Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Savoring mental imagery: Electrocortical effects and association with depression","authors":"Lauren E. Jackson ,&nbsp;Kayla A. Wilson ,&nbsp;Annmarie MacNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to focus on and increase positive emotion in response to mental imagery may play a key role in emotional wellbeing. Moreover, deficits in this ability might underlie emotional disorders such as depression. Here, we set out to determine whether people could use savoring to upregulate subjective and electrocortical response to mental imagery of previously viewed positive and neutral pictures, and whether this would be negatively affected by depression. On each trial, participants (<em>N</em> = 49) viewed a positive or neutral picture, prior to simply re-imagining the previously presented picture (“view”) or re-imagining the picture while savoring it (“savor”). Results showed that savoring increased electrocortical and subjective response to imagined stimuli; however, this effect was only evident at the electrocortical level when controlling for depression. Moreover, depression moderated electrocortical findings, such that individuals who were more depressed showed a reduced effect of savoring on neural response to mental imagery. Results are in line with recent work that has shown the benefits of positive affect treatment for depression, to suggest that deficits in savoring mental imagery may play a role in the development and/or maintenance of depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104559"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141049572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ecological momentary assessment of OCD-relevant intrusions: Frequency, feared self, and concealment","authors":"Tess Jaeger ,&nbsp;Jeromy Anglim ,&nbsp;Yoon Hee Yang ,&nbsp;Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz ,&nbsp;Tess Knight ,&nbsp;Richard Moulding","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study provides the first examination of the frequency, characteristics, and dynamics surrounding daily experiences of OCD-relevant intrusions among non-clinical participants (<em>N</em> = 54, <em>N</em>_obs = 2314) using ecological momentary assessment. It also examines the extent to which self-related constructs—participants’ feared-self beliefs and their tendency to conceal aspects of self—relate to such intrusive phenomena. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire before reporting state depressed mood and intrusions up to five times per day (at semi-random intervals) for 14 days. Results suggest that questionnaire measures may result in underreporting of the frequency of intrusions, with most participants (80%) reporting at least one intrusion across the momentary observations, and 20% of observations indicating intrusive phenomena experienced since the previous momentary report. Baseline factors including OCD-related beliefs and feared self were related to the proportion of intrusions experienced, whereas self-concealment was not. Within the moment, state feared-self predicted intrusion-related distress, duration, perceived importance, the urge to act, and the need to control thoughts. The urge to conceal within the moment was significant but negatively related to perceived importance and the urge to act. Overall, this study provides evidence for the relevance of momentary measures of intrusions, and adds to evidence for self-beliefs in the dynamics of the disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000858/pdfft?md5=a492cd9b93e32f97731b5b9f3ea5b88b&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000858-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of remote digital gamified and group CBT skills training interventions for anxiety and depression among college students: Results of a three-arm randomised controlled trial","authors":"Jason Bantjes ,&nbsp;Xanthe Hunt ,&nbsp;Pim Cuijpers ,&nbsp;Alan E. Kazdin ,&nbsp;Chris J. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Alex Luedtke ,&nbsp;Ivana Malenica ,&nbsp;Maria Petukhova ,&nbsp;Nancy Sampson ,&nbsp;Nur Hani Zainal ,&nbsp;Charl Davids ,&nbsp;Munita Dunn-Coetzee ,&nbsp;Rone Gerber ,&nbsp;Dan J. Stein ,&nbsp;Ronald C. Kessler","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital interventions can enhance access to healthcare in under-resourced settings. However, guided digital interventions may be costly for low- and middle-income countries, despite their effectiveness. In this randomised control trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of two digital interventions designed to address this issue: (1) a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Skills Training (CST) intervention that increased scalability by using remote online group administration; and (2) the SuperBetter gamified self-guided CBT skills training app, which uses other participants rather than paid staff as guides. The study was implemented among anxious and/or depressed South African undergraduates (n = 371) randomised with equal allocation to Remote Group CST, SuperBetter, or a MoodFlow mood monitoring control. Symptoms were assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Intention-to-treat analysis found effect sizes at the high end of prior digital intervention trials, including significantly higher adjusted risk differences (<em>ARD</em>; primary outcome) in joint anxiety/depression remission at 3-months and 6-months for Remote Group CST (<em>ARD</em> = 23.3–18.9%, p = 0.001–0.035) and SuperBetter (<em>ARD</em> = 12.7–22.2%, p = 0.047–0.006) than MoodFlow and mean combined PHQ-9/GAD-7 scores (secondary outcome) significantly lower for Remote Group CST and SuperBetter than MoodFlow. These results illustrate how innovative delivery methods can increase the scalability of standard one-on-one guided digital interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Preregistration international standard randomised controlled trial number (isrtcn) submission #</h3><p>47,089,643.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A threat from within: Learning to fear by observing aversive bodily symptoms in others","authors":"Ena Alcan,&nbsp;Christoph Benke,&nbsp;Christiane A. Melzig","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although observational fear learning has been implicated in the development of phobic-related fears, studies investigating observational learning of fear of bodily symptoms remain scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether fear in response to bodily symptoms can be acquired simply by observing a fearful reaction to provocation of aversive bodily symptoms in others. Forty healthy participants underwent an observational fear conditioning paradigm consisting of two phases. In the first phase, participants observed a demonstrator reacting to an aversive bodily symptom provocation (unconditioned stimulus or US, i.e., labored breathing) paired with one conditioned stimulus (CS+) but not with the other one (CS-, both CSs were geometric symbols presented on a screen the demonstrator was watching). In the second phase, participants were directly presented with the same conditioned stimuli, but in the absence of the US. Our results revealed enhanced conditioned fear responses in the beginning of the second phase to the CS + as compared to CS-, as indexed by greater skin conductance and subjective fear responses, as well as greater potentiation of startle eyeblink responses to the CS + as compared to the ITI. Taken together, these findings implicate that fear of bodily symptoms can be learned through observation of others, that is, without first-hand experience of bodily threat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000822/pdfft?md5=9d5362c25f7e722521f9f835c0dfc3d6&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000822-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can glucose facilitate fear exposure? Randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the effects of glucose administration on fear extinction processes","authors":"Alexander Hauck,&nbsp;Tanja Michael,&nbsp;Tobias C. Issler,&nbsp;Steven Klein,&nbsp;Johanna Lass-Hennemann,&nbsp;Diana S. Ferreira de Sá","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies showed that glucose has beneficial effects on memory function and can enhance contextual fear learning. To derive potential therapeutic interventions, further research is needed regarding the effects of glucose on fear extinction. In two experimental studies with healthy participants (Study 1: <em>N</em> = 68, 39 females; Study 2: <em>N</em> = 89, 67 females), we investigated the effects of glucose on fear extinction learning and its consolidation. Participants completed a differential fear conditioning paradigm consisting of acquisition, extinction, and return of fear tests: reinstatement, and extinction recall. US-expectancy ratings, skin conductance response (SCR), and fear potentiated startle (FPS) were collected. Participants were pseudorandomized and double-blinded to one of two groups: They received either a drink containing glucose or saccharine 20 min before (Study 1) or immediately after extinction (Study 2). The glucose group showed a significantly stronger decrease in differential FPS during extinction (Study 1) and extinction recall (Study 2). Additionally, the glucose group showed a significantly lower contextual anxiety at test of reinstatement (Study 2). Our findings provide first evidence that glucose supports the process of fear extinction, and in particular the consolidation of fear extinction memory, and thus has potential as a beneficial adjuvant to extinction-based treatments.</p><p>Registered through the German Clinical Trials Registry (<span>https://www.bfarm.de/EN/BfArM/Tasks/German-Clinical-Trials-Register/_node.html</span><svg><path></path></svg>; Study 1: DRKS00010550; Study 2: DRKS00018933).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000809/pdfft?md5=8ab3e503e575ba35bcfd1d183b493898&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000809-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does working memory training improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms? A pair of three-level meta-analyses","authors":"Xiaobing Cui ,&nbsp;Siyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuting Yu ,&nbsp;Qingwen Ding ,&nbsp;Xuebing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Emotional dysfunction is a core feature of many mental disorders. Working memory training (WM-T) is promising to improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depressive symptoms), but the results are mixed. Therefore, we conducted meta-analyses to clarify these mixed results.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO to identify relevant studies and screened the references. The effect size was calculated using Hedges’ <em>g</em>. Three-level, random-effects models were run using metafor in R.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The current study included 44 articles, of which 29 were involved with emotion regulation, and 30 were involved with internalizing symptoms. The results showed that WM-T could yield emotional benefits, but the benefits were confined to enhancing explicit emotional regulation capacity and reducing anxiety symptoms. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on emotion regulation, there was no significant moderator. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on internalizing symptoms, the emotional valence of the material and control group were statistically significant moderators.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>WM-T could yield certain emotional effects, but only to improve explicit emotion regulation capacity and reduce anxiety symptoms. In addition, some measures could enhance the effect, such as targeting specific populations, increasing the number of training sessions (≥15) or duration (&gt;450 minutes), using negative material, and using n-back training tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Nip it in the bud’: Low-frequency rTMS of the prefrontal cortex disrupts threat memory consolidation in humans","authors":"Simone Battaglia ,&nbsp;Claudio Nazzi ,&nbsp;Miquel A. Fullana ,&nbsp;Giuseppe di Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Sara Borgomaneri","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is still unclear how the human brain consolidates aversive (e.g., traumatic) memories and whether this process can be disrupted. We hypothesized that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is crucially involved in threat memory consolidation. To test this, we used low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) within the memory stabilization time window to disrupt the expression of threat memory. We combined a differential threat-conditioning paradigm with LF-rTMS targeting the dlPFC in the critical condition, and occipital cortex stimulation, delayed dlPFC stimulation, and sham stimulation as control conditions. In the critical condition, defensive reactions to threat were reduced immediately after brain stimulation, and 1 h and 24 h later. In stark contrast, no decrease was observed in the control conditions, thus showing both the anatomical and temporal specificity of our intervention. We provide causal evidence that selectively targeting the dlPFC within the early consolidation period prevents the persistence and return of conditioned responses. Furthermore, memory disruption lasted longer than the inhibitory window created by our TMS protocol, which suggests that we influenced dlPFC neural activity and hampered the underlying, time-dependent consolidation process. These results provide important insights for future clinical applications aimed at interfering with the consolidation of aversive, threat-related memories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000755/pdfft?md5=d684a27be26a103c0cf0b24202920fa1&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000755-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagery rescripting and extinction: Effects on US expectancy, US revaluation, and the generalization of fear reduction","authors":"M. Woelk ,&nbsp;M.A. Hagenaars ,&nbsp;F. Raes ,&nbsp;B. Vervliet ,&nbsp;J. Krans","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure therapy consists of exposing patients to their fears and thereby diminishing their harm expectancies (i.e., extinction or expectancy learning). Although effective for many anxiety patients, its long-term success depends on the generalization of these harm expectancies to other stimuli. However, research shows that this generalization of extinction is limited. Besides decreasing harm expectancies, fear reduction may also be achieved by changing the meaning of an aversive memory representation (US revaluation). Imagery rescripting (ImRs) may be more successful in generalizing fear reduction because it allegedly works through US revaluation. The current experiment aimed to test working mechanisms for ImRs and extinction (revaluation and expectancy learning, respectively), and to examine generalization of fear reduction. In a fear conditioning paradigm, 113 healthy participants watched an aversive film clip that was used as the US. The manipulation consisted of imagining a script with a positive ending to the film clip (ImRs-only), extinction (extinction-only), or both (ImRs + extinction). Results showed enhanced US revaluation in ImRs + extinction. US expectancy decreased more strongly in the extinction conditions. Generalization of fear reduction was found in all conditions. Our results suggest different working mechanisms for ImRs and exposure. Future research should replicate this in (sub)clinical samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the ‘black box’ of anxiety: An ERP study of non-consciously triggered fear generalization","authors":"Ying Mei ,&nbsp;Benjamin Becker ,&nbsp;Paavo H.T. Leppänen ,&nbsp;Yi Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals with anxiety disorders frequently display heightened fear responses, even in situations where there is no imminent danger. We hypothesize that these irrational fear responses are related to automatic processing of fear generalization. The initial automatic detection of stimuli often operates at a non-conscious level. However, whether fear generalization can occur when the cues are not perceived consciously remains unclear. The current study investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying fear conditioning and its non-conscious and conscious generalization using a backward masking paradigm, combined with analysis of event-related potentials from electroencephalographic recordings. Behaviorally, participants showed heightened shock expectancy in response to non-conscious perceived generalization stimuli compared to those perceived consciously. Nonetheless, participants could not consciously distinguish between danger and safe cues in non-conscious trials. Physiologically, danger cues evoked larger frontal N1 amplitudes than safety cues in non-conscious trials, suggesting enhanced attention vigilance towards danger cues in the early sensory processing stage. Meanwhile, when fear generalization was conscious, it was accompanied by a larger P2 amplitude, indicating attention orientation or stimulus evaluation. In addition, fear conditioning was associated with sustained discrimination on P2, P3, and LPP. These findings collectively suggest that non-conscious fear generalization occurs at the neural level, yet additional control conditions are required to confirm this phenomenon on the US expectancy. Thus, non-consciously fear generalization may represent a mechanism that could trigger automatic irrational fear, highlighting the need for further research to explore therapeutic targets in anxiety disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not just emotion regulation, but cognition: An experience sampling study testing the relations of ecological interpretation biases and use of emotion regulation strategies with momentary affective states during daily life functioning","authors":"Teresa Boemo ,&nbsp;Oscar Martín-Garcia ,&nbsp;Ana Mar Pacheco-Romero ,&nbsp;Ivan Blanco ,&nbsp;Ginette Lafit ,&nbsp;Inez Myin-Germeys ,&nbsp;Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Current research is moving from studying cognitive biases and maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) as relatively stable phenomena contributing to affective disturbances, adopting ecological methodologies, such as Experience Sampling Methods (ESM). However, there is still limited ESM evidence on the interactions between stress and ER strategies’ use, and negative interpretation biases, regarding their relations with momentary affective states. In this study, we used a new ESM design to disentangle the contextual, regulatory and cognitive processes implicated in daily affective experiences.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A sample of 103 participants completed an ESM study (3 times a day for 10 days) that included self-reports of momentary affect, stress intensity, ER strategies’ use and a cognitive task measuring momentary negative interpretation biases.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Multilevel analyses supported significant interactions of both rumination and worry with stress intensity, to account for momentary higher negative and lower positive affect levels. Furthermore, higher state negative interpretation bias levels uniquely predicted both higher negative and lower positive momentary affect levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study implemented a novel online cognitive task within an ESM procedure, which helped to disentangle how contextual ER strategies’ use and momentary cognitive biases uniquely relate to affective experiences in daily life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}