Geothermal Energy最新文献

{"title":"Magnetic and gravity modeling and subsurface structure of two geothermal fields in the UAE","authors":"Hakim Saibi,&nbsp;Mohamed Amrouche,&nbsp;Joseph Batir,&nbsp;Amir Gabr,&nbsp;Abdel-Rahman Fowler","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00240-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00240-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are two low-enthalpy geothermal systems along the eastern border of the United Arab Emirates: Ain Khatt (Khatt City, Ras Al Khaimah Emirate) and Green Mubazzarah–Ain Faidha (GMAF) (Al-Ain City, Abu Dhabi Emirate). The hot springs are likely to be meteoric waters fed through deep-seated faults that intersect the geothermal reservoirs at 2.6–3.8 km depth. Gravity and magnetic data were analyzed by gradient (horizontal derivative “HD”, and improved normalized horizontal tilt angle “INH”), and separately 3D modeled to image the subsurface structure of the two UAE geothermal systems. Bouguer anomalies in GMAF and Ain Khatt range from − 14.2 to 8.09 mGal and − 169.3 to − 122.2 mGal, respectively. Magnetic intensities in GMAF and Ain Khatt vary from 39,327 to 44,718 nT and 43,650 to 44,653 nT, respectively. The UAE hot springs (GMAF and Ain Khatt) are located in mainly high HD and INH regions, which reflect significant discontinuities in the basement rock, such as faults or lithological contacts. A joint inversion of magnetic and gravity data, through Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling, was performed to explore and interpret the 3D density and magnetic susceptibility variations. Results show that the hot springs in both geothermal systems are associated with intersecting geological contacts and fault zones. The Green-Mubazzarah–Ain Faidha hot springs may be connected at depth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00240-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel workflow for geothermal exploration: 3D seismic interpretation of biohermal buildups (Upper Jurassic, Molasse Basin, Germany)","authors":"Philipp Wolpert,&nbsp;Thomas Aigner,&nbsp;Daniel Bendias,&nbsp;Kilian Beichel,&nbsp;Kai Zosseder","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00235-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00235-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Upper Jurassic carbonates are the prime target for deep geothermal exploration in the Molasse basin, South Germany. The carbonates have a thickness of over 500m (1640 ft) and consist of two major facies: (1) bedded marly limestone and (2) massive limestone and dolostone. The massive limestone facies is composed of sponge-microbial biohermal buildups It is considered the main geothermal reservoir facies. Only this facies type may be (1) karstified, (2) dolomitized, and/or (3) faulted and fractured, and therefore can yield very high flow rates of &gt;100 l/sec = 26 gps. The main data source used in this study is the 3D seismic survey of the Freiham geothermal field in the western part of Munich/Germany. Blended in were cutting logs to describe the lithology from 2 wells and borehole image logs from the two geothermal wells. Lithologies derived from these wells were upscaled in support of the seismic interpretation. The study presents an integrated workflow of 3D seismic attribute analysis to analyze the distribution and quantification of reservoir facies (massive limestone) versus non-reservoir facies (bedded marly limestone) per time slice. The attribute “sum of magnitude” is mapped for 9-time slices based on the vertical resolution of the Freiham 3D cube. The seismic facies interpretation is compared with upscaled borehole image facies associations of two geothermal wells. BHI log data is calibrated with an interpretation of the depositional environment based on cutting analysis Reservoir geometries were derived from an outcrop analog study to better understand the 3D seismic facies interpretation and to construct the conceptual depositional model of the Upper Jurassic carbonates. This technique is commonly used in hydrocarbon exploration but is not yet adapted to geothermal projects, which are often based on little data, smaller company sizes, tight budgets, and limited access to specialized geomodelling software and experience. The approach of using 3D seismic attribute analysis presented in this study provides a quantitative subsurface model of geothermal reservoir facies in the Freiham geothermal field. It is quick and straightforward and can easily be applied in the exploration workflow for similar fields and reservoirs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00235-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a risk assessment tool for deep geothermal projects: example of application in the Paris Basin and Upper Rhine graben","authors":"Julie Maury,&nbsp;Virginie Hamm,&nbsp;Annick Loschetter,&nbsp;Thomas Le Guenan","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00238-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00238-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the development of a tool to perform risk assessment for deep geothermal projects. The tool is aimed at project developers to help them present their project to local authority, decision-makers and financers so they can highlight how they take into account risks and consider mitigation measures to minimize them. The main criteria for this tool are the simplicity of use, the quality of presentation and flexibility. It is based on results from the H2020 GEORISK project that identified risks that apply to geothermal projects and proposed insurance schemes all over Europe. A characteristic of this tool is that it considers all the categories of risks that a project may face, including geological, technical, environmental risks as well as risks related to the social, economic and political contexts. The tool can be customized: selection of risks in a list that can be completed, adaptable rating scheme for risk analysis, possibility to choose the best display for results depending on the user needs. Two case applications are presented, one in the Paris Basin considering a doublet targeting the Upper Trias, a geological layer that presents some technical challenges; and one in the Upper Rhine graben targeting a fault zone, where the risk of induced seismicity must be carefully considered. A posteriori risk assessment highlights the main issues with these types of projects, and the comparison between the two cases emphasizes the flexibility of the tool, as well as, the different ways to present the results depending on the objective of the analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00238-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48305616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a hybrid heating system based on enhanced deep borehole heat exchanger and solar energy","authors":"Yujiang He,&nbsp;Xianbiao Bu","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00236-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00236-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) is a closed loop system without the problem of fluid losses, scale formation and corrosion; however, low rock thermal conductivity limits its performance. Enlightened by drilling mud loss in oil and gas industry, here an enhanced DBHE (EDBHE) is proposed by filling materials with much higher thermal conductivity into leakage formation or depleted gas and oil reservoir to enhance the thermal conductivity performance of rock. Solar thermal energy is stored into EDBHE during the non-heating season to replenish the loss of heat energy extracted during the heating season. The results show that average heat mining rate for 20 years operations is, respectively, 3686.5 and 26,384.4 kW for EDBHE filled by ordinary drilling mud and by composite materials with high thermal conductivity. The percentage reduction of heat mining rate for 20 years operations for EDBHE and the hybrid system of geothermal and solar energy are, respectively, 16.1 and 5.8%, indicating that the hybrid system can make the heat mining rate more stable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00236-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46401723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of low-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (LT-ATES) in Germany","authors":"Ruben Stemmle,&nbsp;Vanessa Hammer,&nbsp;Philipp Blum,&nbsp;Kathrin Menberg","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00234-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00234-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>More than 30% of Germany’s final energy consumption currently results from thermal energy for heating and cooling in the building sector. One possibility to achieve significant greenhouse gas emission savings in space heating and cooling is the application of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems. Hence, this study maps the spatial technical potential of shallow low-temperature ATES systems in Germany. Important criteria for efficient ATES operation considered in this assessment encompass suitable hydrogeological conditions, such as aquifer productivity and groundwater flow velocity, and balanced space heating and cooling demands. The latter is approximated by the ratio of heating and cooling degree days, which is incorporated as a time-dependent criterion to also evaluate the impact of climate change on the ATES potential. The hydrogeological and climatic criteria are combined within a spatial analysis revealing that, regarding the upcoming decades, about 54% of the investigated German area are very well or well suitable for ATES applications, largely concentrating on three regions: the North German Basin, the Upper Rhine Graben and the South German Molasse Basin. Considering time-dependent climatic conditions, the very well or well suitable areas will increase by 13% for the time period 2071–2100. This is mostly caused by a large relative area increase of the very well suitable regions due to an increasing cooling demand in the future. The sensitivity of the very well and well suitable regions to the criteria weightings is relatively low. Accounting for existing water protection zones shows a reduction of the country-wide share of very well or well suitable areas by around 11%. Nevertheless, the newly created potential map reveals a huge potential for shallow low-temperature ATES systems in Germany.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00234-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48543053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat storage efficiency, ground surface uplift and thermo-hydro-mechanical phenomena for high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage","authors":"Rubén Vidal,&nbsp;Sebastià Olivella,&nbsp;Maarten W. Saaltink,&nbsp;François Diaz-Maurin","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00233-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00233-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) systems can help in balancing energy demand and supply for better use of infrastructures and resources. The aim of these systems is to store high amounts of heat to be reused later. HT-ATES requires addressing problems such as variations of the properties of the aquifer, thermal losses and the uplift of the surface. Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modelling is a good tool to analyse the viability and cost effectiveness of HT-ATES systems and to understand the interaction of processes, such as heat flux, groundwater flow and ground deformation. The main problem of this modelling is its high computational cost. We propose a dimensional and numerical analysis of the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of a pilot HT-ATES. The results of this study have provided information about the dominant thermo-hydraulic fluxes, evolution of the energy efficiency of the system and the role of the hydraulic and thermal loads generated by the injection and extraction of hot water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00233-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geothermal resources assessment using temperature–depth relationships in the fault-controlled hydrothermal system of Aristino-Traianoupolis area, Northern Greece","authors":"P. Dalampakis,&nbsp;M. Papachristou,&nbsp;P. Neofotistos","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00232-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00232-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aristino-Traianoupolis area hosts one of the most significant water-dominated low-temperature geothermal fields in Greece. It is located on the southwestern uplifted margin of the Tertiary Evros Delta molassic basin, 10 km east of the town of Alexandroupolis (Thrace, NE Greece). The upper hydrothermal system of the Aristino Geothermal Field (AGF), one of the most promising in continental Greece, contains fluids with temperatures ranging from 51 to 99 °C, within a series of overlapping aquifers at very low depths (100–430 m). The main geothermal anomaly for temperatures higher than 90 °C covers an area of 6 km², to a maximum prospected depth of 500 m below ground surface. The scattered regional anomaly exceeds 50 km² and is characterized by excessively high and abruptly changing thermal gradient (42 to 450 °C/km) and heat flow (80–800 mW/m²), that are both typical of a fault-controlled hydrothermal system. Since 1993, the AGF has undergone non-systematic geothermal investigation, with emphasis on low-depth (100–500 m) drilling. This paper provides, for the first time, a synthetic and detailed evaluation of all available temperature data gathered in the last 25 years. The steady-state temperature logs reveal the dominant role of conduction for the upper geothermal system, accompanied, in most cases, by rapidly changing and abnormally high thermal gradients (100–450 °C/km), triggered, most probably, by a deeper system of higher temperature. This hypothesis is also supported by the applied chemical geothermometers, which suggest initial fluid temperatures at 140–150 °C, the hydrochemical characteristics of the fluids hosted in the deeper and most promising investigated reservoir (ignimbrite) of the upper system, and the extrapolated temperatures from the conductive temperature–depth profiles. The lower widespread medium enthalpy hydrothermal system should extend at depths 500–1000 m within volcanics and the expected Eocene limestones and basal clastic series of the Tertiary sequence that have filled the basin. Nevertheless, these assumptions need to be verified by appropriate investigations and new drillings at depths greater than 600–700 m, which would confirm the presence of a productive medium enthalpy reservoir.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00232-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42874837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of closed-loop U-Tube deep borehole heat exchanger in the Basal Cambrian Sandstone formation, Alberta, Canada","authors":"Qinwan Chong,&nbsp;Jingyi Wang,&nbsp;Ian D. Gates","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00229-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00229-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Closed-loop deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) systems for producing heat from geothermal sources have the advantage that the heat transfer fluid is contained within the loop. In this study, for the first time, a U-configuration closed-loop DBHE was examined to evaluate the energy produced per unit energy invested from a 2330-m-deep geothermal reservoir in central Alberta, Canada. A detailed earth model where the system is modeled from the surface to the geothermal source is used in a numerical simulation model to understand the efficiency of the process. The results reveal that the fluid flow reaches its highest temperature in the ascending section of the U-loop rather than the bottom section which implies that the insulation on the working fluid should start in the ascending section of the U-loop. The results demonstrate that the closed-loop system can achieve ratios of the energy produced and energy invested of 7 GJ/GJ. Although this efficiency is promising, the absolute amount of heat energy harvested is limited by the loop’s heat transfer area in the geothermal reservoir.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00229-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48885661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of hydrothermal alteration on the physiochemical characteristics of reservoir rocks: the case of the Los Humeros geothermal field (Mexico)","authors":"Leandra M. Weydt,&nbsp;Federico Lucci,&nbsp;Alicja Lacinska,&nbsp;Dirk Scheuvens,&nbsp;Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez,&nbsp;Guido Giordano,&nbsp;Christopher A. Rochelle,&nbsp;Stefanie Schmidt,&nbsp;Kristian Bär,&nbsp;Ingo Sass","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00231-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00231-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrothermal alteration is a common process in active geothermal systems and can significantly change the physiochemical properties of rocks. To improve reservoir assessment and modeling of high-temperature geothermal resources linked to active volcanic settings, a detailed understanding of the reservoir is needed. The Los Humeros Volcanic Complex, hosting the third largest exploited geothermal field in Mexico, represents a natural laboratory to investigate the impact of hydrothermal processes on the rock properties through andesitic reservoir cores and outcropping analogs. Complementary petrographic and chemical analyses were used to characterize the intensities and facies of hydrothermal alteration. The alteration varies from argillic and propylitic facies characterized by no significant changes of the REE budget indicating an inert behavior to silicic facies and skarn instead showing highly variable REE contents. Unaltered outcrop samples predominantly feature low matrix permeabilities (&lt; 10^–17 m²) as well as low to intermediate matrix porosities (&lt; 5–15%), thermal conductivities (0.89–1.49 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), thermal diffusivities (~ 0.83 10^–6 m² s⁻¹), and sonic wave velocities (<i>V</i>_P: ~ 2800–4100 m s⁻¹, <i>V</i>_S: ~ 1600–2400 m s⁻¹). Average magnetic susceptibility and specific heat capacity range between 2.4–7.0 10^–3 SI and 752–772 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively. In contrast, the hydrothermally altered reservoir samples show enhanced porosities (~ 7–23%), permeabilities (10^–17–10^–14 m²), and thermal properties (&gt; 1.67 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹; &gt; 0.91 10^–6 m² s⁻¹), but a significant loss of magnetic susceptibility (10^–3–10^–6 SI). In particular, this latter characteristic appears to be a suitable indicator during geophysical survey for the identification of hydrothermalized domains and possible pathways for fluids. The lack of clear trends between alteration facies, alteration intensity, and chemical indices in the studied samples is interpreted as the response to multiple and/or repeated hydrothermal events. Finally, the proposed integrated field-based approach shows the capability to unravel the complexity of geothermal reservoir rocks in active volcanic settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00231-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of wind and geothermal energy consumption on economic growth and financial development: evidence on selected countries","authors":"Mesut Doğan,&nbsp;Murat Tekbaş,&nbsp;Samet Gursoy","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00230-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00230-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of wind and geothermal energy consumption on economic growth and financial development over the period 2016:M1 and 2020:M11. The data obtained from Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, Turkey, and the United States of America, which consume wind and geothermal energy, were utilized in the research study. To this end, after determining the cointegration relationship between the variables, the long-term elasticity coefficients were estimated by employing the FMOLS (2000) and DOLS (2001) models. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that geothermal energy consumption had a positive impact on financial development. Nonetheless, wind energy had no impact on financial development, whereas it had a negative impact on economic growth. According to the Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test results, it was determined that a unilateral causality existed from wind and geothermal energy consumption to economic growth. These obtained findings, in favor of the conservative hypothesis, yielded important signals for investments to be made in the renewable energy sector as well as policymakers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00230-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47135782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}