Zoological Research最新文献

{"title":"Integrated single-cell transcriptomic map of pig kidney cells across various periods and anatomical sites.","authors":"Tian-Xiong Yao, Na Li, Lu-Sheng Huang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.335","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The kidney is essential for maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and metabolite homeostasis, and for regulating blood pressure. The pig serves as a valuable biomedical model for human renal physiology, offering insights across different physiological states. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was used to profile 138 469 cells from 12 pig kidney samples collected during the embryonic (E), fattening (F), and pregnancy (P) periods, identifying 29 cell types. Proximal tubule (PT) cells exhibited elevated expression of metabolism-related transcription factors (TFs), including <i>GPD1</i>, <i>ACAA1</i>, and <i>AGMAT</i>, with validation across multiple individuals, periods, and species. Fluorescence homologous double-labeling of paraffin sections further confirmed the expression of <i>ACAA1</i> and <i>AGMAT</i> in PT cells. Comparative analysis of pig and human kidneys revealed a high degree of similarity among corresponding cell types. Analysis of cell-type heterogeneity highlighted the diversity of thick ascending limb (TAL) cells, identifying a TAL subpopulation related to immune function. Additionally, the functional heterogeneity of kidney-resident macrophages (KRM) was explored across different anatomical sites. In the renal medulla, KRM were implicated in phagocytosis and leukocyte activation, whereas in the renal pelvis, they functioned as ligands, recruiting neutrophils with bactericidal activity to the renal pelvis to combat urinary tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"469-482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation confers a cerebellum-specific identity in non-human primates.","authors":"Xiao-Dong Liu, Chang-Cheng Ye, Yang Wang, Xiao-Song Zhang, Hui-Xian Wei, Lei-Jie Xie, Jia-Xiang Xie, Yan-Ru Xu, Li-Ying Zhong, Shi-Hua Li, Xiao-Jiang Li, Li Lin","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.325","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective regulation of gene expression across distinct brain regions is crucial for establishing and maintaining subdivision identities. DNA methylation, a key regulator of gene transcription, modulates transcriptional activity through the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). While DNA methylation is hypothesized to play an essential role in shaping brain identity by influencing gene expression patterns, its direct contribution, especially in primates, remains largely unexplored. This study examined DNA methylation landscapes and transcriptional profiles across four brain regions, including the cortex, cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus, using samples from 12 rhesus monkeys. The cerebellum exhibited distinct epigenetic and transcriptional signatures, with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) significantly enriched in metabolic pathways. Notably, genes harboring clustered differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) overlapped with those implicated in schizophrenia. Moreover, 5mC located 1 kb upstream of the ATG start codon was correlated with gene expression and exhibited region-specific associations with 5hmC. These findings provide insights into the coordinated regulation of cerebellum-specific 5mC and 5hmC <b>,</b> highlighting their potential roles in defining cerebellar identity and contributing to neuropsychiatric diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"414-428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistency, distinction, and potential metabolic crosstalk of nitrogen mobilization-related genes in silk production and silk gland biology.","authors":"Mei-Yan Yi, Xu Yang, Man Wang, Jing-Wei Chen, Jia-Hao Xiang, Li-Jun Xiang, Lan-Sa Qian, Dong-Bin Chen, Yong-Ping Huang, Xiao-Ling Tong, Zu-Lian Liu, Hui Xiang","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.391","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The domesticated silkworm ( <i>Bombyx mori</i>) has evolved a highly efficient nitrogen utilization system to support silk production. The silk glands play a pleiotropic role in sequestering nitrogen resources for silk synthesis, mitigating aminoacidemia by assimilating free amino acids, and reallocating nitrogen during metamorphosis through programmed cell death. However, the specific functions of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in this process remain unclear. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, mutations were generated in glutamine synthetase ( <i>GS</i>), glutamate synthetase ( <i>GOGAT</i>), asparagine synthetase ( <i>AS</i>), glutamate dehydrogenase ( <i>GDH</i>) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 ( <i>GOT1</i>). Disruption of <i>GS</i>, <i>GOGAT</i>, and <i>AS</i> consistently reduced silkworm cocoon and pupal weight and significantly down-regulated silk protein gene transcription, whereas <i>GOT1</i> mutation had no such effect. <i>GOGAT</i> mutants exhibited abnormally enlarged silk glands, whereas <i>GS</i> and <i>AS</i> mutants showed delayed programmed cell death in the silk glands. In contrast, <i>GOT1</i> mutants displayed normal silk gland morphology but were consistently smaller. Disruption of <i>GS</i>, <i>GOGAT</i>, and <i>AS</i> led to more extensive transcriptional changes, including altered expression of transcription factors in the silk glands, compared with <i>GOT1</i> mutants. Both <i>GS</i> and <i>GOGAT</i> mutants exhibited up-regulation of <i>AS</i> and <i>GDH</i>, while only <i>GOGAT</i> mutants displayed elevated AS enzymatic activity, suggesting that GOGAT may compete with AS for glutamine in the silk glands to support silk protein synthesis. <i>AS</i> mutants showed significantly elevated GOT activity and up-regulation of several metabolic pathways, indicating that AS may functionally interact with GOT in regulating both silk gland development and programmed cell death during metamorphosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"446-458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Generation of a tree shrew breast cancer model using lentivirus expressing PIK3CA-H1047R.","authors":"Li Zeng, Hong-Yan Zhang, Chuan-Yu Yang, Zhuo Cheng, Qiu-Yun Jiang, Yao Luo, Yi Li, Fu-Bing Li, Ce-Shi Chen","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.085","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic mechanisms of <i>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</i> through the parasite-gut microbiome-shrimp ( <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) physiology axis.","authors":"Yang-Ming Lu, Jia-Qi Lu, Qi Zhao, Jiong Chen, Jin-Bo Xiong","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.411","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progressive impact of <i>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</i> (EHP) infection on gut microbial function in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> remains poorly understood beyond static comparisons between healthy and infected individuals. To close this knowledge gap, metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiomes of normal, long, medium, and short-sized adult shrimp categorized by increasing severity of infection. EHP infection suppressed digestive activity while inducing immune responses compared with healthy shrimp. Increasing infection severity was associated with a gradual decline in gut α-diversity and an expansion of potential pathogens and virulence factors (VFs). In addition, dysbiosis in gut microbiota composition and function, as well as reduced network stability among differential species, intensified with infection severity. Accordingly, we identified 24 EHP-discriminatory species that contributed an overall 83.3% accuracy in diagnosing infection severity without false negatives. Functional pathway analysis revealed significant suppression of metabolic, degradative, and biosynthetic processes in EHP-infected shrimp compared with healthy controls. Among them, map00630 glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and map00280 valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation were consistently depleted in infected individuals, thereby impairing their digestive function and anti-inflammatory responses. Additionally, EHP infection diversified VFs directly affecting shrimp gut microbiome. These findings support a conceptual model linking EHP pathogenesis to the parasite-gut microbiome-shrimp physiology axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"401-413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transposable elements shape the landscape of heterozygous structural variation in a bird genome.","authors":"Bo-Ping Li, Na Kang, Zao-Xu Xu, Hao-Ran Luo, Shi-Yu Fan, Xiao-Han Ao, Xing Li, Ya-Peng Han, Xiao-Bin Ou, Luo-Hao Xu","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.237","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian genomes exhibit compact organization and remarkable chromosomal stability. However, the extent and mechanisms by which structural variation in avian genomes differ from those in other vertebrate lineages are poorly explored. This study generated a diploid genome assembly for the golden pheasant ( <i>Chrysolophus pictus</i>), a species distinguished by the vibrant plumage of males. Each haploid genome assembly included complete chromosomal models, incorporating all microchromosomes. Analysis revealed extensive tandem amplification of immune-related genes across the smallest microchromosomes (dot chromosomes), with an average copy number of 54. Structural variation between the haploid genomes was primarily shaped by large insertions and deletions (indels), with minimal contributions from inversions or duplications. Approximately 28% of these large indels were associated with recent insertions of transposable elements, despite their typically low activity in bird genomes. Evidence for significant effects of transposable elements on gene expression was minimal. Evolutionary strata on the sex chromosomes were identified, along with a drastic rearrangement of the W chromosome. These analyses of the high-quality diploid genome of the golden pheasant provide valuable insights into the evolutionary patterns of structural variation in avian genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription coactivator YAP1 promotes CCND1/CDK6 expression, stimulating cell proliferation in cloned cattle placentas.","authors":"Shan-Shan Wu, Xiao-Yu Zhao, Lei Yang, Chao Hai, Di Wu, Xue-Fei Liu, Li-Shuang Song, Chun-Ling Bai, Guang-Hua Su, Guang-Peng Li","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.211","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been successfully employed across various mammalian species, yet cloned animals consistently exhibit low pregnancy rates, primarily due to placental abnormalities such as hyperplasia and hypertrophy. This study investigated the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in aberrant placental development in SCNT-induced bovine pregnancies. SCNT-derived cattle exhibited placental hypertrophy, including enlarged abdominal circumference and altered placental cotyledon morphology. RNA sequencing analysis indicated significant dysregulation of Hippo signaling pathway genes in SCNT placentas. Co-expression of YAP1 and CCND1 was observed in cloned blastocysts, placental tissues, and bovine placental mesenchymal stem cells (bPMSCs). Manipulation of YAP1 expression demonstrated the capacity to regulate bPMSC proliferation. Experimental assays confirmed the direct binding of YAP1 to CCND1, which subsequently promoted CCND1 expression in bPMSCs. Furthermore, inhibition of CDK6, a downstream target of CCND1, attenuated SCNT bPMSC proliferation. This study identified YAP1 as a key regulatory component within the Hippo signaling pathway that drives placental hyperplasia in cloned cattle through up-regulation of CCND1-CDK6 expression, facilitating cell cycle progression. These findings offer potential avenues for enhancing cloning efficiency, with implications for evolutionary biology and the conservation of valuable germplasm resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"122-138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel mouse model of Alzheimer's disease exhibits pathology through synergistic interactions among amyloid-β, tau, and reactive astrogliosis.","authors":"Young-Eun Han, Sunhwa Lim, Seung Eun Lee, Min-Ho Nam, Soo-Jin Oh","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.257","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and distinct neuropathological features, including amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and reactive astrogliosis. Developing effective diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies for AD necessitates the establishment of animal models that accurately recapitulate the pathophysiological processes of the disease. Existing transgenic mouse models have significantly contributed to understanding AD pathology but often fail to replicate the complexity of human AD. Additionally, these models are limited in their ability to elucidate the interplay among amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and reactive astrogliosis due to the absence of spatially and temporally specific genetic manipulation. In this study, we introduce a novel AD mouse model (APP/PS1-TauP301L-Adeno mice) designed to rapidly induce pathological symptoms and enhance understanding of AD mechanisms. Neurofibrillary tangles and severe reactive astrogliosis were induced by injecting AAV _DJ-EF1a-hTauP301L-EGFP and Adeno-GFAP-GFP viruses into the hippocampi of 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Three months post-injection, these mice exhibited pronounced astrogliosis, substantial amyloid-β plaque accumulation, extensive neurofibrillary tangles, accelerated neuronal loss, elevated astrocytic GABA levels, and significant spatial memory deficits. Notably, these pathological features were less severe in AAV-TauP301L-expressing APP/PS1 mice without augmented reactive astrogliosis. These findings indicate an exacerbating role of severe reactive astrogliosis in amyloid-β plaque and neurofibrillary tangle-associated pathology. The APP/PS1-TauP301L-Adeno mouse model provides a valuable tool for advancing therapeutic research aimed at mitigating the progression of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reciprocal translocation experiments reveal gut microbiome plasticity and host specificity in a Qinghai-Xizang Plateau lizard.","authors":"Wei Yu, Jing Yang, Li-Wei Teng, Xiao-Long Zhao, Ze-Yu Zhu, Shuang Cui, Wei-Guo Du, Zhen-Sheng Liu, Zhi-Gao Zeng","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.284","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal adaptation to environmental challenges is a complex process involving intricate interactions between the host genotype and gut microbiome composition. The gut microbiome, highly responsive to external environmental factors, plays a crucial role in host adaptability and may facilitate local adaptation within species. Concurrently, the genetic background of host populations influences gut microbiome composition, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between host and microbiome. Despite this, our understanding of gut microbiome plasticity and its role in host adaptability remains limited, particularly in reptiles. To clarify this issue, we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment with gravid females of the Qinghai toad-headed lizards ( <i>Phrynocephalus vlangalii</i>) between high-altitude (2 600 m a.s.l.) and superhigh-altitude (3 600 m a.s.l.) environments on Dangjin Mountain of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. One year later, we assessed the phenotypes and gut microbiomes of their offspring. Results revealed significant plasticity in gut microbiome diversity and structure in response to contrasting elevations. High-altitude conditions increased diversity, and maternal effects appeared to enable high-altitude lizards to maintain elevated diversity when exposed to superhigh-altitude environments. Additionally, superhigh-altitude lizards displayed distinct gut microbiome structures with notable host specificity, potentially linked to their lower growth rates. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome in facilitating reptilian adaptation to rapid environmental changes across altitudinal gradients. Furthermore, this study provides critical insights into microbial mechanisms underpinning local adaptation and adaptative plasticity, offering a foundation for future research on host-microbiome interactions in evolutionary and ecological contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"sRNA113 regulates <i>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</i> motility to affect immune response against infection in pearl gentian grouper.","authors":"Li He, Mei-Qin Mao, Ling-Min Zhao, Qi Li, Hui Ge, Jiao-Nan Zhang, Jiao-Lin Zhang, Qing-Pi Yan","doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.333","DOIUrl":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of molecules capable of perceiving environmental changes and exerting post-transcriptional regulation over target gene expression, thereby influencing bacterial virulence and host immune responses. <i>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</i> is a pathogenic bacterium that poses a significant threat to aquatic animal health. However, the regulatory mechanisms of sRNAs in <i>P</i>. <i>plecoglossicida</i> remain unclear. This study focused on sRNA113, previously identified as a potential regulator of the <i>fliP</i> gene, a key component of the lateral flagellar type III secretion system. To investigate the effects of sRNA113 on <i>P</i>. <i>plecoglossicida</i> virulence, as well as its role in regulating pathogenic processes and host immune responses, mutant strains lacking this sRNA were generated and analyzed. Deletion of sRNA113 resulted in the up-regulation of lateral flagellar type III secretion system-related genes in <i>P</i>. <i>plecoglossicida</i>, which enhanced bacterial swarming motility, biofilm formation, and chemotaxis ability <i>in vitro</i>. <i>In</i> <i>vivo</i> infection experiments with pearl gentian grouper revealed that sRNA113 deletion enhanced the pathogenicity of <i>P</i>. <i>plecoglossicida</i>. This heightened virulence was attributed to the up-regulation of genes associated with the lateral flagellar type III secretion system, resulting in higher bacterial loads within host tissues. This amplification of pathogenic activity intensified tissue damage, disrupted immune responses, and impaired the ability of the host to clear infection, ultimately leading to mortality. These findings underscore the critical role of sRNA113 in regulating the virulence of <i>P</i>. <i>plecoglossicida</i> and its interaction with host immune defenses. This study provides a foundation for further exploration of sRNA-mediated mechanisms in bacterial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions, contributing to a deeper understanding of virulence regulation and immune evasion in aquatic pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":48636,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"152-164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}