International Soil and Water Conservation Research最新文献

{"title":"How does shrub stem coverage affect the hydraulic properties of concentrated flow and sediment yield during gully bed erosion?","authors":"Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Donghong Xiong ,&nbsp;Baojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Yuan ,&nbsp;Binyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenduo Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangtao Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation plays a critical role in influencing runoff processes and soil loss during gully bed erosion. However, it is still unclear how the stem coverage affects gully bed erosion processes by altering the runoff hydraulics and soil sedimentation. A series of in situ scouring experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of shrub stem coverage on the concentrated flow pathway characteristics, hydrodynamic parameters, and sediment concentration during gully bed erosion processes. The Flow pathway characteristics expressed by the Number of flow pathways (FN), total Flow path Width (FW), Tortuosity Ratio (TR), and Fractal Dimension (FD) were quantified by analyzing photographs of the gully bed surface taken during experimental periods. Structural equation model was used to analyze the comprehensive effect of stem coverage on hydraulic erosion of gully beds. The results showed that FN, FW, and TR increased linearly, and FD increased exponentially as stem coverage increased. Compared with the bare gully bed, the flow velocity and shear stress of gully beds with shrub stem covers decreased by 17.47%–25.19% and 4.75%–11.42%, respectively, while the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor increased by 35.94%–68.71%. The sediment concentration of stem-covered gully beds decreased by 11.82%–26.93%. The increasing stem coverage promoted concentrated flow branching and significantly increased FW, which in turn altered hydraulic parameters, particularly reducing flow velocity, and ultimately reducing sediment concentrations indirectly. These results contribute to partially explaining the differences in flow hydraulics and soil loss of vegetated gully beds in previous studies that failed to account for changes in flow pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 334-347"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall intensity profile induced changes in surface‒subsurface flow and soil loss as influenced by surface cover type: A long-term in situ field study","authors":"Jian Duan ,&nbsp;Haijin Zheng ,&nbsp;Lingyun Wang ,&nbsp;Yaojun Liu ,&nbsp;Minghao Mo ,&nbsp;Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to global warming, changes in the rainfall intensity profile (i.e., the temporal intensity distribution within a rainfall event) increase the difficulty of accurate erosion prediction and control. Surface cover has been widely used as a critical measure to control soil erosion worldwide. However, the effects of the rainfall intensity profile (RIP) on soil erosion under different surface covers are not fully understood. In this study, long-term in situ field observations of the rain hyetograph, surface runoff coefficient (SRC), subsurface flow rate (SFR), and soil loss rate (SLR) from bare land, litter cover and grass cover were conducted over 11 consecutive years in the red soil hilly region of southern China. According to the occurrence time of the most intense rainfall, 226 erosive events were classified into four RIP patterns: advanced, intermediate, delayed, and uniform patterns. The results indicated that the advanced pattern with short duration–high intensity and the delayed pattern with long duration–high depth contributed to 73.45% of the total erosive events. For bare land, advanced events were the dominant pattern producing surface runoff and soil erosion, accounting for 57.24% and 75.17%, respectively, of the total surface runoff and erosion. The average SRC and SLR from the advanced pattern were 1.29–2.42 times and 2.52–39.78 times greater than those from the other patterns, respectively. The delayed pattern contributed to subsurface flow, and the average SFR was 1.27–2.17 times greater than that of the other patterns. Furthermore, surface cover significantly reduced surface runoff and erosion and increased subsurface flow, especially under the advanced pattern. Both surface cover measures were equally effective in controlling surface runoff and erosion, but the increase in subsurface flow caused by litter cover was 1.38–2.67 times greater than that caused by grass cover. Advanced pattern events increase the erosion risk on red soil slopes, and surface cover effectively weakens the effect of variation in the RIP pattern on soil erosion. Moreover, surface cover significantly alters the surface‒subsurface flow distribution pattern for all the RIP patterns. This study highlights the crucial importance of rain intensity profiles on water erosion and provides a basis for optimizing measures to effectively control soil and water loss under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the declining trend in soil erodibility across China: A comparison of conventional and digital K-factor maps","authors":"Zhiyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Longxi Cao ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erodibility is a measure of soil susceptibility to water erosion and serves as an essential element, also known as the K-factor, in empirical soil erosion prediction models, such as USLE, RUSLE, and CSLE. The currently available map of the K-factor for China was generated based on the conventional soil polygon linkage method and soil species survey conducted in the 1980s. For update, an investigation of 4262 samples from the soil series survey in the 2010s and a random forest regression model were used to generate a new K-factor map for China. A digital K-factor map at the 250 m spatial resolution was generated by calculating the K values from soil survey points as training data and using environmental information as predictive variables. The comparison results between the digital and conventional K-factor maps show that there has been a decreasing trend in the K-factor over recent decades. The K value decrease was mainly attributed to the update of soil survey data (the mean K value changed from 0.03193 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the soil species database to 0.02988 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the soil series) and was less influenced by the replacement of the mapping methods (the mean K value changed from 0.03197 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the soil polygon linkage method to 0.03193 t ha·h/(MJ·mm·ha) in the random forest). This study quantified the sources of change between previous and updated national K-factor maps and demonstrated that there is a decreasing trend in K values, which is consistent with the increasing soil organic matter and improved ecological environment in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize crop residue cover mapping using Sentinel-2 MSI data and random forest algorithms","authors":"Jia Du ,&nbsp;Pierre-Andre Jacinthe ,&nbsp;Kaishan Song ,&nbsp;Longlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Boyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Weijian Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi Zheng ,&nbsp;Weilin Yu ,&nbsp;Yiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Dapeng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The return of crop residues to cultivated fields has numerous agronomic and soil quality benefits and, therefore, the areal extent of crop residue cover (CRC) could provide a rapid measure of the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. Recognizing the limitations of traditional CRC methods, a new method is proposed for estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of maize residue cover (MRC) in the Jilin Province, NE China. The method used random forest (RF) algorithms, 13 tillage indices and 9 textural feature indicators derived from Sentinel-2 data. The tillage indices with the best predictive performance were STI and NDTI (R² of 0.85 and 0.84, respectively). Among the texture features, the best-fitting was Band8AMean-5∗5 (R² of 0.56 and 0.54 for the line-transect and photographic methods, respectively). Based on MSE and InNodePurity, the optimal combination of RF algorithm for the line-transect method was STI, NDTI, NDI7, NDRI5, SRNDI, NDRI6, NDRI7 and Band3Mean-3∗3. Likewise, the optimal combination of RF algorithm for the photographic method was STI, NDTI, NDI7, SRNDI, NDRI6, NDRI5, NDRI9 and Band3Mean-3∗3. Regional distribution of MRC in the Jilin Province, estimated using the RF prediction model, was higher in the central and southeast sections than in the northwest. That distribution was in line with the spatial heterogeneity of maize yield in the region. These findings showed that the RF algorithm can be used to map regional MRC and, therefore, represents a useful tool for monitoring regional-scale adoption of conservation agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 189-202"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind and rainfall erosion energy in large sediment generating and coarse sediment class areas of the middle Yellow river","authors":"Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Jianzhi Niu ,&nbsp;Dengxing Fan ,&nbsp;Di Wang ,&nbsp;Yubo Miao ,&nbsp;Miao Wang ,&nbsp;Chunguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Linus Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiongwen Chen ,&nbsp;Ronny Berndtsson","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Joint action by strong winds and high-intensive rainfall leads to serious soil erosion problems in large sediment generating and coarse sediment class areas of the middle Yellow River. Investigating the variation of trend and alternating wind and rainfall energy is an important prerequisite for controlling regional sediment transport problems. We calculated the wind and rainfall erosion energies by using the aerodynamic energy and rainfall kinetic energy formulas. The Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Theil-Sen approach were used to analyze the spatial-temporal variation and alternation of joint erosion energy during the last 40 years (1979–2018). The results show the following. 1) Wind erosion energy increased and rainfall erosion energy decreased. However, the former is larger than the latter. 2) The dominant erosive energy varies for different seasons. Wind erosive energy dominates in spring, and rainfall erosive energy dominates in summer. 3) There is a regular wind-rainfall-wind alternation of erosive energy. The wind-rainfall energies were alternately distributed in May–July and the rainfall-wind energies were alternately distributed in September–December. Furthermore, the dominant time of rainfall erosive energy decreased when wind erosive energy increased. The results can help decision makers to develop soil erosion control strategies to reduce soil erosion when it occurs in wind and water staggered areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru","authors":"Wilmer Moncada ,&nbsp;Alex Pereda ,&nbsp;Manuel Masías ,&nbsp;Manuel Lagos ,&nbsp;Edwin Portal-Quicaña ,&nbsp;Cristhian Aldana ,&nbsp;Yesenia Saavedra ,&nbsp;Edwin Saavedra","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High Andean ecosystems within microbasins serve as crucial areas for water recharge, containing both surface and subsurface moisture. However, these ecosystems are currently under threat due to overgrazing, degradation, and the impacts of climate change. The objective is to validate the subsoil moisture of bofedal estimated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data in comparison to <em>in-situ</em> measurements obtained with a soil moisture meter (SMM) in the Apacheta microbasin of the Ayacucho region. The validation method involves comparing soil moisture values obtained with the SMM, with the estimated dielectric permittivity (DP) values from GPR surveys along four transects (T) in a bofedal. Reflected wave amplitude data are converted to DP values to identify water pockets (<span><math><mrow><mn>70</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>81</mn></mrow></math></span>) and saturated soil moisture (<span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></math></span>). An analysis of the determination coefficient R² and the Kappa index <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> was conducted between both groups of bofedal subsoil moisture data along the four surveyed transects at depths ranging from 0 to 24 cm that contain water and saturated moisture. T1 contains a volume of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>16</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> (47.85 %), T2 has <span><math><mrow><mn>0.98</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> (46.6 %), T3 lacks water (40.8 %), and T4 holds <span><math><mrow><mn>0.63</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> (31.45 %). The correlation of DP data with SMM for T1 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.801</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, T2 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.949</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, T3 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.837</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> y T4 (<span><math><mrow><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.842</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> implies that the SMM measurements significantly explain the estimated DP. Moreover, the kappa test demonstrated good agreement reliability between both observations made with GPR and SMM, with <span><math><mrow><mi>κ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.763</mn><mo>;</mo><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>C</mi><mi>I</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.471</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>1.055</mn></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, indicating that the GPR method for measuring subsoil moisture is acceptable with an 87.5% confidence level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOTSED: A new integrated model for assessing potential hotspots of sediment sources and related sediment dynamics at watershed scale","authors":"Manuel La Licata ,&nbsp;Alberto Bosino ,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Mattia De Amicis ,&nbsp;Andrea Mandarino ,&nbsp;Andrea Terret ,&nbsp;Michael Maerker","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we introduce HOTSED, a novel, innovative GIS-based model designed for assessing potential hotspots of sediment dynamics at watershed scale. HOTSED integrates geomorphic spatial information with both structural and functional properties of connectivity. HOTSED provides a single and intuitive output that depicts the location of sediment source hotspots. Moreover, it enables the identification of “relative hazard” classes for sediment production and related effects. The general methodological framework is based on the initial elaboration of an Inventory Map (IM) of sediment-related landforms and processes, along with the implementation of a corresponding database. Subsequently, we used data stored in the IM to estimate the geomorphic Potential of Sediment Sources (PSS) through a relative scoring system. Furthermore, we computed Structural Sediment Connectivity (STC) and the Potential for Sediment Transport (PST) by combining terrain and hydrological parameters, vegetation roughness, and rainfall erosivity. Afterwards, PSS, STC, and PST components are integrated through a raster-based calculation method yielding the HOTSED model. We tested the HOTSED procedure in the upper Val d’Arda-Mignano watershed, which is a representative geomorphologically highly active Mediterranean area of the Northern Apennines (Italy). Through photointerpretation, terrain analysis, and fieldwork, we mapped sediment-related geomorphic features for a total of 4640 ha including: badlands and gullies (0.26%), rill-interrill erosion (15.03%), fluvial erosion (0.03%), landslides (70.06%), litho-structural erosional systems (0.87%), slope deposits (12.56%), and alluvial deposits (1.19%). HOTSED revealed hotspots with a very high hazard potential located near main channels or upstream of the reservoir. These areas are often linked with active landslides highly connected to the drainage system and frequently associated with other processes like bank erosion or surficial soil erosion. The model also highlighted linear hotspots corresponding to drainages flowing alongside or intersecting complex geomorphic systems such as landslides. Furthermore, HOTSED identified areas where sediments are stored in depositional landforms, exhibiting a low hazard potential, considering both low geomorphic potential and sediment connectivity. Our conceptual model is generally applicable but proves to be particularly effective in areas characterized by complex and polygenetic geomorphic systems, such as the Northern Apennines. HOTSED offers a valuable tool for watershed authorities to support sustainable watershed and reservoir management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 80-101"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient transport by overland sheet flow on sites containing swine slurry","authors":"John E. Gilley","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrients in agricultural runoff may cause offsite environmental impacts. The objective of this investigation was to examine nutrient transport by overland sheet flow on sites containing swine slurry. Data examined in this study was collected during field rainfall simulation tests conducted on cropland sites in southeast Nebraska, USA. Inflow was added to the top of experimental plots in four successive increments to simulate runoff rates occurring at greater downslope distances. Runoff rates on the experimental sites ranged from 2.3 to 21.2 L min⁻¹ and maximum equivalent downslope distances varied from 5 to 108 m. Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) transport rates were found to increase in a linear fashion with runoff rate. Hypothesis testing using the student’s t-test affirmed the prediction that a linear equation, calibrated for site specific conditions, can be used to relate nutrient transport rates to runoff rates. P and N transport rates were thought to be influenced by (a) the quantity of nutrients released by swine slurry at a particular runoff rate and (b) the amount of overland sheet flow available to transport the released nutrients. If nutrient transport rates can be linked to runoff rates, it may be possible to extrapolate experimental results obtained from small plots to greater downslope distances. Existing process-based models used to route overland sheet flow along hillslopes on upland areas could also be modified to include nutrient constituents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of initial soil moisture on rill erodibility and critical shear stress factors in the WEPP model across diverse soil types","authors":"Fikret Ari ,&nbsp;Selen Deviren Saygin ,&nbsp;Cagla Temiz ,&nbsp;Sefika Arslan ,&nbsp;Mehmet Altay Unal ,&nbsp;Gunay Erpul ,&nbsp;Dennis C. Flanagan","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rill erosion, a significant issue in agricultural regions, is intricately linked to initial soil moisture conditions, affecting the development of concentrated flow erosion processes. However, understanding its dynamics amidst varying soil moisture conditions remain challenging. This study aimed to assess the impact of different soil moisture levels on rill erodibility parameters in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and to evaluate soil cohesion across a spectrum of soils. Through laboratory experiments employing a small V-shaped rill channel, we investigated rill erodibility (<em>K</em>_<em>r</em>) and critical hydraulic shear stress (<em>τ</em>_<em>cr</em>), under three soil moisture scenarios: initially dry, saturated, and drainage, with incremental surface inflow rates. Additionally, we examined the efficiency of soil cohesion obtained from an Automated Soil Cohesion Measurement Apparatus in predicting K_r and τ_cr across various soil textures. Our analysis encompassed twenty soils representing nine texture classes, revealing significant correlations between basic soil properties, cohesion parameters, and WEPP model rill erodibility. Notably, initial soil moisture conditions exerted substantial influence on erodibility potentials. Soils with higher silt contents demonstrated better fits in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency, particularly under initially dry and saturated conditions. However, predictions for initially drained soils yielded poor fits, emphasizing the intricate interplay between soil properties and hydrological conditions. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the critical role of topsoil water dynamics in rill erodibility. We propose that soil cohesion serves as a valuable predictor, complementing friction forces within the soil and enhancing simulations of rill erodibility under shallow flow conditions in rills, particularly in next-generation process-based modeling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrative analysis of hydroclimatic elements in the three-river source region for historical and future periods: Shift toward an intensified hydrological cycle","authors":"Rashid Mahmood ,&nbsp;Shaofeng Jia ,&nbsp;Aifeng Lv ,&nbsp;Mukand S. Babel","doi":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iswcr.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Three-River Source Region (TRSR), China's water tower and an important ecological barrier in China, provides a considerable amount of water to the downstream regions, home to more than 500 million people. The present study focused on the assessment of hydrological components (i.e., precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, surface flow, baseflow, streamflow, soil moisture, snowmelt water, and terrestrial water storage), their transformation and trends along with meteorological elements (i.e., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine hours) in the historical and future periods. For this, the hydrological model, HEC-HMS, was applied to simulate hydrological components and Mann-Kendal to explore the trends for 1981–2015. First time, the statistical downscaling model, SDSM, was used to generate climatic data under the shared socio-economic scenario-5 (SSP585) in the region, which was applied to simulate the hydrological cycle. The assessment results showed that precipitation transformed into evapotranspiration and streamflow by 70 % and 30 %, respectively. In the region, streamflow was generated by 78 %, 22 %, and 5.6 % by baseflow, surface flow, and snowmelt. According to trend results, all climatic variables showed statistically significant trends but insignificant in all hydrological components for the historical period, except evapotranspiration. However, all hydroclimatic components were projected to increase in the future, except windspeed. For example, temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow, and direct flow (surface flow) will increase by 1.4 (3.3) °C, 12 (36) %, 8.5 (19) %, 25 (95) %, and 77 (473) % in 2021–2060 (2061–2100) relative to 1981–2020, which shows, the region will be hotter and wetter, with high flooding potential in the future. These results will be helpful for precise water resources planning and management in this extremely sensitive region to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48622,"journal":{"name":"International Soil and Water Conservation Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 43-66"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}