High VoltagePub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1049/hve2.70020
Guangyu Sun, Xiong Yang, Wentong An, Kun Huang, Xiaogang Qin, Baipeng Song, Guanjun Zhang
{"title":"Investigation of the dynamic charge transport behaviours under electron beam irradiation of advanced insulation materials for aerospace applications","authors":"Guangyu Sun, Xiong Yang, Wentong An, Kun Huang, Xiaogang Qin, Baipeng Song, Guanjun Zhang","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aerospace dielectric components on spacecrafts are frequently exposed to surface charging. Here the dynamic charging behaviours of advanced aerospace dielectrics under electron beam irradiation are investigated. Combined measurement of dielectric secondary emission yield (SEY) and trap distribution provides input parameters of a drift-diffusion transport model reproducing the beam-irradiated dielectric charging processes. The model reveals the spatial–temporal evolutions of the current, charge density, and electric field distribution. The model-predicted sample current, SEY and surface potential, in a surface layer of 1 μm and with incident electron energy range of 10–30 keV, are compared with the experiments, showing qualitative agreement. The effects of beam energy and current, dielectric material, and sample thickness on the charging processes are explored. Relation between the beam energy and final surface potential is determined, and the beam current is found to only affect the charging speed. Dielectric parameters including the mass density, permittivity, surface resistivity, trap state distribution, electron affinity, together influence the charging speed and final charged state.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"305-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High VoltagePub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1049/hve2.70021
Wenqing Zhou, Qihao Xiao, Yanyang Yin, Xiaodong Liu, Licheng Li, Gang Liu
{"title":"Repair of defects in buffer layer of high voltage cable based on additive liquid silicone rubber material","authors":"Wenqing Zhou, Qihao Xiao, Yanyang Yin, Xiaodong Liu, Licheng Li, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the issue of defects in the buffer layers of high-voltage cables has garnered significant attention due to their widespread occurrence and the substantial potential damages they pose. Although progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms behind these defects and in developing detection methods, effective repair solutions remain limited. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a novel repair material: a two-component, additive liquid silicone rubber-based compound that utilises vinyl silicone oil as its base. The electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the cured silicone-based repair fluid are thoroughly analysed. To evaluate its effectiveness, an experimental platform was constructed using a 17-m-long, 110 kV retired cable with known buffer layer defects. A specialised injection process was developed to facilitate the application of the repair fluid. The thermal characteristics, buffer layer voltage distribution, and partial discharge behaviour of the defective cable were analysed both before and after the repair. The results indicate that following the repair, the cable's heat dissipation capacity under full load increased by 6.25%. Additionally, the buffer layer voltage at the rated voltage (<i>U</i><sub>0</sub>) decreased from 1.97 to 0.34 V, representing an 82.74% reduction. Notably, no partial discharge signals exceeding background noise were detected post-repair. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the addition-cure liquid silicone rubber-based semi-conductive material in repairing cable buffer layer defects and provides valuable experimental support for its practical application in engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"316-324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on digital twin modelling technique for ±800 kV converter transformers scene based on hybrid attention mechanism and multiresolution hash encoding","authors":"Hao Luo, Li Cheng, Pengyong Yi, Jiuyi Wang, Xuetong Zhao, Lijun Yang, Ruijin Liao","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital twin (DT) modelling is a prerequisite for the successful application of DT technology in the power industry. However, traditional scene modelling methods are costly, time-consuming, focus on overall features and lack real-time updates, hindering the interaction between DT models and physical power equipment scenes. Therefore, a scene DT modelling technique focusing on local features in risk areas and real-time updates is urgently needed. Herein, real-time modelling of the ±800 kV converter transformer is achieved by improving the neural radiation field based on a hybrid attention mechanism and multiresolution hash encoding. Compared to traditional methods, modelling time is reduced from hours to 1 min without professional equipment or manual intervention. The model quality is more concerned with local features of risk areas in transformers while ensuring the overall scene, and the accuracy is improved by about 6%, realising the real-time modelling of transformers and the DT of scenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"294-304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High VoltagePub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1049/hve2.70000
Chanyong Lee, Yohan Noh, Hangoo Cho, Jaehyeong Lee
{"title":"Fabrication of insulation spacers for ultra-high voltage gas-insulated switchgear using eco-friendly bio-based epoxy composite material characterisation evaluation","authors":"Chanyong Lee, Yohan Noh, Hangoo Cho, Jaehyeong Lee","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the electric power equipment industry, various insulating materials and accessories are manufactured using petroleum-based epoxy resins. However, petrochemical resources are gradually becoming limited. In addition, the global surge in plastic usage has consistently raised concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions, leading to worsening global warming. Therefore, to facilitate eco-friendly policies, industrialising epoxy systems applicable to high-pressure components using bio-based epoxy composites is essential. The results of the characterisation conducted in this research regarding bio-content were confirmed through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, which showed that as the bio-content increased, the thermal stability improved. Considering the operating temperature of 105°C for the insulation spacer, structurally, no issues would be encountered if the spacer was manufactured with a bio-content of 20% (bio 20%). Subsequent tensile and flexural strength measurements revealed mechanical properties equivalent to or better than those of their petroleum-based counterparts. The impact strength tended to decrease with increasing bio-content. Analysing the dielectric properties confirmed that the epoxy composite containing 20% biomaterial is suitable for manufacturing insulation spacers. Subsequently, a series of tests conducted after spacer fabrication confirmed the absence of internal metals and bubbles with no external discolouration or cracks observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"451-457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High VoltagePub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1049/hve2.12522
Hongbo Liu, Lu Cheng, Zhiyuan Li, Jiakai Zeng, Wenfeng Liu, Shengtao Li
{"title":"Enhanced high-temperature energy storage density of polypropylene-based materials by micro-crosslinked structure design with N-type organic semiconductor","authors":"Hongbo Liu, Lu Cheng, Zhiyuan Li, Jiakai Zeng, Wenfeng Liu, Shengtao Li","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.12522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the authors proposed a promising structure design, the micro-crosslinked polypropylene (PP), to enhance the high-temperature energy storage density. With the grafting of 1,6,7,12-tetrachlorinated perylene-<i>N</i>-2-aminoethyl acrylate-<i>N</i>′-dodecylamine-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (PTCDA) onto PP molecules, the obtained PP-g-PTCDA achieved a superior energy storage density of 2.34 J/cm<sup>3</sup> at 120°C with the discharge efficiency above 90%, which was 585% higher than that of neat PP. The great enhancement, on the one hand, originated from the micro-crosslinked structure, since the restricted molecular motion can lead to the suppression of electrons' hopping across the molecular chains. On the other hand, deep traps were also introduced in PP-g-PTCDA, which restricted the electrons' hopping along the molecular chains simultaneously. This work provided an orientation to enhance the energy storage density at an elevated temperature of 120°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"738-745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High VoltagePub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1049/hve2.70009
Pedro O. Bacin, Mateus F. Fava, Rodolfo P. Londero, Tiago B. Marchesan, Vitor C. Bender, Rafael C. Beltrame, Daniel P. Bernardon, Carlos Eduardo G. Falcão, Carlos A. Simões, Gilnei José G. Santos
{"title":"Incident energy determination of three-phase arc flash using magnetohydrodynamics simulations: A case study for horizontal electrodes in open-air configurations","authors":"Pedro O. Bacin, Mateus F. Fava, Rodolfo P. Londero, Tiago B. Marchesan, Vitor C. Bender, Rafael C. Beltrame, Daniel P. Bernardon, Carlos Eduardo G. Falcão, Carlos A. Simões, Gilnei José G. Santos","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arc flashes pose significant hazards to personnel working with energised power lines due to their high thermal risk, quantified by incident energy (IE) in joules or calories per area. Accurate estimation of IE is crucial for ensuring safety. The most widely employed method for estimating IE from an arc flash is outlined in IEEE Std 1584-2018, which applies exclusively to three-phase AC arc flashes. However, limited research has explored alternative methods due to the complexities, costs, and preparation involved. Numerical simulations offer a viable alternative for studying arc flashes. This paper introduces a multiphysics simulation approach for determining IE by modelling three-phase AC arc flashes using the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory. This study exclusively investigates horizontal electrodes in open-air (HOA) configuration due to the specific characteristics of the local power system configuration, which predominantly features overhead power lines, and the available test setup in the laboratory. The IE derived from simulations is compared with measurements from an arc flash laboratory based on IEEE Std 1584-2018 and with the IE calculated by the standard itself. The results indicate a significant alignment between this innovative approach and other methods for estimating IE for three-phase arc flashes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"436-450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental proof of concept of time-reversal single-sensor acoustic source localisation: Application to partial discharges","authors":"Hamidreza Karami, Zhaoyang Wang, Parsa Khorasani, Javad Zohrevand, Marcos Rubinstein, Farhad Rachidi","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, for the first time, an experimental proof of concept for utilising time reversal (TR) in the acoustic regime to localise partial discharge (PD) sources was presented using a single sensor. To achieve this, an experimental setup comprising a water tank, acoustic transducers for signal transmission and reception, and 2D scanners was developed. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated across various scenarios, encompassing different PD source locations and sensor placements, barriers obstructing the line of sight between the receiving sensor and PD sources, varying levels of noise, and different frequency bandwidths for the PD sources. The experimental results demonstrate a near-zero localisation error in all considered examples. The achieved resolution was approximately half of the minimum wavelength. Furthermore, the acoustic TR method exhibits remarkable precision in source localisation, even when faced with obstacles such as a multi-layered metallic cylinder and in scenarios lacking a direct line of sight between the sensor and the source. The accuracy of acoustic TR's localisation remained robust in the presence of noise, showcasing resilience at signal-to-noise ratio levels as low as −20 dB. Additionally, the performance of the acoustic TR method remained consistent across a broad frequency spectrum, spanning from 60 to 200 kHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Severity assessment of local ageing defects in cross-linked polyethylene cables based on the high-voltage frequency domain spectroscopy non-linearity and its sensitivity analysis","authors":"Haoyue Wang, Meng Li, Yiyi Zhu, Jinghan He, Chengrong Li, Xiaowei Wang, Maolun Sun","doi":"10.1049/hve2.12518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.12518","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local ageing defects are the main causes of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cable faults. This research aims at assessing the severity level of typical cable local ageing defects based on the high-voltage frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) non-linearity. Experimentally, typical XLPE cables ageing defect conditions are simulated, with different ageing types, degrees, and local proportions. Then, the high-voltage FDS detection is conducted and the results have been analysed. It has been found that the high-voltage FDS non-linearity is only related to the detection voltage and ageing degree. Especially, it is more sensitive to changes in the ageing severity. Thus, the local ageing defect severity assessment method based on non-linearity has been established. Additionally, the sensitivity has been compared between two diagnostic evaluation methods: the high-voltage FDS and the widely used very-low frequency method (VLF, 0.1 Hz). It can be concluded from the comparison result that the proposed assessment method has higher sensitivity than that of the traditional methods. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method for evaluating the on-site long cables has been validated. The result demonstrates that the proposed method can assess on-site long cables and has the potential to be formed as quantitative standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"385-399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.12518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on electrical conductivity of polypropylene composite for nuclear cable insulation","authors":"Baixin Liu, Yu Gao, Chenyi Guo, Jing Li, Yu Chen, Junguo Gao, Boxue Du","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the electrical conductivity of polypropylene (PP) composites has been studied. The samples are prepared using PP and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastomer with contents ranging from 0 wt% to 50 wt%, and exposed to Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation, with a dose from 0 to 250 kGy. Electrical conductivities at different temperatures and trap distributions are measured to observe the deterioration of insulation performance. The microstructure of the sample is estimated using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and a scanning electron microscope. The obtained results demonstrate a correlation between the increase in electrical conductivity and the elevation in both total dose and temperature. At 250 kGy, the trap distribution tends to become shallower, accompanied by a decrease in crystallinity, melting and decomposition temperatures of the sample. The PP composite exhibits better stability against irradiation and thermal effects, primarily due to the cross-linked structures formed by irradiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 2","pages":"470-479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High VoltagePub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1049/hve2.70004
Chongru Liu, Jun Liang, Zhanqing Yu
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Special issue on real-time simulation and validation of modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current systems","authors":"Chongru Liu, Jun Liang, Zhanqing Yu","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) technology is advancing rapidly in modern power systems, striving for higher voltage levels and greater power transmission capacity. Real-time simulation has become an essential tool for the design, analysis, and validation of MMC-HVDC systems. However, the complexity of MMC-HVDC with its numerous fast-switching power electronic components presents significant challenges in accurately capturing dynamic responses. Advanced simulation techniques are indispensable for modelling the intricate behaviours of converters, control systems, and protection mechanisms, which are critical for the reliable operation of MMC-HVDC systems.</p><p>We are honoured to have been invited by <i>High Voltage</i> to serve as guest editors for this special issue, which highlights key achievements in the field of real-time simulation and validation of MMC-HVDC systems. This issue comprises both invited and submitted papers. After rigorous peer review, four outstanding articles were selected showcasing cutting-edge research in real-time simulation technologies, advanced computational methods, and innovative platforms for emerging new power systems.</p><p>We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all contributing authors for their exceptional work and to the reviewers for their meticulous and insightful feedback, which have been instrumental in ensuring the quality of this special issue. We also sincerely thank the editorial team of <i>High Voltage</i> for their support and dedication throughout the preparation process.</p><p>We hope this special issue serves as an inspiring and educational resource, offering valuable insights and advancing the field of MMC-HVDC systems. Happy reading!</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}