy industrial/manufacturing bases and higher income levels face more significant economic repercussions from SUHII. Males experience higher mortality rates under comparable SUHII conditions. A unit increase in GNI correlates to a 23.2 % rise in SUHII's effect on GDP and a 5.5 % increase in its effect on mortality rate. A higher Socio-Demographic Index mitigates SUHII's impact on urban GDP. Moreover, the Gini index directly impacts SUHII more than it affects SUHII-related mortality through inequality. Reducing income inequality by one unit will increase the enhancing effect of SUHII on the mortality rate by 11.8 %. Our findings reveal a significant link between wealth disparity and amplified health risks associated with SUHII, potentially leading to new forms of urban inequality. The study highlights the importance of development status and economic composition in facing UHI-related challenges and recommends equitable strategies for policymakers and urban planners to mitigate UHI effects in diverse developmental contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105902"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing uncertainty of building shape information in urban building energy modeling using Bayesian calibration","authors":"Jeongyun Hwang ,&nbsp;Hyunwoo Lim ,&nbsp;Jongyeon Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes urban building energy modeling that extends beyond single-building-level models to the urban level. However, most urban building energy models use representative buildings that may not accurately reflect the diversity of building shapes, systems, and envelope performance when conducting building energy evaluations at the urban scale. To address this issue, previous studies have utilized representative buildings and Bayesian calibration to estimate uncertain building information parameters without considering building shape information. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to estimate building shape information using artificial neural networks and Bayesian calibration based on building energy consumption data to identify the shape information uncertainty of representative buildings. The results indicate that some shape information can be estimated by comparing the overall distribution of the building stock using the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Furthermore, we found that the proposed energy modeling methodology yields energy consumption patterns similar to those of the target building stock. This preliminary investigation addresses the uncertainty of representative buildings in urban-scale modeling, elucidates the relationship between building form and energy consumption, and introduces a method for inferring shape information from energy consumption data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105895"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downwind Warming of Cities? Inequal Heat Distribution Attributed to Winds","authors":"Wan-Yu Shih ,&nbsp;Min-Hui Lo ,&nbsp;Undrakh Ganzorig","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat exposure within urban areas is strikingly uneven, posing disproportionate risks to certain communities. While nature-based solutions have gained attention, the role of wind in distributing heat remains less understood in an urban planning scale. This study assessed the interaction between wind direction, speed, and heat advection in Taipei Basin during summers from 2011 to 2020, using data from densely installed meteorological stations. A novel method was developed to capture multiple wind directions while accounting for local terrain and urban effects. Results revealed that wind-induced heat advection is complicated by local terrain and nearby cities in the conurbation, varying heat distribution. Windy conditions were mostly warmer than calm conditions, with north-westerly and westerly winds causing the strongest heat advection. Heat advection increased with wind speeds up to 5.4 m/s and decreased thereafter. Substantial intra-urban differences in heat advection were observed, reaching 4.33°C daytime and 3.34°C nighttime. Upwind areas were not necessarily cooler, while some downwind areas at mountain foot experienced greater warming. Up to 2.6SD of advected heat magnitude was found downwind at night. These findings underscore inequitable heat transfer to areas that do not generate heat and the critical need for wind-sensitive planning for both city-region and inter-urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 105879"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally driven MnCl2NH4Cl resorption cycle for seasonal thermal management of urban buildings","authors":"Shao-Fei Wu ,&nbsp;Bing-Zhi Yuan ,&nbsp;Li-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frequency of extreme weather conditions caused by global greenhouse gas emissions has led to a significant increase in energy consumption for refrigeration and heating supply in urban buildings. However, conventional sensible and latent heat storage technologies hold low thermal energy storage density and short-term energy storage capabilities. Additionally, electrically driven compression refrigeration with non-negligible global warming potential (GWP) is unsuited to high ambient temperatures in summer. We propose an advanced strategy, adopting the MnCl_2<img>NH₄Cl resorption cycle to achieve efficient desorption refrigeration of NH₄Cl and resorption heating supply of MnCl₂ under seasonal conditions. Experimental results have demonstrated that our proof-of-concept system can output 70 °C heat with a thermal energy storage density of 166.2 kJ·kg⁻¹, providing continuous heating for 30.5 min under the winter ambient temperature of 10 °C. Moreover, <em>COP</em>_ref remained at 0.589 for continuous indoor refrigeration lasting 58.5 min under summer ambient and refrigeration temperatures of around 30 °C and 2 °C, respectively. This exceptional adaptability to ambient temperatures enables efficient adjustment of urban building comfort. Our work presents a promising zero-carbon pathway for replacing conventional fossil fuels employed in the thermal management of urban buildings with solar energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105900"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responding to “city cooling action”: Assessing and visualizing community-level urban park cooling service performance in Nanjing, China","authors":"Zhengyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Hongze Liu ,&nbsp;Wanyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Moyan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijia Wei ,&nbsp;Zhengxi Fan ,&nbsp;Zhiming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2024.105876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although previous studies have confirmed the urban park cooling effects (UPCE), it is unclear how their cooling services are connected to and equitably distributed among users. In response to the \"urban cooling action\" in cities across China, this study links the cooling intensity and multimodal Ga2SFCA (MM-Ga2SFCA) to develop a methodology framework to assess the community-level urban park cooling service performance (UPCSP) per capita. Taking the highly urbanized Nanjing central districts (NCDs) as an example, the main conclusions are: (1) The average cooling magnitude of 200 parks on August 12, 2022, September 18, 2021 and October 4, 2021 was 2.22 °C; the average maximum cooling scale (MCS), maximum cooling efficiency (MCE), cumulative cooling intensity (CCI) and cumulative cooling gradient (CCG) were 41.29 ha, 2.99 times, 89.41 °C*m² and 0.70 °C, respectively. (2) The average comprehensive service performance of 545 communities within 5, 10, and 15 min were 117.97 °C*m², 212.04 °C*m², and 264.83 °C*m², respectively. (3) The spatial differences of UPCSP were mainly affected by the spatial layout of urban parks and their internal and external physical environments. These findings can provide useful implications for improving and balancing the UPCSP among communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 105876"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}