Mapping cement stock and flow at the chinese city level

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2025.106872

Kairui You , Yan Li , Yanhui Yu , Lulu Zhang

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Abstract

Understanding historical cement stock and flow at the city level is critical to forecasting cement demand and further formulating plant-level decarbonization pathway. To fill data gaps, according to dynamic material flow analysis model and bottom-up accounting method, we mapped the cement stock and flow across 337 Chinese cities from 1980 to 2020. The analysis include 5 major categories (building, transportation, energy, municipality, and agriculture) and 28 subcategories. The results indicate that China cement flow exhibited a sustained upward trend, with national cement stock reaching 26.27 Gt by 2020. Buildings dominated the historical cement consumption. Approximately one-third of the cities had not yet reached peak cement consumption. 208 and 129 cities belong to net-import and net-output cities, respectively. Per capita cement stocks vary from 6.52 to 75.99 t/cap. The results also highlight that reasonable urban plans and population intensity can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of buildings and infrastructures, reducing demand for cements.

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中国城市水泥存量和流量的测绘

了解城市历史水泥存量和流量对于预测水泥需求和进一步制定工厂层面的脱碳路径至关重要。为了填补数据空白，我们根据动态物质流分析模型和自下而上的核算方法，绘制了1980 - 2020年中国337个城市的水泥库存和流量图。该分析包括5个主要类别（建筑、交通、能源、市政和农业）和28个小类别。结果表明，中国水泥流量呈持续上升趋势，到2020年全国水泥库存量将达到2627亿吨。建筑主导了历史上的水泥消费。大约三分之一的城市尚未达到水泥消费峰值。净进口和净产出城市分别为208个和129个。人均水泥库存量从6.52吨到75.99吨不等。研究结果还强调，合理的城市规划和人口密集度可以有效提高建筑和基础设施的利用效率，减少水泥的需求。

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来源期刊

Sustainable Cities and Society Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development

CiteScore

22.00

自引率

13.70%

发文量

810

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Sustainable Cities and Society (SCS) is an international journal that focuses on fundamental and applied research to promote environmentally sustainable and socially resilient cities. The journal welcomes cross-cutting, multi-disciplinary research in various areas, including: 1. Smart cities and resilient environments; 2. Alternative/clean energy sources, energy distribution, distributed energy generation, and energy demand reduction/management; 3. Monitoring and improving air quality in built environment and cities (e.g., healthy built environment and air quality management); 4. Energy efficient, low/zero carbon, and green buildings/communities; 5. Climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban environments; 6. Green infrastructure and BMPs; 7. Environmental Footprint accounting and management; 8. Urban agriculture and forestry; 9. ICT, smart grid and intelligent infrastructure; 10. Urban design/planning, regulations, legislation, certification, economics, and policy; 11. Social aspects, impacts and resiliency of cities; 12. Behavior monitoring, analysis and change within urban communities; 13. Health monitoring and improvement; 14. Nexus issues related to sustainable cities and societies; 15. Smart city governance; 16. Decision Support Systems for trade-off and uncertainty analysis for improved management of cities and society; 17. Big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence applications and case studies; 18. Critical infrastructure protection, including security, privacy, forensics, and reliability issues of cyber-physical systems. 19. Water footprint reduction and urban water distribution, harvesting, treatment, reuse and management; 20. Waste reduction and recycling; 21. Wastewater collection, treatment and recycling; 22. Smart, clean and healthy transportation systems and infrastructure;