中国黄河流域一个子流域的土壤流失和沉积速率

IF 7.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Simon Scheper , Chunyue Liu , Zhongbao Xin , Lishan Ran , Christine Alewell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

水土流失是密集农业区土壤健康和粮食生产的主要威胁之一。为了评估水土流失对沉积物总产量的影响,我们将水土流失模型/沉积物输送模型(WaTEM/SEDEM)应用于中国黄土高原黄河流域的一个子流域--罗玉沟流域。WaTEM/SEDEM 考虑了沟谷和沟谷间的侵蚀和沉积率,以计算离开集水区的泥沙产出率。该地区在 20 世纪 90 年代修建了梯田,以减少土壤流失,但目前还没有关于这一缓解措施效果的土壤侵蚀模型。因此,我们使用 WaTEM/SEDEM 进行了 1000 次蒙特卡罗模拟,2020 年山坡和山间侵蚀造成的模型平均土壤流失量为 12.2 ± 0.5 吨/公顷-年-1,出口处的沉积物产量为 53,207.8 ± 11,244.1 吨/年-1。结果表明,梯田化降低了土壤总流失率(从 1986 年的 51.8 吨/公顷-年-1 降至 2020 年的 12.2 ± 0.5 吨/公顷-年-1),而土地植被的变化,主要是森林和草地的转换,部分抵消了土壤流失率的降低(综合效果:降低 76%)。根据模型计算的溪流和溪流间侵蚀产生的沉积物量占流量测量记录的长期沉积物总量的 22.8%。模型未考虑的其他过程,如山体滑坡、沟谷侵蚀、河岸侵蚀和建筑工程产生的沉积物,似乎是影响总体沉积物产生量的主要因素。仅考虑基线泥沙产生量的年份,测量的泥沙量与模型的泥沙量相比毫不逊色,这表明后者主要是在极端事件期间产生的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Soil loss and sedimentation rates in a subcatchment of the Yellow river Basin in China

Soil loss by water erosion is one of the main threats to soil health and food production in intensively used agricultural areas. To assess its significance to overall sediment production, we applied the Water and Tillage Erosion Model/Sediment Delivery model (WaTEM/SEDEM) to the Luoyugou catchment, a subcatchment of the Yellow River Basin within the Chinese Loess Plateau. WaTEM/SEDEM considers rill and interrill erosion and deposition rates to calculate the sediment yield rates leaving the catchment. Terraces were established in the 1990s to reduce soil loss in this area, but no soil erosion modeling has been published regarding the effect of this mitigation measure. Therefore, we applied 1000 Monte Carlo simulations of the WaTEM/SEDEM, and the modeled average soil loss by rill and interrill erosion for 2020 was 12.2 ± 0.5 t ha−1 yr−1, with a sediment yield at the outlet of 53,207.8 ± 11,244.1 t yr−1. The results indicated that the terracing reduced gross soil loss rates (from 51.8 t ha−1 yr−1 in 1986 to 12.2 ± 0.5 t ha−1 yr−1 in 2020), while land cover changes, mainly the conversion of forests and grassland, partly counteracted the mitigation (combined effect: 76% reduction). Modeled sediment loads by rill and interrill erosion accounted for 22.8% of the total long-term sediment production recorded by flow discharge measurements. Other processes not considered by the model, such as landslides, gully erosion, riverbank erosion, and sediment production by construction, seem to predominantly influence the overall sediment yield. Considering years with baseline sediment production only, the measured and modeled sediment yields compared favorably, indicating that the latter processes primarily contribute during extreme events.

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来源期刊
International Soil and Water Conservation Research
International Soil and Water Conservation Research Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agronomy and Crop Science
CiteScore
12.00
自引率
3.10%
发文量
171
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: The International Soil and Water Conservation Research (ISWCR), the official journal of World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC) http://www.waswac.org, is a multidisciplinary journal of soil and water conservation research, practice, policy, and perspectives. It aims to disseminate new knowledge and promote the practice of soil and water conservation. The scope of International Soil and Water Conservation Research includes research, strategies, and technologies for prediction, prevention, and protection of soil and water resources. It deals with identification, characterization, and modeling; dynamic monitoring and evaluation; assessment and management of conservation practice and creation and implementation of quality standards. Examples of appropriate topical areas include (but are not limited to): • Conservation models, tools, and technologies • Conservation agricultural • Soil health resources, indicators, assessment, and management • Land degradation • Sustainable development • Soil erosion and its control • Soil erosion processes • Water resources assessment and management • Watershed management • Soil erosion models • Literature review on topics related soil and water conservation research
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