IET Electrical Systems in Transportation最新文献_第7页

Research on time–frequency characteristics of contact force based on wavelet transform 基于小波变换的接触力时频特性研究

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12053

Fang He, Jian Zhang

{"title":"Research on time–frequency characteristics of contact force based on wavelet transform","authors":"Fang He, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1049/els2.12053","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12053","url":null,"abstract":"When a train runs at high speed, affected by the structural characteristics of the catenary, the contact force changes periodically with span and dropper spacing. However, as the running speed of the train increases, the periodic signal of the contact force changes owing to the fluctuation of the catenary and the vibration of the pantograph, which directly affects the stable contact between the pantograph and catenary. Therefore, based on the simulation research method, this study uses the time–frequency transformation method to investigate the influence of changes in the catenary structure on the periodic signal of the contact force. First, the structural design of the catenary structure of the existing railway line is carried out by changing the length of the stitch wires and the dropper spacing, and the stiffness and stiffness curvature variation when the arrangement of the stitch wires and dropper varies are analysed. Then, the relationship between the stiffness, stiffness curvature variation, and contact force variation is analysed. Finally, the wavelet transform method is used to transform the contact force, and variations in the key amplitude component of the contact force are analysed when the structural parameters are changed, and the relationship between the period and the key amplitude component is obtained. By analysing the time–frequency characteristics of the contact force, technical support for improving the speed of the train can be provided.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"287-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43315183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bounded rational real-time charging pricing strategy under the traffic-grid coupling network 交通-电网耦合网络下的有界理性实时收费定价策略

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12050

Chudi Wang, Shaohua Ma, Zhiyuan Cai, Ning Yan, Qiwei Wang

{"title":"Bounded rational real-time charging pricing strategy under the traffic-grid coupling network","authors":"Chudi Wang, Shaohua Ma, Zhiyuan Cai, Ning Yan, Qiwei Wang","doi":"10.1049/els2.12050","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12050","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a bounded rational charging guidance strategy based on mental account theory, which guides users to charge in an orderly manner by formulating real-time charging prices. Firstly, an orderly guidance framework for fast-charging EVs under the traffic-grid coupling network is constructed, and the influencing factors of various dimensions when users make charging decisions are analysed. Secondly, considering the bounded rational behaviour of users when making charging decisions, a multifactor bounded rational charging model for EV users based on mental account theory is proposed so as to obtain different charging costs for users when selecting charging stations. On this basis, a real-time charging price strategy based on the Stackelberg game model is constructed, with the goal of maximising the economic benefits of charging station operators while reducing the charging cost of EV users as much as possible. Finally, the particle swarm optimisation algorithm is used to solve the game model so as to solve the real-time charging price under various constraints. The simulation of an example verifies the rationality of the proposed real-time charging price formulation method and the superiority of the bounded rational charging guidance strategy.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"251-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparison of renewable integration schemes for AC railway power supply system 铁路交流供电系统可再生能源并网方案比较

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12048

Nakaret Kano, Zhongbei Tian, Nutthaka Chinomi, Stuart Hillmansen

{"title":"Comparison of renewable integration schemes for AC railway power supply system","authors":"Nakaret Kano, Zhongbei Tian, Nutthaka Chinomi, Stuart Hillmansen","doi":"10.1049/els2.12048","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12048","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the UK net-zero emissions target by 2050, transformations to decarbonise the energy system will be essential. A transition from generating electricity by burning fossil fuel to renewable energy sources (RESs) is one of the most effective ways, in addition to customer transformation, in which people are willing to participate to reduce energy consumption. The railway sector accounts for 0.5% of carbon emissions in the United Kingdom. In order to meet the net-zero goal, more railway routes must be electrified, as only 38% of railway routes are electrified at present. Furthermore, clean energy is necessary. Therefore, schemes for integrating RESs into the AC high-speed railway power supply system are proposed and simulated in a case study. Power losses in the power system are comprehensively studied and compared. Owing to the fluctuation of traction load, the power quality issue is inevitable. Thus, the voltage unbalance factor is adopted to measure the severity of the imbalance. The results from the case study demonstrate that the proposed scheme in which the RES is connected to a three-phase railway power network generates the smallest power losses among all proposed schemes. Moreover, it also requires lower investment expenditure and provides the most significant cost saving in the long run. The results also reveal that the VUFs of all schemes based on a 400 kV transmission system are below the United Kingdom's stringent limit of 1.5%. Furthermore, the CO2 emissions are reduced significantly with RES integration by half for the case study with the 120 MW RES. Although the other proposed schemes had higher losses and lifetime costs, the differences are not significant. Each scheme has its advantages and disadvantages. Several factors need to be considered to choose the suitable scheme, such as the size of land available etc.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 3","pages":"209-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46532434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Characteristic analysis of pantograph–catenary detachment arc based on double-pantograph–catenary dynamics in electrified railways 基于双弓网动力学的电气化铁路弓网分离电弧特性分析

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12049

Hongyi Zhou, Zhigang Liu, Jiaming Xiong, Fuchuan Duan

{"title":"Characteristic analysis of pantograph–catenary detachment arc based on double-pantograph–catenary dynamics in electrified railways","authors":"Hongyi Zhou, Zhigang Liu, Jiaming Xiong, Fuchuan Duan","doi":"10.1049/els2.12049","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12049","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase of train speed in electrified railways, the increasingly violent interaction of pantograph–catenary (PC) makes the PC detachment arc an extrusive phenomenon, especially in the double-pantograph–catenary (DPC) system. Despite a large number of research studies have focussed on the PC arc in a single pantograph system, the studies of PC arc in the DPC system are relatively insufficient. In this paper, the arcing phenomenon in the DPC system is studied by combining it with DPC dynamics. First, through analysing the PC interaction in the double pantograph coupled model, the contact force and vertical displacement of PC are obtained, which are used to analyse the detachment state and fit the detachment trajectory. Then, a dynamic PC detachment arc model is established by extending the black-box arc model and introducing the detachment trajectory. Next, a circuit model of CRH380BL electric multiple units (EMUs) with a DPC system is established to simulate the dynamic arc model. Finally, the characteristics of arc and their coupling transient influences are analysed under different initial design parameters of the DPC system and the correlation of arc characteristic and arc influence is discussed. The validity of the DPC arc model is verified by experiment results.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"238-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Intermittent series direct current arc fault detection in direct current more-electric engine power systems based on wavelet energy spectra and artificial neural network 基于小波能谱和人工神经网络的直流多电发动机功率系统间歇串联直流电弧故障检测

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-07-17 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12047

J. Thomas, R. Telford, P. J. Norman, G. M. Burt

{"title":"Intermittent series direct current arc fault detection in direct current more-electric engine power systems based on wavelet energy spectra and artificial neural network","authors":"J. Thomas, R. Telford, P. J. Norman, G. M. Burt","doi":"10.1049/els2.12047","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12047","url":null,"abstract":"The move towards More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) and Engine (MEE) systems has resulted in system integrators exploring the use of Direct Current (DC) for primary power distribution to both reduce energy conversion stages and enable parallelling of non-synchronised engine off-take generation. A prevalent challenge of utilising DC systems is the safe management of arc faults. Arcing imposes a significant threat to aircraft and can result in critical system damage. Series intermittent arc faults in DC systems are particularly challenging to detect due to the lack of a zero current crossing coupled with the intermittency caused by in-flight vibrations. Additionally, several state-of-the-art arc fault detection methodologies fail to address the handling of aircraft system-specific conditions such as dynamic loading and stability requirements. This paper addresses these unique MEA/MEE issues through the proposal of a new generalised real-time arc fault detection methodology (WaSp) based on time–frequency domain-extracted features applied to a feed-forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The paper outlines the analysis of arc fault time–frequency domain features. Simulation-based case studies emulating a range of on-board EPS conditions are presented and show the proposed system has the potential for highly accurate and generalised detection performance with fast detection times.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 3","pages":"197-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45603885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on radiated interference from diesel locomotive traction motor to cab signalling 内燃机车牵引电动机对驾驶室信号的辐射干扰研究

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12046

Chang Liu, Shiwu Yang, Haihong Zhao, Yong Cui, Shaotong Chu

{"title":"Research on radiated interference from diesel locomotive traction motor to cab signalling","authors":"Chang Liu, Shiwu Yang, Haihong Zhao, Yong Cui, Shaotong Chu","doi":"10.1049/els2.12046","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12046","url":null,"abstract":"With the railway advancement of speed and load capacity, new high-power diesel locomotives occupy a prominent position. Due to the susceptibility of onboard signal equipment comprised of microelectronic devices, the diesel locomotive's traction motor (TM) may produce serious disturbance to cab signalling, possibly distorting the signal pattern via receiving coils, even resulting in mutation and decoding error of cab signals. However, the existing research studies pay little attention to this electromagnetic interference problem. This paper studies the radiated alternating magnetic field of the TM and interference coupling path to onboard equipment. It first analyses the cab signalling working principle and clarifies the interference mechanism, focussing on the quantitative analysis of the radiated magnetic field and interference electromotive force. Then, based on the ANSYS platform, the finite element method is used to complete modelling, simulation, and verification. Finally, combined with the railway field data, a typical interference case is analysed, verifying that the distorted signal pulses under the radiated magnetic field are the primary cause of decoding failures. This research establishes the quantitative relationship between the traction radiation intensity and the interference amplitude on signals, helping explore the countermeasures, improve the cab signal decoding accuracy, and ensure transportation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 3","pages":"181-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41309259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on square root sigma point Kalman filter considering temperature variations 考虑温度变化的基于平方根sigma点卡尔曼滤波的锂离子电池充电状态估计

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12045

Davoud Mahboubi, Iraj Jafari Gavzan, Mohammad Hassan Saidi, Naghi Ahmadi

{"title":"State of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on square root sigma point Kalman filter considering temperature variations","authors":"Davoud Mahboubi, Iraj Jafari Gavzan, Mohammad Hassan Saidi, Naghi Ahmadi","doi":"10.1049/els2.12045","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12045","url":null,"abstract":"The battery management system (BMS) in electric vehicles monitors the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion battery by controlling transient parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature prevents the battery from operating outside the optimal operating range. The main feature of the battery management system is the correct estimation of the SOC in the broad range of vehicle navigation. In this paper, to estimate real-time of SOC in lithium-ion batteries and overcome faults of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the Square-Root Sigma Point Kalman Filter is applied on the basis of numerical approximations rather than analytical methods of EKF. For this purpose, the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterisation tests are combined with the non-linear least square method that acquired the second-order equivalent circuit model parameters. Then, the newly developed method is tested with an 18,650 cylindrical lithium-ion battery with a nominal capacity of 2600 mAh in four different ambient temperatures. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the two proposed methods are verified by comparing with results of pulse discharge and dynamic driving cycle tests. The comparison results indicate the error of the proposed algorithm is about 0.02 under the most test conditions.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 3","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41940822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Acceleration-based wheel slip control realized with decentralised electric drivetrain systems 基于加速度的轮滑控制与分散的电力传动系统实现

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12044

Bowen Jiang, Nimananda Sharma, Yujing Liu, Chuan Li

{"title":"Acceleration-based wheel slip control realized with decentralised electric drivetrain systems","authors":"Bowen Jiang, Nimananda Sharma, Yujing Liu, Chuan Li","doi":"10.1049/els2.12044","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12044","url":null,"abstract":"Traction control is one of the most important functions in vehicle drivetrain systems. When a vehicle is driven on a low-friction road surface, loss of traction force can cause the driven wheels to spin. This reduces vehicle acceleration performance and can even cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle. The high bandwidth of electric machine control in electric vehicles gives more possibilities to regulate driving torque on wheels and prevent wheel spin. An acceleration-based wheel slip control is designed and investigated. Compared to traditional slip-based traction control, the proposed method does not depend on the estimation of the vehicle speed and only relies on the driven wheel rotational acceleration. The control method is verified using the simulation of an electric vehicle with a decentralised electric drivetrain system. The vehicle and the electric drive are modelled in CarMaker and PLECS, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed method is able to prevent the driven wheel from spinning when the vehicle is accelerated on an ice road. In addition, the control is fast enough and requires only half a second to reduce the wheel acceleration to a normal range.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 2","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45215633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Study on electric spark discharge between pantograph and catenary in electrified railway 电气化铁路受电弓与接触网之间电火花放电的研究

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12043

Hongyi Zhou, Fuchuan Duan, Zhigang Liu, Long Chen, Yang Song, Yexin Zhang

{"title":"Study on electric spark discharge between pantograph and catenary in electrified railway","authors":"Hongyi Zhou, Fuchuan Duan, Zhigang Liu, Long Chen, Yang Song, Yexin Zhang","doi":"10.1049/els2.12043","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12043","url":null,"abstract":"The electric spark caused by pantograph-catenary (PC) electrical contact failure happens frequently, it is a kind of arcing phenomenon which can severely affect the current collection of PC. The theoretical analysis and modelling of PC electric spark are tried. First, the contact spots between PC and their temperature rise are analysed and derived based on the classical electrical contact theory, respectively. The mechanism of spark discharge is revealed through the analysis of PC voltage difference, and the spark discharge model is proposed combining with the spot temperature rise formula and spark discharge mechanism. Then, in order to obtain some key parameters in an electric spark discharge model, such as contact force and contact current, the structure model of PC and the circuit model of vehicle-grid are established for the calculation of the spark rate in PC. Finally, the spark rate is calculated and analysed under the different parameters in PC system. The calculation results are verified by the experiment results. Through the presentation of the correlation of electric spark discharge and factors, such as contact force, contact current and material of PC, this study can support the assessment of electrical contact quality in the PC system in future study.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 2","pages":"128-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Optimal allocation of intelligent parking lots in distribution system: A robust two-stage optimization model 配电系统中智能停车场的优化配置：一个稳健的两阶段优化模型

IF 2.3 4区工程技术

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.1049/els2.12042

Motahareh Mojarad, Mostafa Sedighizadeh, Mohamad Dosaranian-Moghadam

{"title":"Optimal allocation of intelligent parking lots in distribution system: A robust two-stage optimization model","authors":"Motahareh Mojarad, Mostafa Sedighizadeh, Mohamad Dosaranian-Moghadam","doi":"10.1049/els2.12042","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12042","url":null,"abstract":"Electrification of transportation is one of the new ways to deal with environmental issues. In order to reach sustainable development, efficient integration of the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into the distribution network (DN) plays a significant role. Establishing PEV intelligent parking lots (IPLs) is one of the important solutions to develop charging stations. However, one of the problems with IPLs is restrictions created by municipalities and DNs while the common parking lots are not faced with these constraints. The aim of this paper is to optimally allocate IPLs in order to minimize system costs through a two-stage mathematical model. The system cost involves installation cost, cost of exchanging the electrical power with an upstream grid, cost of the electrical power loss, network reliability cost, and emissions cost. In the first stage, the behaviour of IPLs is optimized taking into account the market interactions for enhancing the profit of the IPL owner. In the second stage, the optimal IPL allocation is performed taking various network constraints into consideration. The robust optimization is developed to hedge the DN operator and the IPL owner against risk imposed uncertain variables. The proposed model is a Robust Mix Integer Linear Problem, which is solved using the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed model are evaluated on the IEEE 12-bus test network.","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 2","pages":"102-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47371523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2