Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"To focus on a confederate or oneself? Attentional bias and state anxiety in socially anxious individuals during real-time online video calls","authors":"Wen Gao,&nbsp;Qinglin Hu,&nbsp;Yongqi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attentional bias toward threatening stimuli and heightened self-focused attention are pivotal factors in the activation and perpetuation of high social anxiety. Literature on attentional biases between external social cues and self-relevant information has yielded inconsistent findings due to diverse experimental tasks and materials. With a videoconferencing platform and eye-tracking technology, this study assessed state anxiety and attentional bias between self- and other-related cues among individuals with different sex and social anxiety levels (n = 82) in various social contexts (speech and conversation) and social feedback (positive, neutral, and negative). Eye-movement data revealed that individuals focus more on the other person than themselves during online video interactions. However, individuals with high social anxiety tend to focus more on themselves and less on others compared to those with low social anxiety, particularly in males. Males with high social anxiety distributed their attention equally between their social partners and themselves, while females with high social anxiety did not. Self-reported data indicated higher anxiety during speeches than conversations. Those with high social anxiety showed significant differences from baseline levels during tasks, in contrast to those with low social anxiety. Subjective anxiety was more pronounced for negative feedback than for neutral or positive feedback, especially in females. These findings enhance understanding of attentional biases in individuals with high social anxiety and suggest that videoconferencing could benefit therapy for individuals with social anxiety disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety sensitivity and cannabis use: A systematic review and conceptualization of research findings","authors":"Nicole A. Short ,&nbsp;Rachel Weese ,&nbsp;Mattea Pezza ,&nbsp;Michele A. Bedard-Gilligan","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Anxiety sensitivity (AS), or fear of anxious arousal, is a transdiagnostic risk factor that may be associated with greater risk for problematic cannabis use. Individuals with high AS may use cannabis to cope with distressing physiological sensations. However, there is also conflicting research suggesting that individuals with high AS may avoid cannabis use because it is perceived to cause unpleasant physiological sensations. Rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) are high and escalating in the US, so identification and understanding of risk factors such as AS is crucial for prevention and treatment of CUD. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and critically review the, at times, conflicting existing research on AS and CUD, present a unifying conceptualization of AS as a risk factor for CUD, and establish a future research agenda.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Empirical studies indexed in PubMed or PsycInfo as of Spring 2024 testing associations between AS and cannabis use were included. Fifty studies were reviewed and coded by two independent coders who evaluated study characteristics and risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results were qualitatively synthesized and suggested a direct association between elevated AS and greater levels of coping-oriented and possibly problematic cannabis use, but not lifetime cannabis use or cannabis use frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A conceptual model is presented in which high AS may lead to greater coping-oriented cannabis use, and, in turn, problematic cannabis use in the presence of symptoms of psychopathology and positive cannabis expectancies. Future research should test this model utilizing prospective and/or experimental studies with valid assessments of AS and cannabis use among diverse cannabis using samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear not: Combining digital and virtual reality interventions for the treatment of social anxiety disorder – a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Anne Sophie Hildebrand ,&nbsp;Jari Planert ,&nbsp;Kati Roesmann ,&nbsp;Alla Machulska ,&nbsp;Marie Neubert ,&nbsp;Tim Klucken","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Social anxiety disorder (SAD) poses a significant mental health challenge. Despite cognitive behavior therapy being the first-line treatment for SAD, its accessibility remains limited. Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) offer approaches to enhance accessibility and reduce waiting times. As part of this, some recent approaches have incorporated virtual reality (VR) to enable behavioral experiments and exposure. This pilot study aimed to explore the efficacy of an IMI, including CBT interventions via smartphone apps and VR to alleviate the severity of SAD symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two patients diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (<em>n</em> = 16) receiving the IMI or an active control group (<em>n</em> = 16). The number of therapeutic appointments was held constant across conditions to account for unspecific treatment effects. The primary outcome was SAD severity, obtained at baseline, interim, post-treatment, and follow-up assessments. The secondary outcome remission was evaluated through a diagnostic interview at follow-up. The trial was registered with ISRCTN (ID: ISRCTN18013983).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regarding the differential effectiveness between the active control condition and the IMI, two different results were found: There was a higher remission rate in the experimental group compared to the control group, while no significant differences in SAD severity were found.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While SAD severity showed a comparable reduction in both groups, significantly fewer patients in the experimental group were still diagnosed with SAD at follow-up. This suggested a difference between self-report and clinical evaluation. Despite the mixed results, IMIs provide a low-barrier intervention and could be used to increase access to therapy and reduce waiting times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of online mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral interventions for sexual interest/arousal disorder in women: eSense","authors":"Elizabeth A. Mahar ,&nbsp;Kyle R. Stephenson ,&nbsp;Lori A. Brotto","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Sexual interest/arousal disorder (SIAD) is a common and distressing sexual dysfunction in women. Although efficacious psychological treatments for SIAD exist, they are generally underutilized and inaccessible. <em>eSense</em> is a feasible and useable online intervention containing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Therapy (MBT) programs. Our goal was to test the efficacy of the CBT and MBT arms of <em>eSense</em> relative to a waitlist control condition.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Women with SIAD were randomized to <em>eSense</em>-CBT (<em>n</em> = 43), <em>eSense</em>-MBT (<em>n</em> = 43), or a waitlist (<em>n</em> = 43). Both interventions consisted of 8 modules with a recommended completion time of 8–12 weeks. Participants also met remotely with non-expert “navigators” for up to 12 weeks. Participants completed validated self-report measures of primary outcomes (sexual desire/arousal and distress) and secondary outcomes (sexual satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and overall sexual function) at baseline, mid-treatment, posttreatment, and 6-month posttreatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Compared to waitlist, both active treatment groups reported significant improvements in primary outcomes at post-treatment (desire/arousal <em>d &gt;</em> .90; sexual distress <em>d</em> &lt; −0.62) and these improvements were generally maintained at follow-up. The two active treatments did not differ in terms of primary outcomes. Effects on sexual satisfaction were also significant (<em>d</em> = 0.70–0.81) and MBT resulted in slightly greater improvements. There was no effect on sexual dissatisfaction. For overall sexual function, the effect was large (<em>d</em> = 1.20 to 1.23) with no between-arm differences. Future steps to improve engagement and increase access are discussed. <em>Keywords:</em> digital health; sexual interest/arousal disorder; mindfulness-based therapy; cognitive behavioral therapy; sexual dysfunction. <em>Public health significance</em>: This study strongly suggests that <em>eSense</em> is an efficacious digital health tool that holds much potential to improve accessibility for the treatment of SIAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costly avoidance in pediatric anxiety and OCD - The impact of emotional reactivity and reward sensitivity","authors":"Stefan Möller ,&nbsp;Gustav Nordin ,&nbsp;Adam Larsson ,&nbsp;Matti Cervin ,&nbsp;Johannes Björkstrand","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A central feature of internalizing mental disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders, is the avoidance of rewarding situations to prevent the risk of experiencing distressing emotions. Previous research has shown that obsessive and anxious individuals avoid situations where rewards come at the cost of aversive experiences, a phenomenon termed costly avoidance. Costly avoidance has not previously been examined in clinical samples of youths with OCD or anxiety disorders, which is an important gap as these disorders typically onset during the first two decades of life. In this study, treatment-seeking youths with OCD (n = 62) and anxiety disorders (n = 43), and a comparison group of youths without mental disorders (n = 47) performed an approach-avoidance conflict task. Participants selected to face either neutral outcomes or to obtain rewards that co-occurred with aversive images and sounds. Results showed more costly avoidance in the OCD and anxiety disorder groups compared to the non-clinical comparison group, but no differences between the two clinical groups emerged. Trait reward sensitivity and subjective negative emotional reactions to aversive sounds and images were the best individual predictors of costly avoidance. The results of our study show that youths with OCD and anxiety disorders display elevated levels of costly avoidance, which is in line with clinical theories and previous findings in adults with anxiety disorders. We also show that these elevated levels of costly avoidance are best explained by individual differences in reward sensitivity and emotional reactivity, suggesting that sensitivity to appetitive and aversive outcomes might underlie differences in maladaptive costly avoidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with chronic health conditions: Results from a waitlist-controlled trial","authors":"Michael E. Levin ,&nbsp;Ty B. Aller ,&nbsp;Korena S. Klimczak ,&nbsp;Marissa L. Donahue ,&nbsp;Francesca M. Knudsen","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) provide a promising avenue for addressing the mental health needs of adults with chronic health conditions (CHCs). Transdiagnostic DMHIs, which apply to a range of conditions by focusing on common core processes of change (e.g., acceptance and commitment therapy; ACT), are particularly needed to address the various ways a wide range of CHCs impact quality of life. The present study evaluated an ACT DMHI designed to improve quality of life and mental health transdiagnostically for adults with CHCs. A sample of 100 adults with CHCs were randomized to ACT or waitlist, with baseline, 6-week, and 10-week assessment points. Recruitment (100 participants in 3 months with a wide range of CHCs), retention (84% at follow-up), and adherence rates (<em>M</em> = 4 of 6 sessions) indicated feasibility, with high program satisfaction ratings for acceptability. Only psychological flexibility improved more in ACT versus waitlist at post-intervention (6-week follow-up), with no differences on other outcomes until 10-week follow-up. Participants in ACT improved significantly more than waitlist at 10-week follow-up on the primary outcome of quality of life as well as functional impairment from CHCs and psychological flexibility. An exploratory moderation test suggested participants with elevated mental health symptoms at baseline improved more on these symptoms in ACT relative to waitlist at 10-week follow-up. Overall, results support the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a transdiagnostic ACT DMHI to improve quality of life and mental health for adults with a wide range of CHCs.</div></div><div><h3>Clinicaltrialsgov identifier</h3><div>NCT06179264.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting extinction memory updating to promote extinction generalization in a category-based fear conditioning paradigm","authors":"Dorothee Scheuermann ,&nbsp;Christiane A. Melzig ,&nbsp;Christoph Benke","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A challenge in exposure-based treatments is the effective generalization of extinction learning, as it tends to be highly specific to stimuli or situations used during exposure. This study takes a first step toward enhancing extinction generalization by promoting the updating of extinction memory. 35 participants underwent a three-day, within-subject, category-based fear conditioning paradigm. Two conditioned stimulus (CS) categories were paired with an electric shock during acquisition training (CS+1; CS+2), while one CS category was not (CS-). On day two, extinction training was followed by a prompt to retrieve the inhibitory learning association and to imagine the same experience with multiple novel stimuli for the CS+1 category in order to promote extinction memory updating. Importantly, these stimuli were not directly presented but solely imagined based on a two-word description. On day three, participants were tested for initial fear recall. We observed a pronounced return of fear for new stimuli from the CS+2 category. However, skin conductance response (SCR), fear-potentiated startle (FPS), shock expectancy and fear ratings were decreased for imagined stimuli of the category with extinction memory updating (CS+1) compared to the other category (CS+2). Moreover, extinction memory updating led to a diminished fear response for new CS+1 stimuli as indexed by SCR as well as for previously seen images during acquisition as indexed by FPS and subjective measures. These findings suggest that mental imagery involving novel stimuli may help to facilitate extinction generalization. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and the potential to be clinically applicable to improve treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving treatments for mental disorders using computational models","authors":"Oisín Ryan ,&nbsp;Jonas M.B. Haslbeck ,&nbsp;Donald J. Robinaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progress in the treatment of psychopathology has slowed and much remains unknown about how treatments achieve their beneficial effects. We propose that computational models can be used to provide new insights into how treatments may work and how they may be improved. We argue that treatments can be understood as interventions on systems of interacting components, and that computational models are needed if we are to accurately and precisely determine the effect an intervention will have on this system. We demonstrate this approach by using a computational model of panic disorder to conduct an <em>in silico</em> dismantling study of cognitive behavioral therapy. This simulated trial allows us to: identify a common source of treatment failure; propose a revised treatment protocol that mitigates this source of failure; and demonstrate that, if the model is accurate, this revised protocol will lead to improved treatment outcomes for 10% of patients. We conclude with a discussion of the promise and challenges of using computational models for treatment research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive bias modification as a web-based intervention for problem drinkers: A randomized controlled trial with a factorial design","authors":"Denise S. van Deursen ,&nbsp;Lynn Mobach ,&nbsp;Elske Salemink ,&nbsp;Matthijs Blankers ,&nbsp;Reinout W. Wiers","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Previous studies have shown that Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) can decrease cognitive biases implicated in the maintenance of problem drinking. However, it is still unclear what the individual and combined effects of multiple CBM interventions are when delivered as an e-health intervention. The current study therefore investigated the effects of web-based modification of attention bias, selective inhibition, and approach bias in a 2 (attentional bias modification: intervention/placebo) x 2 (selective inhibition training: intervention/placebo) x 2 (approach bias modification: intervention/placebo) double-blind, randomized controlled trial in self-identified problem drinkers.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Self-identified problem drinkers were randomly assigned to one of the eight CBM conditions. All participants first completed a personalized feedback intervention before completing 12 CBM sessions over six weeks. Cognitive biases were assessed with trained and untrained tasks at pre- and post-test and alcohol use was additionally measured three and six months later.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>427 self-identified problem drinkers (<em>M</em>_age = 51.2 years, <em>SD</em>_<em>age</em> = 8.69) were included. Results showed that alcohol use decreased over time, but the reductions in drinking did not differ between CBM conditions. There was little evidence that CBM changed cognitive biases. It should however be noted that some bias measures showed inadequate reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results indicate that in problem drinkers, web-based CBM does not add to the effects of a brief motivational intervention to reduce alcohol use over time. Findings may be due to unsuccessful bias modification. Future studies need to delineate moderators of effectiveness and investigate new and promising inference-based CBM-variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct mapping of intervention to thought features: A Bayesian proof-of-concept study","authors":"Nur Hani Zainal ,&nbsp;Christian A. Webb ,&nbsp;Lauren S. Hallion","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although uncontrollability is the core feature of perseverative thought that best accounts for its relationship to psychopathology, other features – for example, valence and content – have also been identified as potentially clinically relevant in their own right. We describe results from a proof-of-concept study that examined the extent to which major underlying features of worry could be used to predict which of three common cognitive regulatory strategies (mindful acceptance; focused attention meditation; and thought suppression) would help regulate that worry. <em>N</em> = 40 adults selected for high trait worry (80% also met criteria for one or more <em>DSM-5</em> anxiety-related diagnoses) generated and provided feature ratings for three idiographic thought topics. Participants then attempted to control each worry using each of the three strategies during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a within-subjects design with a total of 468 observations. We used Bayesian multilevel modeling to test preregistered hypotheses regarding the extent to which each of five empirically-derived underlying dimensions of a worry (uncontrollability; negative valence; self-focus; apprehension; and social-memory content) could be used to predict which strategy would be most efficacious for regulating that worry. We did not find support for our preregistered hypotheses; however, in exploratory analyses, we found that mindfulness-based strategies were particularly effective compared to thought suppression for thoughts rated as higher (versus lower) in uncontrollability. Future research should test these principles in larger samples, using more diverse expressions of perseverative thought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 104717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}