City-scale heating and cooling with aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES)

IF 2.9 2区 地球科学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Ruben Stemmle, Haegyeong Lee, Philipp Blum, Kathrin Menberg
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Abstract

Sustainable and climate-friendly space heating and cooling is of great importance for the energy transition. Compared to conventional energy sources, Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) systems can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from space heating and cooling. Hence, the objective of this study is to quantify the technical potential of shallow low-temperature ATES systems in terms of reclaimable energy in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Based on 3D heat transport modeling, heating and cooling power densities are determined for different ATES configurations located in an unconsolidated gravel aquifer of varying hydrogeological subsurface characteristics. High groundwater flow velocities of up to 13 m d−1 cause high storage energy loss and thus limit power densities to a maximum of 3.2 W m−2. Nevertheless, comparison of these power densities with the existing thermal energy demands shows that ATES systems can achieve substantial heating and cooling supply rates. This is especially true for the cooling demand, for which a full supply by ATES is determined for 92% of all residential buildings in the study area. For ATES heating alone, potential greenhouse gas emission savings of up to about 70,000 tCO2eq a−1 are calculated, which equals about 40% of the current greenhouse gas emissions caused by space and water heating in the study areas’ residential building stock. The modeling approach proposed in this study can also be applied in other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions to obtain estimations of local ATES supply rates and support city-scale energy planning.

利用含水层热能储存(ATES)实现城市规模的供热和制冷
可持续和气候友好型空间供暖和制冷对能源转型具有重要意义。与传统能源相比,含水层热能存储(ATES)系统可显著减少空间供暖和制冷产生的温室气体排放。因此,本研究旨在量化德国弗莱堡市浅层低温 ATES 系统在可回收能源方面的技术潜力。根据三维热传输模型,确定了位于不同水文地质地下特征的未固结砾石含水层中的不同 ATES 配置的加热和冷却功率密度。高达 13 m d-1 的地下水流速会造成较高的储能损失,从而将功率密度限制在最大 3.2 W m-2。然而,将这些功率密度与现有的热能需求进行比较后发现,ATES 系统可以达到很高的供热和供冷率。特别是在制冷需求方面,研究区域内 92% 的住宅楼都可以通过 ATES 系统完全满足制冷需求。仅就 ATES 供热而言,经计算,潜在的温室气体减排量可高达约 70,000 tCO2eq a-1,相当于研究区域住宅建筑中目前由空间和水加热造成的温室气体排放量的约 40%。本研究提出的建模方法也可应用于具有类似水文地质条件的其他地区,以估算当地的 ATES 供应率,并为城市规模的能源规划提供支持。
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来源期刊
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
7.10%
发文量
25
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Geothermal Energy is a peer-reviewed fully open access journal published under the SpringerOpen brand. It focuses on fundamental and applied research needed to deploy technologies for developing and integrating geothermal energy as one key element in the future energy portfolio. Contributions include geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies; exploration of geothermal fields; reservoir characterization and modeling; development of productivity-enhancing methods; and approaches to achieve robust and economic plant operation. Geothermal Energy serves to examine the interaction of individual system components while taking the whole process into account, from the development of the reservoir to the economic provision of geothermal energy.
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