IET Electrical Systems in Transportation最新文献

{"title":"Design, build, test and flight of the world's fastest electric aircraft","authors":"Timothy Bingham,&nbsp;Mathew Moore,&nbsp;Taylor De Caux,&nbsp;Marco Pacino","doi":"10.1049/els2.12059","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Power to mass ratio is one of the key characteristics of most high-performance vehicles, a record-breaking ACCEL race aircraft is no different. Project ACCEL pushed the limits of energy management, thermal management, and mass saving, while maintaining measured safety for the pilot and crew to ultimately achieve world record-breaking flights. The numerous engineering challenges involved in designing and developing the world's fastest electric aircraft have been solved by a relatively small team in a limited timeframe. The blank sheet design of the ESS and powertrain allowed for an appropriately optimised solution, swiftly moving into physical testing allowed for rapid development of the system and opportunities to iterate. In the closing stages of the project, building, assembling, and ground testing the aircraft under one roof allowed for an effective cohesive and exciting crescendo before flight operation of the aircraft at MoD Boscombe Down.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"380-402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46613641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonic feature of 27.5 kV traction power system in a Chinese high-speed railway","authors":"Yadong Fan,&nbsp;Ding Hu,&nbsp;Wen Chen,&nbsp;Liming Gao,&nbsp;Jianping Wang,&nbsp;Mi Zhou,&nbsp;Jianguo Wang,&nbsp;Chang He","doi":"10.1049/els2.12062","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The key to controlling harmonics in high-speed railways is to get information on its harmonic feature. In this study, a continuous 24 h harmonic observation is carried out in Ji'an West traction substation of a typical Chinese high-speed railway. In both the 24 h operating period and the two train driving processes, the features of harmonics of 27.5 kV buses are studied under multiple operating modes, which finds that the voltage and the current harmonic content mainly consist of low-order harmonics below the 11th order with high-order harmonics that ranges from 13th to 31st and 89th to 99th order. The law that the harmonic distribution changes with the load current is derived. Calculation results show a power function relationship between total harmonic distortion and bus current. In regenerative braking modes, the harmonic content is higher than traction with less high-order harmonics. Finally, the authors find an admittance matrix coupling between the 3rd to the 31st order harmonic voltage and current for simplified modelling of the harmonic transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"369-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47410148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and analysis of a photovoltaic-powered charging station for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in college campus","authors":"Sureshbabu,&nbsp;Suresh Padmanabhan,&nbsp;Ganesan Subramanian,&nbsp;Albert Alexander Stonier,&nbsp;Geno Peter,&nbsp;Vivekananda Ganji","doi":"10.1049/els2.12060","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photovoltaic-powered electric transportation systems are gaining global momentum owing to their superior enactment and zero carbon emissions. With a growing number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road, implementation of efficient and well-organised charging stations is extremely indispensable. The authors investigate the feasibility of creating a charging station for plug-in-hybrid EVs at an educational institution, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India (10°48.2′N, 79°50.1′E). The statistics related to the solar radiations of the Nagapattinam region are employed to find out the energy availability for the EV charging station (EVCS) and the requirement for grid connection. The authors use a hybrid optimisation model for an electric renewable (HOMER) simulator to determine the optimum specification of the proposed EVCS. Also, the authors carry out a techno-economic study against the specified load requirement to evaluate the potential of the charging station. The solar irradiance data obtained from NASA ground climatology and the solar power dataset of the designated site are used to realise the precise fallouts. The optimisation results provide minimum annual system cost and reliable power to the EVs. Based on these results, an EVCS is erected in the college campus to charge plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The established EVCS contains 3 kW EV charger operating as a microgrid and includes nine solar panels with 335 W each, 48 V, 150 Ah specification. The authors use solar photovoltaic (PV) panels using Copper Indium Selenide-Zinc sulfide (CISZS) quantum dots for maximising energy yield from the EVCS. The authors consider that eight different charging profiles for different months are employed for estimating the solar irradiance probability density in the designated site. From this study, the authors can conclude that Gaussian mixer model (G4) profile is optimum for the Nagapattinam region to install a potential and reliable EVCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"358-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45484065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimised temperature fluctuation control strategy for lifetime improvement in aircraft electrical power distribution system","authors":"Hao Yan,&nbsp;Bangli Du,&nbsp;Abraham Marquez,&nbsp;Giampaolo Buticchi","doi":"10.1049/els2.12058","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a power electronic converter with bidirectional energy transmission, the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) has a broad application prospect in the electrical power distribution system of hybrid-electric flight. For the DAB application in the electrical power distribution system, high efficiency and high reliability are envisaged due to the mission-critical nature of the application. A new pulse width modulation optimization control strategy is proposed, which is based on the feedback temperature fluctuations of the GaN (Gallium Nitride) power transistors, to improve the lifetime of the whole circuit. The complete topology and simulations of the DAB converter are carried out in PLECS. Detailed simulation results manifest the precise lifetime of the GaN power transistors and verify the accuracy of the new optimization control strategy. Meanwhile, Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator is set as a control group to compare the lifetime of conventional silicon-based power devices with the GaN power transistor. Hardware In Loop platform test is built to further validate the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"344-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-rating 40-pulse AC–DC rectifier based on a new passive harmonic mitigation circuit","authors":"Rohollah Abdollahi,&nbsp;Gevork B. Gharehpetian","doi":"10.1049/els2.12057","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel 40-pulse autotransformer rectifier is proposed to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current in aircraft electrical power systems. The 40-pulse rectifier (40PR) includes a passive harmonic reduction circuit (PHMC) with a low kVA rating (about 0.95% of the load power) to enhance the performance of the conventional 40PR. This PHMC is based on 2 harmonic suppression circuits and contains four tapped reactor and 4 auxiliary diodes. 50 Hz simulations of the improved 40PR indicate that THD of the input current and voltage is less than 2%, which meets the IEEE-519 standard. In addition, without using any input and output filters, input current harmonic components at 400–800 Hz are less than the requirements mentioned in the DO-160G and MIL-STD-704F standards. The suggested PHMC can easily be implemented. A prototype is developed to verify the proposed design. A good agreement can be seen in simulation and experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"330-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42034685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced EKF and SVSF for state of charge estimation of Li-ion battery in electric vehicle using a fuzzy parameters model","authors":"Meriem Ben Lazreg,&nbsp;Sabeur Jemmali,&nbsp;Bilal Manai,&nbsp;Mahmoud Hamouda","doi":"10.1049/els2.12056","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The precision of equivalent circuit model (ECM)-based state of charge (SoC) estimation methods is vulnerable to the variation of the battery parameters, due to several internal and external factors. In this regard, this study proposes a fuzzy logic method for the approximate estimation of the ECM parameters at different temperatures and SoC levels. The fuzzy inference system is designed to handle the non-linear deviation of the battery parameters from their reference values. On this basis, the extended Kalman filter and smooth variable structure filter are used to estimate the SoC. The two algorithms with fuzzy parameters (FP), namely FP-EKF and FP-SVSF, are tested on a 20 Ah Nickel Manganese Cobalt cell with maximum voltage of 4.2 V. The results show that the maximum root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated SoC is kept within 1.51% with the FP-EKF and 0.68% with the FP-SVSF. Moreover, the reduction of the maximum absolute error may reach 0.34% with the FP-EKF, and 0.82% with the FP-SVSF, compared to the same algorithms without the proposed FP method. The executable codes are implemented on a low-cost controller, and the average computational time is obtained as 215 μs, which confirms the real-time practicality of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"315-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45719835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient field programmable gate arrays based real-time implementation of smooth variable structure filter to estimate the state of charge of Li-ion battery in electric vehicle application","authors":"Sabeur Jemmali,&nbsp;Mahmoud Hamouda,&nbsp;Bilal Manaï","doi":"10.1049/els2.12055","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The computational efficiency is a challenging task in the real-time implementation of battery State of Charge (SoC) estimation algorithms in Electric Vehicle (EV) application. This study proposes for the first time a pure hardware architecture of a Smooth Variable Structure Filter (SVSF) to estimate the SoC of a lithium-ion battery in an EV. The proposed embedded architecture is implemented on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 field programmable gate arrays board without using any soft-core, and validated with real-time tests carried out on a 20 Ah NMC battery with nominal voltage about 3.65 V. The whole embedded architecture of the SVSF needs a reduced execution time in the range of 921 ns, and it consumes only 466 mW. The average estimation errors of the SoC and battery voltage at different temperatures are kept within 4.95% and 2.35% respectively. The successful convergence of the algorithm and the accurate results obtained in different circumstances, prove the practicability and computational efficiency of the proposed hardware architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"298-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47783006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-layer framework for energy efficiency assessment of shore-to-ship fast charging systems including onshore batteries","authors":"Siamak Karimi,&nbsp;Mehdi Zadeh,&nbsp;Jon Are Suul","doi":"10.1049/els2.12052","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a three-layer framework for energy efficiency evaluation of Shore-to-Ship Charging (S2SC) systems using load-dependent loss models of the components. The considered S2SC system is supplied by the grid but is also supported by On-Shore Batteries (OSB). The presented approach is then used to investigate the impact of the specific design and operational parameters on energy efficiency. Power system architectures for three general S2SC solutions for ac, dc, and inductive charging are defined and compared in terms of energy efficiency. Operational parameters are also considered in the analysis, namely, the grid power ratio, determining the load sharing between the grid and the OSB, as well as the OSB charging profile. A case study is performed with peak charging power of 1 MW, and the most efficient S2SC solutions are identified for both ac- and dc-based onboard power systems. Moreover, it is shown that charging OSB with the highest available power from the grid between the charging breaks would often lead to higher energy efficiency than the maximum utilization of the available charging time. Field data from a real S2SC system is used to verify the estimated energy efficiency by the proposed framework. The analysis of the real case S2SC is then extended to include and verify a projected OSB.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"269-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium-voltage DC electric railway systems: A review on feeding arrangements and power converter topologies","authors":"Sina Sharifi,&nbsp;Izsák Ferdinánd Ferencz,&nbsp;Tamer Kamel,&nbsp;Dorin Petreuş,&nbsp;Pietro Tricoli","doi":"10.1049/els2.12054","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Medium-voltage DC (MVDC) electric railway systems have several advantages over conventional DC and AC railway electrification systems. These advantages include higher capacity, possibility of connecting to power networks at lower voltage, removal of neutral sections, smaller line voltage drops, and longer distances between traction power substations. This paper reviews in depth the arrangements for MVDC railway electrification systems proposed in the technical literature and the topologies used for high-power medium-voltage AC-DC converters. With reference to typical requirements of a MVDC railway electrification system, the pros and cons of the topologies are critically analysed. Moreover, this paper reviews the DC-DC power converter topologies for on-board power electronic traction transformers, required to interface the MVDC power supply with the traction motors. Finally, the review highlights the existing challenges of MVDC electric railway systems and the potential areas of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"223-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48179128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on time–frequency characteristics of contact force based on wavelet transform","authors":"Fang He,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1049/els2.12053","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When a train runs at high speed, affected by the structural characteristics of the catenary, the contact force changes periodically with span and dropper spacing. However, as the running speed of the train increases, the periodic signal of the contact force changes owing to the fluctuation of the catenary and the vibration of the pantograph, which directly affects the stable contact between the pantograph and catenary. Therefore, based on the simulation research method, this study uses the time–frequency transformation method to investigate the influence of changes in the catenary structure on the periodic signal of the contact force. First, the structural design of the catenary structure of the existing railway line is carried out by changing the length of the stitch wires and the dropper spacing, and the stiffness and stiffness curvature variation when the arrangement of the stitch wires and dropper varies are analysed. Then, the relationship between the stiffness, stiffness curvature variation, and contact force variation is analysed. Finally, the wavelet transform method is used to transform the contact force, and variations in the key amplitude component of the contact force are analysed when the structural parameters are changed, and the relationship between the period and the key amplitude component is obtained. By analysing the time–frequency characteristics of the contact force, technical support for improving the speed of the train can be provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"12 4","pages":"287-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43315183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}