Geothermal Energy最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of deep geothermal research and development in the Upper Rhine Graben","authors":"Matthis Frey,&nbsp;Kristian Bär,&nbsp;Ingrid Stober,&nbsp;John Reinecker,&nbsp;Jeroen van der Vaart,&nbsp;Ingo Sass","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00226-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00226-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep geothermal energy represents a key element of future renewable energy production due to its base load capability and the almost inexhaustible resource base. Especially with regard to heat supply, this technology offers a huge potential for carbon saving. One of the main targets of geothermal projects in Central Europe is the Upper Rhine Graben, which exhibits elevated subsurface temperatures and reservoirs with favorable hydraulic properties. Several decades of intensive research in the region resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the geological situation. This review study summarizes the findings relevant to deep geothermal projects and thus provides a useful working and decision-making basis for stakeholders. A total of nine geological units have been identified that are suitable for deep geothermal exploitation, comprising the crystalline basement, various sandstone formations and Mesozoic carbonates. An extensive lithostratigraphic, structural, geochemical, hydraulic and petrophysical characterization is given for each of these potential reservoirs. This paper furthermore provides an overview of the available data and geological as well as temperature models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00226-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45421986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chelating agents for diluted geothermal brine reinjection","authors":"Jacquelin E. Cobos,&nbsp;Erik G. Søgaard","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00227-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00227-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>“Blue energy” could be produced by exploiting the large salinity gradient between geothermal fluids and freshwater through a SaltPower system. This study is an attempt to select the most favorable chemicals to avoid injectivity issues when a diluted geothermal fluid resulting from the SaltPower system is returned to the reservoir. Three synthetic chelating agents (oxalic acid, EDTA, and EDDS) and one natural (humic acid) were evaluated through speciation simulations and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments. The speciation simulation results indicate that the degree of complexing is highly dependent on pH and chelating agent type. The ITC experiments show that the total heat for the formation of soluble metal–ligand complexes in the rock + geothermal brine system follows: EDTA &gt; EDDS &gt; oxalic acid &gt; humic acid. The simulations and calorimetry results suggest that EDTA could be used to avoid the precipitation of Fe(III) oxides and other minerals (e.g., calcite and dolomite) inside the porous media upon the reinjection of diluted geothermal brine coming from SaltPower electricity production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00227-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional and advanced exergy analysis of a single flash geothermal cycle","authors":"Xianzhi Tang,&nbsp;Gongxing Yan,&nbsp;Azher M. Abed,&nbsp;Aman Sharma,&nbsp;Elsayed Tag-Eldin,&nbsp;Yashar Aryanfar,&nbsp;Jorge Luis García Alcaraz","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00228-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00228-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the inefficiency of the studied energy conversion system is identified to reduce losses and improve performance. A conventional exergy analysis has limitations that it is not able to detect and this detection is done with advanced exergy analysis. The main role of advanced exergy analysis is to help engineers improve system design and performance by providing information. This provision of information is done by isolating the exergy destruction. Separation of exergy destruction into endogenous/exogenous and unavoidable/avoidable components presents a new development in the exergy analysis of energy conversion systems, which in this paper combines both concepts. This separation increases the accuracy of the exergy analysis and facilitates the improvement of a system. The method used in this paper for separation is the thermodynamic cycle method, which is based on determining the temperature levels for ideal and irreversible cycles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00228-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48845766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element simulation of permeable fault influence on a medium deep borehole thermal energy storage system","authors":"Lukas Seib,&nbsp;Bastian Welsch,&nbsp;Claire Bossennec,&nbsp;Matthis Frey,&nbsp;Ingo Sass","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00224-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00224-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solutions for seasonal energy storage systems are essential for the reliable use of fluctuating renewable energy sources. As part of the research project SKEWS, a medium deep borehole thermal energy storage system with a depth of 750 m is under construction at Campus Lichtwiese in Darmstadt, Germany, to demonstrate this innovative technology. Prior to the design of SKEWS, the geological context in the surroundings of the project location was investigated using archive drilling data and groundwater measurements. The geologic survey suggests the assumption that the uppermost part of the intended storage domain is crosscut by a normal fault, which displaces the Permian rocks east of Darmstadt against granodioritic rocks of the Odenwald crystalline complex. A 3D finite-element numerical model was implemented to estimate the effect of the potentially higher hydraulic conductivity of the fault zone on the planned storage system. For this purpose, a storage operation over a time span of 30 years was simulated for different parametrizations of the fault zone. The simulations reveal a limited but visible heat removal from the storage region with increasing groundwater flow in the fault zone. However, the section of the borehole thermal energy storage system affected by the fault is minor compared to the total depth of the system. This only constitutes a minor impairment of the storage efficiency of approximately 3%. In total, the amount of heat extracted varies between 320.2 GWh and 326.2 GWh for the different models. These findings can be helpful for the planning and assessment of future medium deep borehole thermal energy storage systems in fractured and faulted crystalline settings by providing data about the potential impact of faults or large fractures crosscutting the storage system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00224-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49564836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of real-time high temperature and loading rate on mode I fracture toughness of granite","authors":"Ke Yang,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Fan-zhen Meng,&nbsp;Da-wei Hu,&nbsp;Xian-feng Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00225-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00225-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An in-depth understanding of the effect of real-time high temperature and loading rate on the fracture toughness of rocks is highly important for understanding the fracture mechanism of Hot Dry Rock (HDR). Three-point bending tests on notched semi-circular bending (NSCB) samples at the real-time temperatures (25, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ℃) and different loading rates (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mm/min) were performed to characterize the temperature and rate dependence of the mode I fracture toughness. Besides, the characteristic of the fracture surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and crack deviation distance analysis. Results show that the temperature has a significant effect on the development of intergranular and transgranular cracks. The fracture toughness and peak load are similarly influenced by temperature (i.e., they both decrease with increasing temperature). At the loading rates of 0.1 mm/min and 0.01 mm/min, from 25 to 400 °C, the fracture toughness decreases slightly with decreasing loading rates. However, at a loading rate of 0.001 mm/min, the fracture toughness values above 200 °C are very similar, and the fracture toughness does not strictly follow the law of decreasing with decreasing loading rate. Especially at 500 °C, fracture toughness and loading rate are negatively correlated. Our study also indicates that the effect of loading rate on macroscopic crack propagation path at real-time high temperature is not obvious. This study could provide an important basis for evaluating the safety and stability of geothermal engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00225-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porosity estimation of a geothermal carbonate reservoir in the German Molasse Basin based on seismic amplitude inversion","authors":"Sonja Halina Wadas,&nbsp;Hartwig von Hartmann","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00223-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00223-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Molasse Basin is one of the most promising areas for deep geothermal exploitation in Germany and the target horizon is the aquifer in the Upper Jurassic carbonates. Carbonate deposits can be very heterogeneous even over a small area due to diagenetic processes and varying depositional environments. The preferential targets for geothermal exploitation in carbonate deposits are fault zones, reef facies and karstified areas, since they are expected to act as hydraulically permeable zones due to high porosity and high permeability. Therefore, identifying these structures and characterizing, e.g., their internal porosity distribution are of high importance. This can be accomplished using 3D reflection seismic data. Besides structural information, 3D seismic surveys provide important reservoir properties, such as acoustic impedance, from which a porosity model can be derived. In our study area in Munich we carried out a seismic amplitude inversion to get an acoustic impedance model of the Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir using a 3D seismic data set, a corresponding structural geological model, and logging data from six wells at the ‘Schäftlarnstraße’ geothermal site. The impedance model and porosity logs were than used to calculate a porosity model. The model shows a wide porosity range from 0 to 20% for the entire reservoir zone and the lithology along the wells reveals that dolomitic limestone has the highest porosities and calcareous dolomite has the lowest porosities. The study area is cut by a large W–E striking fault, the Munich Fault, and the footwall north of it shows higher porosities and more intense karstification than the hanging wall to the south. Considering the entire study area, an increase in porosity from east to west is observed. Furthermore, we identified a complex porosity distribution in reef buildups and pinnacle reefs. The reef cores have mostly low porosities of, e.g., &lt; 3% and the highest porosities of up to 7 to 14% are observed at the reef caps and on the reef slopes. The reef slopes show a characteristic interfingering of the reef facies with the surrounding bedded facies, which indicates a syn-sedimentary reef development with slightly varying build up growth rates. We also assessed the reservoir quality with regard to porosity distribution and determined areas with moderate to good quality for geothermal exploitation by defining porosity evaluation levels. The porosity evaluation maps show that the carbonate rocks of Berriasian to Malm <span>(zeta)</span>1 are preferential targets for exploitation, especially in the footwall of the Munich Fault and to the west of the hanging wall, because these areas are characterized by high porosities due to intense karstification of bedded and massive facies, although the latter is mainly restricted to reef caps and reef slopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00223-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical property characterization of the Waipapa greywacke: an important geothermal reservoir basement rock in New Zealand","authors":"Aurelio Melia,&nbsp;Daniel Roy Faulkner,&nbsp;David Daniel McNamara","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00218-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00218-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Greywacke basement rocks in New Zealand host conventional geothermal reservoirs and may supply important hotter and deeper geothermal energy resources in the future. This work combines petrological analyses and physical property measurements of Waipapa greywacke, a basement unit hosting New Zealand geothermal reservoirs, in order to understand better how structurally controlled flow networks develop and channel geothermal fluids within it. Results show intact Waipapa greywacke has high tensile and triaxial compressive strengths, and low intrinsic permeability (~ 10^–21 m²). Permeability of intact Waipapa greywacke does not increase significantly during triaxial loading to failure and is accompanied by minimal changes ultrasonic wave velocities. These data taken together suggest that microcrack development during brittle deformation is very limited. Upon failure, the permeability increases by two orders of magnitude and shows similar permeability to tests performed on synthetic, single, mode I fractures in intact Waipapa greywacke. Permeability persists in Waipapa greywacke fractures under confining pressures of at least 150 MPa. It is concluded that Waipapa greywacke rocks will not allow fluid flow through the matrix of the rock and that substantial geothermal fluid flow will only occur through macrofracture networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00218-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43233461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deeper the better? A thermogeological analysis of medium-deep borehole heat exchangers in low-enthalpy crystalline rocks","authors":"Kaiu Piipponen,&nbsp;Annu Martinkauppi,&nbsp;Kimmo Korhonen,&nbsp;Sami Vallin,&nbsp;Teppo Arola,&nbsp;Alan Bischoff,&nbsp;Nina Leppäharju","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00221-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00221-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The energy sector is undergoing a fundamental transformation, with a significant investment in low-carbon technologies to replace fossil-based systems. In densely populated urban areas, deep boreholes offer an alternative over shallow geothermal systems, which demand extensive surface areas to attain large-scale heat production. This paper presents numerical calculations of the thermal energy that can be extracted from the medium-deep borehole heat exchangers in the low-enthalpy geothermal setting at depths ranging from 600 to 3000 m. We applied the thermogeological parameters of three locations across Finland and tested two types of coaxial borehole heat exchangers to understand better the variables that affect heat production in low-permeability crystalline rocks. For each depth, location, and heat collector type, we used a range of fluid flow rates to examine the correlation between thermal energy production and resulting outlet temperature. Our results indicate a trade-off between thermal energy production and outlet fluid temperature depending on the fluid flow rate, and that the vacuum-insulated tubing outperforms a high-density polyethylene pipe in energy and temperature production. In addition, the results suggest that the local thermogeological factors impact heat production. Maximum energy production from a 600-m-deep well achieved 170 MWh/a, increasing to 330 MWh/a from a 1000-m-deep well, 980 MWh/a from a 2-km-deep well, and up to 1880 MWh/a from a 3-km-deep well. We demonstrate that understanding the interplay of the local geology, heat exchanger materials, and fluid circulation rates is necessary to maximize the potential of medium-deep geothermal boreholes as a reliable long-term baseload energy source.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00221-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolved organic compounds in geothermal fluids used for energy production: a review","authors":"Alessio Leins,&nbsp;Danaé Bregnard,&nbsp;Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand,&nbsp;Pilar Junier,&nbsp;Simona Regenspurg","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00220-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00220-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be found in a variety of deep subsurface environments such as sedimentary basins, oil fields and mines. However, the origin, composition and fate of DOM within deep geothermal reservoirs used for energy production is relatively unknown. With well depths reaching a few kilometers, these sites give access to investigate deep subsurface environments. Natural DOM as well as artificial DOM (e.g., from chemical scaling inhibitors) might serve as nutrients for microorganisms or affect chemical properties of the fluids by complexation. Its composition might reveal hydraulic connections to organic-rich strata, giving insights to the fluid flow within the reservoir. This review presents an overview of a total of 143 fluid samples from 22 geothermal sites (mainly central Europe), from the literature and compiling data to address the importance of DOM in geothermal fluids and how it might affect geothermal operation. The environmental conditions of the sites included varied greatly. Temperatures range from 34 to <span>(200,^{circ }hbox {C})</span>, depths from 850 to 5000 m, chloride content from 0.1 to <span>(160,{hbox {g},hbox {L}^{-1}})</span>, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations from 0.1 to <span>(30.1,{hbox {g},hbox {L}^{-1}})</span>. The DOC concentrations were found to be generally lower in the fluids with temperatures below <span>(80,{}^{circ }hbox {C})</span>. DOC concentrations were higher in fluids with temperatures above <span>(80,{}^{circ }hbox {C})</span> and showed a decrease towards <span>(200,{}^{circ }hbox {C})</span>. Microbial degradation might be the main driver for low DOC concentrations in the lower temperature range (below <span>(80,{}^{circ }hbox {C})</span>), while thermal degradation likely accounts for the decline in DOC in the temperature region between <span>(80,{}^{circ }hbox {C})</span> and <span>(200,{}^{circ }hbox {C})</span>. This review shows that DOM can be found in a variety of geothermal reservoirs and that it could be an additional essential tool to better understand fluid chemistry and reservoir conditions, and to optimize geothermal operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00220-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45496702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The crustal stress field of Germany: a refined prediction","authors":"Steffen Ahlers,&nbsp;Luisa Röckel,&nbsp;Tobias Hergert,&nbsp;Karsten Reiter,&nbsp;Oliver Heidbach,&nbsp;Andreas Henk,&nbsp;Birgit Müller,&nbsp;Sophia Morawietz,&nbsp;Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth,&nbsp;Denis Anikiev","doi":"10.1186/s40517-022-00222-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-022-00222-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Information about the absolute stress state in the upper crust plays a crucial role in the planning and execution of, e.g., directional drilling, stimulation and exploitation of geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Since many of these applications are related to sediments, we present a refined geomechanical–numerical model for Germany with focus on sedimentary basins, able to predict the complete 3D stress tensor. The lateral resolution of the model is 2.5 km, the vertical resolution about 250 m. Our model contains 22 units with focus on the sedimentary layers parameterized with individual rock properties. The model results show an overall good fit with magnitude data of the minimum (<i>S</i>_hmin) and maximum horizontal stress (<i>S</i>_Hmax) that are used for the model calibration. The mean of the absolute stress differences between these calibration data and the model results is 4.6 MPa for <i>S</i>_hmin and 6.4 MPa for <i>S</i>_Hmax. In addition, our predicted stress field shows good agreement to several supplementary in-situ data from the North German Basin, the Upper Rhine Graben and the Molasse Basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-022-00222-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42090810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}