High Voltage最新文献

{"title":"Simulation and experimental study on the method for reducing the pour point of pentaerythritol ester","authors":"Chaofan Wang,&nbsp;Kaiyi Tian,&nbsp;Haochen Zuo,&nbsp;Yingying Shu,&nbsp;Jiachen Yao,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengyong Huang,&nbsp;Jian Li","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The low temperature flow properties of synthetic esters were investigated based on molecular dynamics simulations, and the influence of the molecular structure of pentaerythritol esters on the pour point was explored. When the carbon number and parity of the ester chain are the same, the pour point of the ester with a branched chain is relatively low. The pour point is related to the position of the branched chain, which near the ester group or methyl group is slightly less effective in reducing the pour point than in the β-C position. When the number of carbons in the ester chain increases from an even to an odd number (from 6 to 7, or from 8 to 9), the pour point rises by approximately 14.5°C (from −47.65°C to −33.15°C) or 9.5°C (from −9.65°C to −0.15°C). When the number of carbons increases from odd to even numbers (from 7 to 8, or from 9 to 10), the pour point rises by approximately 23.5°C (from −33.15°C to −9.65°C) or 15.5°C (−0.15°C to 15.35°C). The branched-chain modification method for reducing the pour point of pentaerythritol ester has been proposed. The pour point of the pentaerythritol ester was −40°C when the percentage of branched chain acid in the raw material was 10% and 15%.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"680-688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High field conduction in biaxially oriented polypropylene at elevated temperature","authors":"Jierui Zhou,&nbsp;Jiaohao Mao,&nbsp;Wenqiang Gao,&nbsp;Zongze Li,&nbsp;Jindong Huo,&nbsp;Miko Cakmak,&nbsp;Yang Cao","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) thin film is the predominant dielectric material used in film capacitive energy storage for pulsed power engineering and power conversions due to its remarkable high dielectric strength and low conduction loss. However, the design rating of BOPP film capacitors in high power density conversion systems operated also under high temperature is still based on the empirical criteria due to the lack of systematic mechanism studies at elevated temperature. In this work, the temperature-dependent electrical conduction in tenter and bubble BOPP films up to their breakdown strength was systematically studied using a specialised circuitry featuring dynamic gain-controlled capacitive current cancellation. Both tenter and bubble BOPP films exhibit an extended trap-limited conduction region at the high electric field, followed subsequently with a trap-filled limited conduction until breakdown. This trap-filled-limited conduction presents characteristics of carriers transport with detrimental high mobility and soaring conduction loss. Overall, the shallow localised states revealed by the Arrhenius analysis, the large bandgap, and high barrier height of BOPP film together render its exceptional electrical integrity. In comparison, the enhanced crystallinity and larger crystallite sizes in tenter BOPP produced by the sequential stretching result in a higher upper operational temperature and slightly higher breakdown strength than bubble BOPP, suggesting the important role of processing induced enhancements to intrinsic properties of molecular origin. This study provides insights into the high-field characteristics of BOPP films at elevated temperature with promising learning outcomes useful to the expedited designs of the next generation polymer films for capacitive energy storages.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"595-602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space Charge and Breakdown Properties of PP-Based Insulation Interface in Extrusion Molded Joint for HVDC Submarine Cables","authors":"Zhonglei Li, Zhong Zheng, Zhaorui Luo, Kai Gao, Xiongjun Liu, Boxue Du","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the space charge and breakdown characteristics of polypropylene (PP)-based insulation interface in extrusion moulded joint (EMJ) for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine cables. The double-layered flat samples and cylindrical samples are prepared to imitate the interface in the PP-insulated EMJ. The DC conductivity, space charge, and breakdown strength are tested. The results demonstrate that in the EMJ manufacturing process, the lower wielding temperature leads to microdefects at the insulation interface. As shallow traps, the microdefects exacerbate hetero charge accumulation, thereby intensifying the electric field distortion and increasing the conductivity. Meanwhile, the interfacial microdefects lead to a reduction in the insulation breakdown strength. At 90°C, the normal and tangential breakdown strengths decrease by a maximum of 20.6% and 54.5%, respectively. Notably, the space charges and microdefects lead to a rapid decline in the breakdown strength after hetero polarity pre-stressing. Especially for the tangential breakdown strength, the maximum decrease rate reaches 22.9%. Therefore, the interfacial microdefects caused by the drop in the welding temperature are the primary factors leading to a serious decrease in the electrical properties of EMJ insulation, making the EMJ insulation weaker than PP cable insulation.","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Thermal Modelling for Core-Type High-Frequency Transformers Based on Air-Solid Surface Nusselt Number Calibration","authors":"Lujia Wang, Qiao Liang, Mengdi Yang, Hailong Zhang, Ting Chen, Chenliang Ji, Jianwen Zhang","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70053","url":null,"abstract":"Quickly and accurately obtaining the internal temperature distribution of a transformer plays a key role in predicting its operating conditions and simplifying the maintenance process. A reasonable equivalent thermal circuit model is a relatively reliable method of obtaining the internal temperature distribution. However, thermal circuit models without targeted consideration of operating conditions and parameter corrections usually limit the accuracy of the results. This paper proposed a five-node transient thermal circuit model with the introduction of nonlinear thermal resistance, which considered the internal structure and winding layout of the core-type high-frequency transformer. The Nusselt number, a crucial variable in heat convection calculations and directly related to the accuracy of thermal resistance parameters, was calibrated on the basis of the distribution of external cooling air. After parameter calibration, the maximum computational error of the hotspot temperature is reduced by 5.48% compared with that of the uncalibrated model. Finally, an experimental platform for temperature monitoring was established to validate the five-node model and its ability to track the temperature change at each reference point after calibrating the Nusselt number.","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the failure mechanism of ZnO varistors influenced by high-resistance media based on multi-field coupling simulation","authors":"Pengfei Meng,&nbsp;Yue Yin,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Jingke Guo,&nbsp;Zerui Li,&nbsp;Kai Zhou,&nbsp;Guangya Zhu,&nbsp;Yefei Xu","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the distribution of high-resistance media (pores and spinels) within <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>ZnO</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $text{ZnO}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> varistors and explores the mechanical and electrical failure mechanisms of varistors under different pulse actions. Micro-CT technology revealed that the proportion of high-resistance media in the edge area is much higher than in the internal area. Simulation results indicated that a high porosity significantly increased temperature rise and thermal stress concentration, while a high spinel proportion exacerbated current concentration but had a relatively minor impact on the distribution of temperature rise and thermal stress. Under an electric field of 1000–1250 V/mm, pores transition from an insulating state to a conductive state, especially in the edge area, leading to concentrated temperature rise and thermal stress. Once the thermal stress exceeded the critical value of the mechanical strength of the pores, cracking failure occurred. The high spinel proportion in the edge area further intensified current concentration under high electric fields, working together with the conductivity of the pores to produce a significant local temperature rise, melting grain structure, and ultimately leading to puncture failure. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the failure mechanism of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>ZnO</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $text{ZnO}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> varistors and lays a theoretical foundation for the development of varistor materials with high energy absorption capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"673-679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of flaky particle motion under typical vibration excitation for gas insulated switchgear live operation","authors":"Jian Wang,&nbsp;Chengyi Qin,&nbsp;Teng Zhang,&nbsp;Keda Chen,&nbsp;Yuyi Wu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Hanwen Ren,&nbsp;Qingmin Li","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Within 30 min after live operation of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), more than 60% of discharge failures are caused by metallic particles. To address this issue, this study explored the vibration propagation mechanisms in GIS cavities and established an equivalent vibration transmission model. A kinetic energy transfer conservation model between the cavity and particles was constructed, systematically analyzing the critical factors affecting the particle starting field strength and explicitly formulating the criterion for vibration-induced particle activation. The electric field distortion caused by particle rotation was investigated, and a collision dynamics model characterizing rotational motion was developed. By analyzing the critical conditions for stable and rotational motion, the corresponding criterion was derived. The results showed that the electric field distortion caused by flaky particles increases with the rotation angle. Vibration effectively activates particles and enhances their mobility. The discharge risk is positively correlated with vibration intensity and particle thickness, but negatively correlated with particle size. This paper clarifies the motion mechanism of flaky metal particles in GIS under shock vibration, providing support for solving the problem of frequent faults after GIS live operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"660-672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel current-source management integrated circuit applied to high-voltage integrated gate commutated thyristor gate driver","authors":"Shiping Chen,&nbsp;Zhanqing Yu,&nbsp;Jiaxu Shi,&nbsp;Zhengyu Chen,&nbsp;Lu Qu,&nbsp;Jinpeng Wu,&nbsp;Rong Zeng","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a fully customised integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) gate driver monolithic integrated circuit (GDMIC), aiming to address the many shortcomings of traditional IGCT gate driver units composed of discrete components, such as the excessive number of components, low reliability, and complex development processes. The current-source driving characteristics of IGCTs pose significant technical challenges for developing fully customised integrated circuits (IC). The customised requirements of IGCT gate driver chips under various operating conditions are explored regarding functional module division, power sequencing, and chip parameter specifications. However, existing high-side (HS) driver methods exhibit limitations in functional monolithic integration and bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatibility. To address these challenges, a novel HS driving topology based on floating linear regulators is proposed. It can achieve synchronised control of multi-channel floating power transistors while supporting 100% duty cycle continuous conduction. The proposed GDMIC reduces the three independent HS power supplies to a single multiplexed topology, significantly decreasing circuit complexity. Experimental results validate the feasibility and performance of a 4-inch gate driver prototype based on IGCT current-source management IC, demonstrating significant advantages in reducing the number of components, enhancing device reliability, and simplifying development. The proposed GDMIC offers an innovative development path for future high-power IGCT drivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"533-545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of medium voltage single-phase solid-state transformer for high-speed railway vehicles: Reduced scale verification results","authors":"Dong-Uk Kim,&nbsp;Jin-Hyuk Park,&nbsp;Seung-Hwan Lee,&nbsp;Sungmin Kim","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a high-power-density solid-state transformer (SST) designed for 25 kV alternative current railway applications, delivering a 3 kV direct current output to traction inverters. The SST is composed of sub-modules with the adoption of 1.7 kV insulated gate bipolar transistor and SiC metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET) in an input-series–output-series structure, providing higher power density than conventional topologies that rely on high-voltage switches (&gt;1.7 kV). Because these high-voltage SiC MOSFETs are still expensive and not fully commercialised, the proposed approach offers a more cost-effective alternative. A total of 42 converter cells ensure a highly modular and scalable design, with precise synchronisation and high-speed control achieved through an EtherCAT-based communication network. Additionally, a distributed control algorithm is introduced, mitigating excessive dependence on the communication link for module-level operations. The effectiveness of the entire system—including the design and control schemes—has been experimentally verified, ranging from individual converter cells to a reduced SST prototype of up to three sub-modules. These results confirm the feasibility and advantages of the proposed SST in terms of power density, cost efficiency and reliability for railway traction applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"555-569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converter station selection method of urban VSC-DC intertie for grid resilience enhancement","authors":"Mingyang Li,&nbsp;Kaiqi Sun,&nbsp;Ke-Jun Li,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Ge Cao,&nbsp;Shuxin Song,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Sun","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The site selection of converter stations for voltage source converter-based direct current (VSC-DC) interties can significantly impact their control performance, particularly when both grid-following control (GFL) and grid-forming control (GFM) are configured. It is challenging to fully realise the maximum potential of both control modes at a single node within an urban power grid. This paper proposes a novel converter station site selection method to identify optimal connection points in urban grids, enabling efficient active power transfer while providing flexible active and reactive power support in interconnected urban areas. First, a comprehensive index system is developed to quantitatively assess the impact of VSC-DC intertie converter station siting on urban grids under both GFL and GFM modes. The proposed method utilises voltage stability margins to quickly rank candidate nodes and combines Euclidean distance with grey relational analysis to determine the most advantageous locations. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the novel site selection method ensures converter stations configured with both GFL and GFM are optimally sited, thereby maximising control performance, significantly enhancing power support capabilities, and improving resilience at the connected nodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"581-594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of trace CF4 in C4F7N-insulated gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear: Cascading specific chemical reactions with photoacoustic spectroscopy","authors":"Zhicheng Wu,&nbsp;Jiahao Du,&nbsp;Zehao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Shengjin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoang Li,&nbsp;Qiaogen Zhang","doi":"10.1049/hve2.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1049/hve2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>CF₄ is a major decomposition product of the insulating gas in C₄F₇N-insulated gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) during partial discharge or overheating faults. Its detection is essential for effective online monitoring and fault diagnosis of GIS. However, the application of photoacoustic spectroscopy for CF₄ detection is hampered by significant cross-interference from the background C₄F₇N gas. In this paper, quantum chemical calculations revealed that C₄F₇N hydrolyses to form perfluoroisobutyrate and ammonia under base catalysis, exhibiting a low reaction energy barrier and high Gibbs free energy change, indicating ease of initiation and substantial reaction extent. This chemical specificity, unlike the stable CF₄ which does not undergo such a reaction, enables selective purification of the gas to be detected through this hydrolysis reaction. Leveraging this insight, an experimental system was constructed that cascades chemical absorption purification with photoacoustic spectroscopy detection. This system effectively mitigates the cross-interference of C₄F₇N in CF₄ detection by selectively absorbing C₄F₇N with over 95% efficiency through a base-catalysed nucleophilic hydrolysis reaction. This enabled the precise detection of trace amounts of CF₄ against a substantial background of C₄F₇N with a detection limit reaching 14.79 μL/L. This advancement offers support for the online monitoring and fault diagnosis of eco-friendly GIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48649,"journal":{"name":"High Voltage","volume":"10 3","pages":"615-622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/hve2.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}