Zoological Research最新文献

{"title":"Bilateral asymmetry in craniofacial structures and kinematics of feeding attacks in the scale-eating cichlid fish, <i>Perissodus</i> <i>microlepis</i>.","authors":"Xiaomeng Tian, Sooyeon Lee, Jan Tuckermann, Axel Meyer","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.314","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cichlid fishes are a textbook example for adaptive radiations, since they diversified into several hundred highly specialized species in each of three great East African lakes. Even scale-eating, an extremely specialized feeding mode, evolved independently multiple times in these radiations and in Lake Tanganyika alone, six endemic scale-eating species occupy this extremely specialized ecological niche. <i>Perissodus</i> <i>microlepis</i> went a step further, by evolving bilaterally asymmetrical heads with an intra-specific polymorphism where left- and right-headed morphs predominantly scrape scales from the opposite sides of their prey. While the bilateral asymmetry of scale-eating cichlids has been known, exactly which craniofacial features explain the laterality of the heads remained unclear. Here we aimed, by utilizing micro-computed tomography (μCT), to resolve this issue of how bilateral symmetry in the skeletal structure is broken in scale-eating <i>Perissodus</i>. Our 3D geometric morphometrics analysis clearly separated and identified the two groups of either left- or right-headed fish. In addition, we observed consistent asymmetric volume changes in the premaxilla, maxilla, and mandible of the craniofacial structures, where left-headed fish have larger jaw elements on the right side, and vice versa. The bimodality implies that the effect sizes of environmental factors might be minor while genetics might be responsible to a larger extent for the asymmetry observed in their head morphology. High-speed video analyses of attacks by asymmetrical morphotypes revealed that they utilize their asymmetrical mouth protrusion, as well as lateralized behavior, to re-orientate the gape towards the preferred side of their prey fish to more efficiently scrape scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-translational cleavage generates truncated IgY forms in the snake <i>Elaphe taeniura</i>.","authors":"Ming Zhang, Long Hua, Tang-Yuan Xie, Tao Wang, Li-Juan Du, Di Yu, Han-Wei Cao, Jin-Cheng Zhong, Geng-Sheng Cao, Xiang Ding, Hai-Tang Han, Yao-Feng Zhao, Tian Huang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.295","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While variable regions of immunoglobulins are extensively diversified by V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation in vertebrates, the constant regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains also utilize certain mechanisms to produce diversity, including class switch recombination (CSR), subclass differentiation, and alternative expression of the same gene. Many species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians express a truncated isoform of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), termed IgY(ΔFc), which lacks the υCH3 and υCH4 domains. In Anseriformes, IgY(ΔFc) arises from alternative transcriptional termination sites within the same υ gene, whereas in some turtles, intact IgY and IgY(ΔFc) are encoded by distinct genes. Different from the previously reported IgY(ΔFc) variants, this study identified a truncated IgY in the snake <i>Elaphe taeniura</i>, characterized by the loss of only a portion of the CH4 domain. Western blotting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed that this truncated IgY is generated by post-translational cleavage at N338 within the IgY heavy chain constant (CH) region. Furthermore, both human and snake asparaginyl endopeptidase were shown to cleave snake IgY <i>in vitro</i>. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for the production of shortened IgY forms, demonstrating that the immunoglobulin CH region undergoes diversification through distinct strategies across vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic alterations in bacterial and fungal microbiome and inflammatory cytokines following SRV-8 infection in cynomolgus monkeys.","authors":"Yun-Peng Yang, Li-Bing Xu, Yong Lu, Jing Wang, Yan-Hong Nie, Qiang Sun","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.278","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While viral infections can disturb the host gut microbiome, the dynamic alterations in microbial composition following infection remain poorly characterized. This study identified SRV-8-infected monkeys and classified them into five groups based on infection progression. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed significant alterations in the relative and inferred absolute abundance of bacterial genera <i>UCG-002</i>, <i>Agathobacter</i>, <i>Coprococcus</i>, and <i>Holdemanella</i> during the early stage of SRV-8 infection, coinciding with provirus formation. These microbial shifts were accompanied by functional modifications in bacterial communities at the same stage. In contrast, ITS amplicon sequencing indicated no significant differences in fungal composition between healthy wild-type and SRV-8-infected monkeys. Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated close interactions between intestinal bacteria and fungi following SRV-8 infection. Additionally, SRV-8 seropositive groups exhibited significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory ( <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IFN-γ</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>IL-6</i>) and anti-inflammatory ( <i>IL-10</i>) cytokine genes, highlighting close associations between inflammatory cytokines and immune responses. Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive characterization of bacterial and fungal microbiota dynamics and inflammatory cytokine responses associated with SRV-8 infection, clarifying the pathobiological mechanisms underlying SRV-8 infection from the perspective of the gut microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"325-338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Window to the soul: Pupil dynamics unveil the consolidation of recent and remote memories.","authors":"Hongyu Chang, Wenbo Tang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.036","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"261-262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell sequencing analysis reveals the essential role of the m ⁶A reader YTHDF1 in retinal visual function by regulating TULP1 and DHX38 translation.","authors":"Xian-Jun Zhu, Xiao-Yan Jiang, Wen-Jing Liu, Yu-Di Fan, Guo Liu, Shun Yao, Kuan-Xiang Sun, Jun-Yao Chen, Bo Lei, Ye-Ming Yang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.399","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N6-methyladenosine (m ⁶A) modification of mRNA is a critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that modulates mRNA metabolism and neuronal function. The m ⁶A reader YTHDF1 has been shown to enhance the translational efficiency of m ⁶A-modified mRNAs in the brain and is essential for learning and memory. However, its role in the mature retina remains unclear. Herein, we report a novel role of <i>Ythdf1</i> in the maintenance of retinal function using a genetic knockout model. Loss of <i>Ythdf1</i> resulted in impaired scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses and progressive retinal degeneration. Detailed analyses of rod photoreceptors confirmed substantial degenerative changes in the absence of ciliary defects. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed comprehensive molecular alterations across all retinal cell types in <i>Ythdf1</i>-deficient retinas. Integrative analysis of methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) sequencing and RIP sequencing identified <i>Tulp1</i> and <i>Dhx38</i>, two inheritable retinal degeneration disease-associated gene homologs, as direct targets of YTHDF1 in the retina. Specifically, YTHDF1 recognized and bound m ⁶A-modified <i>Tulp1</i> and <i>Dhx38</i> mRNA at the coding sequence (CDS), enhancing their translational efficiency without altering mRNA levels. Collectively, these findings highlight the essential role of YTHDF1 in preserving visual function and reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of m ⁶A reader proteins in retinal degeneration, identifying potential therapeutic targets for severe retinopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"429-445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in the salivary gland microbiota of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> during tick-to-host transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.","authors":"Jingjing Chen, Chuanfei Yuan, Qiong Xu, Yu Sun, Rui Zheng, Chenghong Zeng, Yan Wu, Zhen Zou, Qianfeng Xia","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.332","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Understanding alterations in tick salivary gland microbiota during SFTSV transmission to vertebrate hosts is essential for developing novel control strategies. However, microbial shifts in tick salivary glands during pathogen transmission to hosts have not been reported for any tick-borne pathogens. In this study, SFTSV transmission from <i>H. longicornis</i> to vertebrate hosts was confirmed using a tick-rabbit transmission model. Salivary gland microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified significant changes in bacterial composition associated with viral transmission. The relative abundance of three genera ( <i>Serratia</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>) increased, whereas five genera <i>(Flavobacterium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Enhydrobacter</i>, <i>Massilia</i>, and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>) decreased. Correlation network analysis revealed a negative association between <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Flavobacterium</i>. These findings demonstrated that SFTSV transmission alters the salivary gland microbiota of <i>H. longicornis</i>, providing insights for future functional studies and the development of targeted strategies for SFTS control.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"459-468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"InteBOMB: Integrating generic object tracking and segmentation with pose estimation for animal behavior analysis.","authors":"Hao Zhai, Hai-Yang Yan, Jing-Yuan Zhou, Jing Liu, Qi-Wei Xie, Li-Jun Shen, Xi Chen, Hua Han","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.268","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology, enabling fully automated behavior analysis. Existing multi-animal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-by-detection frameworks for either bottom-up or top-down approaches, requiring retraining to accommodate diverse animal appearances. This study introduces InteBOMB, an integrated workflow that enhances top-down approaches by incorporating generic object tracking, eliminating the need for prior knowledge of target animals while maintaining broad generalizability. InteBOMB includes two key strategies for tracking and segmentation in laboratory environments and two techniques for pose estimation in natural settings. The \"background enhancement\" strategy optimizes foreground-background contrastive loss, generating more discriminative correlation maps. The \"online proofreading\" strategy stores human-in-the-loop long-term memory and dynamic short-term memory, enabling adaptive updates to object visual features. The \"automated labeling suggestion\" technique reuses the visual features saved during tracking to identify representative frames for training set labeling. Additionally, the \"joint behavior analysis\" technique integrates these features with multimodal data, expanding the latent space for behavior classification and clustering. To evaluate the framework, six datasets of mice and six datasets of non-human primates were compiled, covering laboratory and natural scenes. Benchmarking results demonstrated a 24% improvement in zero-shot generic tracking and a 21% enhancement in joint latent space performance across datasets, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in robust, generalizable behavior analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"355-369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of probiotics on <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> growth and immune function via the recruitment of gut Rhodobacteraceae symbionts.","authors":"Hao-Nan Sha, Yang-Ming Lu, Ping-Ping Zhan, Jiong Chen, Qiong-Fen Qiu, Jin-Bo Xiong","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.364","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gut-associated Rhodobacteraceae species, critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application. This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut. Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, and immune responses, thereby promoting shrimp growth. Additionally, probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition, enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance, and reduced community variability, leading to a more stable gut microbiome. Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of non-Rhodobacteraceae nodes, indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability. Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance. These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa, stabilizes gut microbial networks, and enhances host digestive and immune functions, ultimately improving shrimp growth performance. This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"388-400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockout of the <i>fcsk</i> gene in zebrafish causes neurodevelopmental defects.","authors":"Zhen-Xing Liu, Ting-Ting Zou, Hui-Hui Liu, Hai-Bo Jia, Xian-Qin Zhang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.229","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a cluster of monogenic disorders resulting from defects in glycosylation. <i>FCSK</i> encodes fucokinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of L-fucose to generate fucose-1-phosphate, an important step in fucosylation. Mutations in <i>FCSK</i> lead to CDG with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, primarily manifesting as developmental delay, hypotonia, and brain abnormalities. However, no <i>fcsk</i> mutant animal models have yet been established. This study constructed the first <i>fcsk</i> knockout ( <i>fcsk</i> ^-/-) zebrafish model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Notably, <i>fcsk</i> ^-/- zebrafish exhibited impaired growth, characterized by delayed epiboly and DNA accumulation during early embryonic development, as well as brain atrophy in adulthood. Larval-stage <i>fcsk</i> ^-/- zebrafish displayed locomotor deficits and increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. In adulthood, <i>fcsk</i> ^-/- zebrafish showed neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including increased anxiety, decreased aggression, reduced social preference, and impaired memory. Additionally, total protein fucosylation was markedly reduced in <i>fcsk</i> ^-/- zebrafish, accompanied by decreased expression of <i>pofut2</i>, which encodes protein O-fucosyltransferase 2, an enzyme involved in the fucosylation salvage pathway. Apoptotic activity was elevated in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) of <i>fcsk</i> ^-/- zebrafish. Supplementation with GDP-L-fucose or the human <i>FCSK</i> gene restored developmental defects and total protein fucosylation in <i>fcsk</i> ^-/- zebrafish. RNA sequencing revealed dysregulated gene expression associated with glycosylation, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. These findings suggest that <i>fcsk</i> ^-/- zebrafish exhibit neurodevelopmental disorders, providing the first <i>fcsk</i> gene knockout animal model and offering a platform for investigating the molecular underpinnings of the disease and facilitating drug screening efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"313-324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing reveals genetic architecture and selection signatures of Kazakh cattle.","authors":"Zhannur Niyazbekova, Yuan Xu, Min Qiu, Hao-Ping Wang, Ibragimov Primkul, Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei, Yessengali Ussenbekov, Kuanysh Kassen, Yi Liu, Cai-Yue Gao, Shynar Akhmetsadykova, Nuriddin Ruzikulov, Yu Jiang, Yu-Dong Cai","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.235","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions. However, the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely unexplored. This study utilized whole-genome sequencing data from Kazakh cattle to elucidate their genetic composition, uncovering three primary ancestral components: European, Eurasian, and East Asian taurine. The East Asian taurine lineage likely represents the earliest genetic contribution to Kazakh cattle but was largely replaced by subsequent waves of cattle migrations across Eurasia, leaving only a minor genetic signature in the current cattle population. In contrast, Eurasian taurine ancestry predominated in the Alatau and Kazakh local breeds, while the European taurine component was most prevalent in Kazakh white-headed cattle, consistent with their documented breeding history. Kazakh cattle exhibited higher genetic diversity and lower inbreeding coefficients compared to European commercial breeds, reflecting reduced exposure to intense artificial selection. A strong selection signal was identified on chromosome 6 at a locus encompassing <i>PDGFRA</i>, <i>KIT</i>, and <i>KDR</i>, which may be associated with the white-headed pigmentation characteristic of Kazakh white-headed cattle. Additional genes under selection were linked to lipid metabolism ( <i>IRS1</i>, <i>PRKG1</i>, and <i>ADCY8</i>), meat production traits ( <i>KCNMA1</i>, <i>PDGFRA</i>, <i>HIF1A</i>, and <i>ANTXR1</i>), and dairy production ( <i>ATP2B1</i>, <i>DHX15</i>, <i>FUK</i>, <i>NEGR1</i>, <i>CCDC91</i>, <i>COG4</i>, and <i>PTK2B</i>). This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of nuclear genome data from local Kazakh cattle. It highlights the impact of historical cattle migrations across Eurasia on their genetic landscape and identifies key genomic regions under selection. These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary history of cattle and offer valuable genetic resources for future breeding strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"301-311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}