Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Do appearance related safety behaviors contribute to distress intolerance? A Multi-method examination","authors":"Tapan A. Patel,&nbsp;James M. Zech,&nbsp;Jesse R. Cougle","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals elevated in distress intolerance (DI) may engage in dysfunctional behavioral strategies to cope with their distress. One behavioral strategy that may be related to DI is appearance related safety behavior (ARSB; i.e., maladaptive behavior that seeks to mitigate the feared consequences of the negative evaluation of appearance). We examined the relationship between DI and ARSBs in two separate samples of women. In Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 91), we found in an unselected sample that ARSBs were robustly associated with DI cross-sectionally while accounting for symptoms of depression and body dysmorphia. Further, greater ARSBs predicted increases in DI longitudinally. In Study 2, among a clinical sample of women with elevated appearance concerns (<em>N</em> = 94), we examined the experimental effect of reducing ARSBs compared to a self-monitoring control. Relative to control, instructions to reduce ARSBs led to lower DI, but this effect was only found for individuals low in baseline DI. Overall, we found preliminary evidence that ARSBs may be a salient factor in contributing to and maintaining DI; and SB fading may be a helpful strategy for reducing DI. We discuss these findings in the context of existing literature and provide directions for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 104617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized clinical trial to evaluate feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary target engagement for a novel executive working memory training in adolescents with ADHD","authors":"Abigail J. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Jacey Anderson ,&nbsp;Morgan Beatty ,&nbsp;Jimmy Choi ,&nbsp;James Jaccard ,&nbsp;Keith Hawkins ,&nbsp;Godfrey Pearlson ,&nbsp;Michael C. Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Working memory training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has focused on increasing working memory capacity, with inconclusive evidence for its effectiveness. Alternative training targets are executive working memory (EWM) processes that promote flexibility or bolster stability of working memory contents to guide behavior via selective attention. This randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to assess feasibility, tolerability, and behavioral target engagement of a novel EWM training for ADHD.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>62 ADHD-diagnosed adolescents (12–18 years) were randomized to EWM training or placebo arms for 20 remotely coached sessions conducted over 4–5 weeks. Primary outcome measures were behavioral changes on EWM tasks. Secondary outcomes were intervention tolerability, trial retention, and responsiveness to adaptive training difficulty manipulations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Linear regression analyses found intervention participants showed medium effect size improvements, many of which were statistically significant, on Shifting and Filtering EWM task accuracy and Shifting and Updating reaction time measures. Intervention participants maintained strong self-rated motivation, mood, and engagement and progressed through the adaptive difficulty measures, which was further reflected in high trial retention.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggest that these EWM processes show promise as training targets for ADHD. The subsequent <span>NIMH</span> R33-funded extension clinical trial will seek to replicate and extend these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Savoring mental imagery: Electrocortical effects and association with depression.","authors":"Lauren E Jackson, Kayla A Wilson, Annmarie MacNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to focus on and increase positive emotion in response to mental imagery may play a key role in emotional wellbeing. Moreover, deficits in this ability might underlie emotional disorders such as depression. Here, we set out to determine whether people could use savoring to upregulate subjective and electrocortical response to mental imagery of previously viewed positive and neutral pictures, and whether this would be negatively affected by depression. On each trial, participants (N = 49) viewed a positive or neutral picture, prior to simply re-imagining the previously presented picture (\"view\") or re-imagining the picture while savoring it (\"savor\"). Results showed that savoring increased electrocortical and subjective response to imagined stimuli; however, this effect was only evident at the electrocortical level when controlling for depression. Moreover, depression moderated electrocortical findings, such that individuals who were more depressed showed a reduced effect of savoring on neural response to mental imagery. Results are in line with recent work that has shown the benefits of positive affect treatment for depression, to suggest that deficits in savoring mental imagery may play a role in the development and/or maintenance of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"104559"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled trial modifying insomnia-consistent interpretation bias in students","authors":"Marloes Duijzings ,&nbsp;Jemma Todd ,&nbsp;Lies Notebaert","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the causal role of insomnia-consistent interpretation bias within the cognitive model of insomnia, by modifying this bias in students experiencing subclinical levels of insomnia and assessing subsequent effects on sleep parameters. A sample of 128 students underwent randomization to receive either a single session of online Cognitive Bias Modification-Interpretation (CBM-I) or a sham training. Participants then tracked their pre-sleep worry and sleep parameters for seven consecutive days. Interpretation bias was assessed using an encoding-recognition task specifically designed for insomnia-related interpretation bias. The CBM-I manipulation utilized ambiguous scenarios to redirect participants away from making insomnia-related interpretations. Results revealed that CBM-I effectively decreased insomnia-consistent interpretation bias compared to the sham treatment, with interpretation bias being absent post-training in the CBM-I group. This reduction did not lead to improvements in pre-sleep worry or any sleep parameters. This study has been the first to investigate the causal role of interpretation bias on symptoms of insomnia. Although results indicated this bias to be modifiable, its causality within the cognitive model proves to be more complicated. Future research focusing on optimization of cognitive bias modifications could shed more light on the effects of biased cognitions on insomnia symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724001347/pdfft?md5=7c0c185b681ade27dc09bbd09b4624ff&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724001347-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiential processing increases positive affect and decreases dampening appraisals during autobiographical memory recall in an anhedonic sample","authors":"Christina F. Sandman ,&nbsp;Michelle G. Craske","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anhedonia is characterized by diminished reward processing, which may be explained in part by dampening appraisals, or thoughts that blunt positive emotions. Experiential processing, or attending to sensory and bodily experience, may curb dampening appraisals, as compared to analytical processing, or conceptually thinking about an event. In this study, 96 participants with elevated anhedonia completed writing tasks, in which they recalled positive autobiographical memories. Participants recalled the first memory as they naturally would to assess spontaneous use of processing mode and were then randomized to recall the second positive memory using either experiential, analytical, or control instructions. Both spontaneous and instructed experiential processing were associated with greater positive affect and less dampening compared to analytical processing. Clinical implications include savoring pleasant sensations to reduce dampening and enhance positive affect in anhedonia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting away from negative inferences affects rumination and mood","authors":"Baruch Perlman ,&nbsp;Gil Burg ,&nbsp;Noa Avirbach-Shabat ,&nbsp;Nilly Mor","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In three studies, we examined the effect of shifting from a negative to a positive inference for a negative personal event, on mood, state rumination, and next-day inferences, and assessed whether trait brooding moderates these effects. Participants described a personal event and made two inferences for it. Studies 1 and 2 showed that instructing participants to shift from a negative to a positive inference, improved mood and decreased state rumination, compared to a no-shift condition. Lasting effects of this shift were observed on the next day, but not among high brooders. In Study 3, trait brooding was associated with less shifting from a negative to a positive inference, when participants were free to make any inference following a negative one. These findings highlight the benefits of shifting from negative to positive inferences for mood and state rumination. We also discuss the potential of shifting for brooders, who do not shift spontaneously but can do so with guidance, offering a potential intervention to enhance emotion regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided internet-based LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy: A randomized controlled trial among sexual minority men in China","authors":"Mengyao Yi ,&nbsp;Xianhong Li ,&nbsp;Danielle Chiaramonte ,&nbsp;Shufang Sun ,&nbsp;Si Pan ,&nbsp;Zachary Soulliard ,&nbsp;Benjamin E. Eisenstadt ,&nbsp;Brjánn Ljótsson ,&nbsp;Ashley Hagaman ,&nbsp;John Pachankis","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) addresses minority stress to improve sexual minority individuals’ mental and behavioral health. This treatment has never been tested in high-stigma contexts like China using online delivery.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Chinese young sexual minority men (<em>n</em> = 120; ages 16–30; HIV-negative; reporting depression and/or anxiety symptoms and past-90-day HIV-transmission-risk behavior), were randomized to receive 10 sessions of culturally adapted asynchronous LGBTQ-affirmative internet-based CBT (ICBT) or weekly assessments only. The primary outcome included HIV-transmission-risk behavior (i.e., past-30-day condomless anal sex). Secondary outcomes included HIV social-cognitive mechanisms (e.g., condom use self-efficacy), mental health (e.g., depression), and behavioral health (e.g., alcohol use), as well as minority stress (e.g., acceptance concerns), and universal (e.g., emotion regulation) mechanisms at baseline and 4- and 8-month follow-up. Moderation analyses examined treatment efficacy as a function of baseline stigma experiences and session completion.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to assessment only, LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT did not yield greater reductions in HIV-transmission-risk behavior or social-cognitive mechanisms. However, LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT yielded greater improvements in depression (<em>d</em> = −0.50, <em>d</em> = −0.63) and anxiety (<em>d</em> = −0.51, <em>d</em> = −0.49) at 4- and 8-month follow-up, respectively; alcohol use (<em>d</em> = −0.40) at 8-month follow-up; and certain minority stress (e.g., internalized stigma) and universal (i.e., emotion dysregulation) mechanisms compared to assessment only. LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT was more efficacious for reducing HIV-transmission-risk behavior for participants with lower internalized stigma (<em>d</em> = 0.42). Greater session completion predicted greater reductions in suicidality and rumination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>LGBTQ-affirmative ICBT demonstrates preliminary efficacy for Chinese young sexual minority men. Findings can inform future interventions for young sexual minority men in contexts with limited affirmative supports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of state and chronic loneliness with interpretation bias: The role of internalizing symptoms","authors":"Bronwen Grocott ,&nbsp;Maital Neta ,&nbsp;Frances Chen ,&nbsp;Joelle LeMoult","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Loneliness is common and, while generally transient, persists in up to 22% of the population. The rising prevalence and adverse impacts of chronic loneliness highlight the need to understand its underlying mechanisms. Evolutionary models of loneliness suggest that chronically lonely individuals demonstrate negative interpretation biases towards social information. It may also be that such biases are exacerbated by momentary increases in state loneliness, or elevated anxiety or depression. Yet, little research has tested these possibilities. The current study aimed to advance understandings of loneliness by examining associations of chronic loneliness with individual differences in negative interpretation bias for social (relative to non-social) stimuli, and testing whether these associations change in the context of increased state loneliness and current levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. These aims were explored in 591 participants who completed an interpretation bias task before and after undergoing a state loneliness induction. Participants also self-reported chronic loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Linear mixed models indicated that only state (but not chronic) loneliness was associated with more positive interpretations of non-social stimuli, with greater anxiety and depressive symptoms predicting more negative interpretations. Implications of these findings for present theoretical models of loneliness are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000579672400130X/pdfft?md5=44dea919ae343fecf5e7f86e415bc5c3&pid=1-s2.0-S000579672400130X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicit measures of suicide vulnerability: Investigating suicide-related information-processing biases and a deficit in behavioral impulse control in a high-risk sample and healthy controls","authors":"Juliane Brüdern ,&nbsp;Lena Spangenberg ,&nbsp;Maria Stein ,&nbsp;Thomas Forkmann ,&nbsp;Dajana Schreiber ,&nbsp;Katarina Stengler ,&nbsp;Helena Gold ,&nbsp;Heide Glaesmer","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Relevant implicit markers of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) have only been studied in isolation with mixed evidence. This is the first study that investigated a suicide attentional bias, a death-identity bias and a deficit in behavioral impulsivity in a high-risk sample and healthy controls.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We administered the Death Implicit Association Test, the Modified Suicide Stroop Task, and a Go/No-Go Task to inpatient suicide ideators (<em>n</em> = 42), suicide attempters (<em>n</em> = 40), and community controls (<em>n</em> = 61).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Suicide ideators and attempters showed a suicide attentional bias and a death-identity bias compared to healthy controls. Ideators and attempters did not differ in these implicit information-processing biases. Notably, only attempters were more behaviorally impulsive compared to controls; however, ideators and attempters did not significantly differ in behavioral impulsivity. Moreover, implicit scores were positively intercorrelated in the total sample.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In line with the Cognitive Model of Suicide, ideators and attempters display suicide-related information processing biases, which can be considered as implicit cognitive markers of suicide vulnerability. Furthermore, attempters have elevated levels of behavioral impulsiveness. These results are highly relevant in the context of crisis intervention strategies and warrant further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724001281/pdfft?md5=cd873f3871314056105a4f3225c6eb59&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724001281-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's a balancing act: The ratio of maladaptive (vs. All) emotion regulation strategies is associated with depression","authors":"Reuma Gadassi-Polack ,&nbsp;Gabriela Paganini ,&nbsp;August Keqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Christine Dworschak ,&nbsp;Jennifer S. Silk ,&nbsp;Hedy Kober ,&nbsp;Jutta Joormann","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on emotion regulation (ER) has increasingly recognized that people use multiple strategies simultaneously, often referred to as ER repertoire. Prior research found that ER repertoire is associated with psychopathology, but results have been mixed. Indeed, research from recent years suggests that it is the quality of ERs, more than their quantity, that needs to be considered. Based on the combination of the literatures on ER repertoire, polyregulation, and ER flexibility, we propose a novel metric: the ratio of using putatively maladaptive (vs. all) ER strategies. Using this metric, we examine (1) maladaptive ER ratio changes during the transition to adolescence, a developmental period in which the prevalence of depression sharply increases, and (2) whether changes in maladaptive ER ratio are associated with depressive symptoms. One-hundred and thirty-nine youths (baseline age: 8–15) reported ER strategies and depression daily for 21 days. One year later, 115 completed another 28-day daily-diary (N_assessments = 5631). Our results show that almost all youth use at least some maladaptive ERs. Importantly, maladaptive ER ratio decreases over a year of adolescence for most youths. Conversely, an increased maladaptive ER ratio predicted depression increases on the daily and on the yearly level. These results shed light on typical and atypical development of ER flexibility and emphasize the need to consider the balance between ERs in relation to psychopathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}