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Annual Review of Vision Science最新文献

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Biology of Inherited Cataracts and Opportunities for Treatment. 遗传性白内障生物学与治疗机会。
IF 5 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034346
Alan Shiels, J Fielding Hejtmancik
{"title":"Biology of Inherited Cataracts and Opportunities for Treatment.","authors":"Alan Shiels, J Fielding Hejtmancik","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034346","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cataract, the clinical correlate of opacity or light scattering in the eye lens, is usually caused by the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) protein aggregates or disruption of the lens microarchitecture. In general, genes involved in inherited cataracts reflect important processes and pathways in the lens including lens crystallins, connexins, growth factors, membrane proteins, intermediate filament proteins, and chaperones. Usually, mutations causing severe damage to proteins cause congenital cataracts, while milder variants increasing susceptibility to environmental insults are associated with age-related cataracts. These may have different pathogenic mechanisms: Congenital cataracts induce the unfolded protein response and apoptosis. By contrast, denatured crystallins in age-related cataracts are bound by α-crystallin and form light-scattering HMW aggregates. New therapeutic approaches to age-related cataracts use chemical chaperones to solubilize HMW aggregates, while attempts are being made to regenerate lenses using endogenous stem cells to treat congenital cataracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"123-149"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6791712/pdf/nihms-1053076.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coding Principles in Adaptation. 适应中的编码原则。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 Epub Date: 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014818
Alison I Weber, Kamesh Krishnamurthy, Adrienne L Fairhall
{"title":"Coding Principles in Adaptation.","authors":"Alison I Weber,&nbsp;Kamesh Krishnamurthy,&nbsp;Adrienne L Fairhall","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptation is a common principle that recurs throughout the nervous system at all stages of processing. This principle manifests in a variety of phenomena, from spike frequency adaptation, to apparent changes in receptive fields with changes in stimulus statistics, to enhanced responses to unexpected stimuli. The ubiquity of adaptation leads naturally to the question: What purpose do these different types of adaptation serve? A diverse set of theories, often highly overlapping, has been proposed to explain the functional role of adaptive phenomena. In this review, we discuss several of these theoretical frameworks, highlighting relationships among them and clarifying distinctions. We summarize observations of the varied manifestations of adaptation, particularly as they relate to these theoretical frameworks, focusing throughout on the visual system and making connections to other sensory systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"427-449"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37404455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Vascular Inflammation Risk Factors in Retinal Disease. 视网膜疾病中的血管炎症危险因素。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 Epub Date: 2019-06-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034416
Ileana Soto, Mark P Krebs, Alaina M Reagan, Gareth R Howell
{"title":"Vascular Inflammation Risk Factors in Retinal Disease.","authors":"Ileana Soto,&nbsp;Mark P Krebs,&nbsp;Alaina M Reagan,&nbsp;Gareth R Howell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation of the blood vessels that serve the central nervous system has been increasingly identified as an early and possibly initiating event among neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, the causal relevance of vascular inflammation to major retinal degenerative diseases is unresolved. Here, we describe how genetics, aging-associated changes, and environmental factors contribute to vascular inflammation in age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. We highlight the importance of mouse models in studying the underlying mechanisms and possible treatments for these diseases. We conclude that data support vascular inflammation playing a central if not primary role in retinal degenerative diseases, and this association should be a focus of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"99-122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37350286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
How Sleep Shapes Thalamocortical Circuit Function in the Visual System. 睡眠如何影响视觉系统中丘脑皮质回路的功能。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2019-09-15 Epub Date: 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014715
Jaclyn M Durkin, Sara J Aton
{"title":"How Sleep Shapes Thalamocortical Circuit Function in the Visual System.","authors":"Jaclyn M Durkin,&nbsp;Sara J Aton","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent data have shown that sleep plays a beneficial role for cognitive functions such as declarative memory consolidation and perceptual learning. In this article, we review recent findings on the role of sleep in promoting adaptive visual response changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex following novel visual experiences. We discuss these findings in the context of what is currently known about how sleep affects the activity and function of thalamocortical circuits and current hypotheses regarding how sleep facilitates synaptic plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"295-315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37399400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Geometry of Pictorial Relief. 图形浮雕几何学。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2018-09-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034250
Jan J Koenderink, Andrea J van Doorn, Johan Wagemans
{"title":"Geometry of Pictorial Relief.","authors":"Jan J Koenderink,&nbsp;Andrea J van Doorn,&nbsp;Johan Wagemans","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pictorial relief is a quality of visual awareness that happens when one looks into (as opposed to at) a picture. It has no physical counterpart of a geometrical nature. It takes account of cues, mentally identified in the tonal gradients of the physical picture-pigments distributed over a planar substrate. Among generally recognized qualities of relief are color, pattern, texture, shape, and depth. This review focuses on geometrical properties, the spatial variation of depth. To be aware of an extended quality like relief implies a \"depth\" dimension, a nonphysical spatial entity that may smoothly vary in a surface-like manner. The conceptual understanding is in terms of formal geometry. The review centers on pertinent facts and formal models. The facts are necessarily so-called brute facts (i.e., they cannot be explained scientifically). This review is a foray into the speculative and experimental phenomenology of the visual field.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"451-474"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36497180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Thalamocortical Circuits and Functional Architecture. 丘脑皮质回路和功能结构。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2018-09-15 Epub Date: 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034122
Jens Kremkow, Jose-Manuel Alonso
{"title":"Thalamocortical Circuits and Functional Architecture.","authors":"Jens Kremkow,&nbsp;Jose-Manuel Alonso","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thalamocortical pathway is the main route of communication between the eye and the cerebral cortex. During embryonic development, thalamocortical afferents travel to L4 and are sorted by receptive field position, eye of origin, and contrast polarity (i.e., preference for light or dark stimuli). In primates and carnivores, this sorting involves numerous afferents, most of which sample a limited region of the binocular field. Devoting abundant thalamocortical resources to process a limited visual field has a clear advantage: It allows many stimulus combinations to be sampled at each spatial location. Moreover, the sampling efficiency can be further enhanced by organizing the afferents in a cortical grid for eye input and contrast polarity. We argue that thalamocortical interactions within this eye-polarity grid can be used to represent multiple stimulus combinations found in nature and to build an accurate cortical map for multidimensional stimulus space.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"263-285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36184231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Plasticity of Retinal Gap Junctions: Roles in Synaptic Physiology and Disease. 视网膜间隙连接的可塑性:在突触生理学和疾病中的作用。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2018-09-15 Epub Date: 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034133
John O'Brien, Stewart A Bloomfield
{"title":"Plasticity of Retinal Gap Junctions: Roles in Synaptic Physiology and Disease.","authors":"John O'Brien,&nbsp;Stewart A Bloomfield","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrical synaptic transmission via gap junctions underlies direct and rapid neuronal communication in the central nervous system. The diversity of functional roles played by electrical synapses is perhaps best exemplified in the vertebrate retina, in which gap junctions are expressed by each of the five major neuronal types. These junctions are highly plastic; they are dynamically regulated by ambient illumination and circadian rhythms acting through light-activated neuromodulators. The networks formed by electrically coupled neurons provide plastic, reconfigurable circuits positioned to play key and diverse roles in the transmission and processing of visual information at every retinal level. Recent work indicates gap junctions also play a role in the progressive cell death and aberrant activity seen in various pathological conditions of the retina. Gap junctions thus form potential targets for novel neuroprotective therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative retinal diseases such as glaucoma and ischemic retinopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"79-100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36210774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
A Tale of Two Visual Systems: Invariant and Adaptive Visual Information Representations in the Primate Brain. 两种视觉系统的故事:灵长类大脑中的不变和自适应视觉信息表征。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2018-09-15 Epub Date: 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-033954
Yaoda Xu
{"title":"A Tale of Two Visual Systems: Invariant and Adaptive Visual Information Representations in the Primate Brain.","authors":"Yaoda Xu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-033954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-033954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual information processing contains two opposite needs. There is both a need to comprehend the richness of the visual world and a need to extract only pertinent visual information to guide thoughts and behavior at a given moment. I argue that these two aspects of visual processing are mediated by two complementary visual systems in the primate brain-specifically, the occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). The role of OTC in visual processing has been documented extensively by decades of neuroscience research. I review here recent evidence from human imaging and monkey neurophysiology studies to highlight the role of PPC in adaptive visual processing. I first document the diverse array of visual representations found in PPC. I then describe the adaptive nature of visual representation in PPC by contrasting visual processing in OTC and PPC and by showing that visual representations in PPC largely originate from OTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"311-336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-033954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36263839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Blindness and Human Brain Plasticity. 失明与人类大脑可塑性。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2018-09-15 Epub Date: 2018-07-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-102016-061241
Ione Fine, Ji-Min Park
{"title":"Blindness and Human Brain Plasticity.","authors":"Ione Fine,&nbsp;Ji-Min Park","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-102016-061241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-102016-061241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early blindness causes fundamental alterations of neural function across more than 25% of cortex-changes that span the gamut from metabolism to behavior and collectively represent one of the most dramatic examples of plasticity in the human brain. The goal of this review is to describe how the remarkable behavioral and neuroanatomical compensations demonstrated by blind individuals provide insights into the extent, mechanisms, and limits of human brain plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"337-356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-102016-061241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36286378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 44
Microglia in the Retina: Roles in Development, Maturity, and Disease. 视网膜中的小胶质细胞:在发育、成熟和疾病中的作用。
IF 6 2区 医学
Annual Review of Vision Science Pub Date : 2018-09-15 Epub Date: 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034425
Sean M Silverman, Wai T Wong
{"title":"Microglia in the Retina: Roles in Development, Maturity, and Disease.","authors":"Sean M Silverman,&nbsp;Wai T Wong","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microglia, the primary resident immune cell type, constitute a key population of glia in the retina. Recent evidence indicates that microglia play significant functional roles in the retina at different life stages. During development, retinal microglia regulate neuronal survival by exerting trophic influences and influencing programmed cell death. During adulthood, ramified microglia in the plexiform layers interact closely with synapses to maintain synaptic structure and function that underlie the retina's electrophysiological response to light. Under pathological conditions, retinal microglia participate in potentiating neurodegeneration in diseases such as glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related neurodegeneration by producing proinflammatory neurotoxic cytokines and removing living neurons via phagocytosis. Modulation of pathogenic microglial activation states and effector mechanisms has been linked to neuroprotection in animal models of retinal diseases. These findings have led to the design of early proof-of-concept clinical trials with microglial modulation as a therapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48658,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Vision Science","volume":"4 ","pages":"45-77"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36180783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 170
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